Circuit Solicitors.

William Eaton,

$2,500 2,500

2,500

300

of Murfreesboro'. of Newbern.

of Halifax Co.

Cadwallader Jones, of Hillsborough.

of Rockingham. W. N. H. Smith,
of Greensboro'. G. S. Stephenson,
of Salisbury.
of Salisbury.
of Hillsborough.
of Newbern.
of Chapel Hill.

Robert Strange,

Daniel Coleman,

of Fayetteville.

of Concord.

Burgess S. Gaither, of Morgantown.

The Supreme Court holds three sessions in each year; two in the city of Raleigh, to wit, on the 2d Monday in June and the last Monday in December, and one at Morgantown, on the first Monday of August, for the western part of the State; and continues to sit at each term until all the business on the docket is determined, or continued upon good cause shown. It has power to hear and determine all cases in law or equity, brought before it by appeal, or by the parties. It has original and exclusive jurisdiction in repealing letters-pa.ent, and also has power to issue all writs necessary and proper for the exercise of its jurisdiction.

The judges of the Supreme and the Superior Courts are elected by joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly, to hold office during good behavior. Their salaries cannot be diminished during continuance in office.

Salary of a solicitor, $20 for each court which he attends, and fees for conviction. The Attorney-General receives, in addition, $100 for each term of the Supreme Court which he attends.

The Superior Courts of Law, and the Courts of Equity, are held twice each year in every county of the State. There are seven circuits, of about ten counties each, which the judges ride alternately, never visiting, however, the same circuit twice in succession. The judges of these courts have complete equity jurisdiction.

FINANCES.

Receipts from Nov. 1st, 1849, to Oct. 31st, 1850,
Expenditures during the same period,

Excess of expenditures,

219,006.47 228,173 24

9.166.77

State Debt.· This is contingent, and arises from indorsements by the State of bonds of railroad companies, to the amount of $1,100,000. From this deduct $13,000 for bonds not used, and $110,000 for bonds paid, which reduces the amount for which the State may be liable to $ 977 000.

Deaf and Dumb.

-The corner-stone of the building for the North Carolina Institution

for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb was laid April 14, 1848. The Institution is in Raleigh, near the State House. The grounds have an extent of four acres.

Lunatic Asylum. - The Legislature, at a late session, imposed a tax of one cent and three quarters on every $100 worth of land, and five and a quarter cents on every taxable poll per annum, for four years, to raise a fund for building a lunatic asylum. The tax will yield about $80,000 in the four years.

The Legislature, at the session in 1850, passed a bill authorizing an agricultural, mineralogical, and botanical survey of the State. The Governor is to make the appointment, and the Surveyor is required personally, or by his assistants, "to visit every county in the State, and examine every thing of interest or value in either of the above departments, to ascertain the nature and character of its products, and the nature and character of its soil, as well as to give an account of its minerals."

The Governor is elected by the Senate and House of Representatives

jointly, to serve for two years, and is not reëligible until after the expiration of four years. In case of his death, or removal from office, the LieutenantGovernor acts as Governor.

Legislature.— Assembles at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in November, annually. Representatives (124 in number) are chosen for two years, on a mixed basis of population and taxation. Pay, $3 a day, and 10 cents for every mile of travel. The Senate consists of 45 members, who are elected for four years; one half chosen every second year. Pay of Senators the same as that of Representatives.

JUDICIARY.

The judges and chancellors are elected by joint ballot of both houses. They hold their commissions during good behavior, and receive a compensation which can neither be increased nor diminished during their continuance in office. Repeated attempts have been made to limit their tenure to 65 or 70 years, but without success. A judge or chancellor may order a special court, and a chancellor may hear cases, by consent, at chambers. Chancellors in Equity.

Job Johnston,

of Newbury,

Benjamin Faneuil Dunkin, of Charleston,

Salary.

Appointed.

Isaac W. Hayne, of Charleston, Attorney-General,

1,100 and fees.

Law Court of Appeals, and Equity Court of Appeals. The former, consisting of all the law judges, for hearing appeals from the courts of law, and the latter, of all the chancellors, for hearing appeals from the courts of equity, are held in Columbia on the first Monday in May and fourth Monday in November. These courts are also held in Charleston on the second Monday in January, for hearing and determining appeals for the Districts of Georgetown, Horry, Beaufort, Colleton, and Charleston.

Clerks. At Charleston, T. J. Gantt. At Columbia, A. Herbemont. Courts for the Correction of Errors, consisting of all the judges in law and equity, to try constitutional questions, or questions where the law and equity courts are divided, and which are referred thereto by either of the courts, are held at such times, during the sitting of the Court of Appeals, as the chancellors and judges may appoint.

Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions.-These courts have original jurisdiction in all civil cases where legal rights are involved (except in matters of contract where the amount is $20 or under) and in all criminal cases affecting free white men; and appellate jurisdiction in all appeals from Magistrates' Courts, and in appeals from the Court of Ordinary in all cases except in matters of account. They are held in each and every district of the State twice in each year. The times of holding the court for Charleston District are the first Monday in May, to sit six weeks, and the fourth Monday in October, to sit four weeks. Daniel Horlbeck, Clerk for Charleston District.

Courts of Equity take cognizance of all matters belonging to a court of equity, as contradistinguished from a court of law. A term is held by one chancellor, annually, in each district, except Charleston District, where two terms are held; viz. on the first Monday in February, to sit six weeks, and on the second Monday in June, to sit four weeks.

City Court of Charleston. An inferior court of limited jurisdiction both in civil and criminal causes. William Rice, Recorder.

Ordinary's Court. Each district has its own Ordinary. The principal duties of the Ordinary are to grant letters of administration; probate of wills; examine executors and administrators' accounts, &c. His office is the proper depository of wills and other papers relative to the administration of estates. An appeal lies from his determination, in matters of account, to the Court of Equity, and, in all other cases, to the Court of Common Pleas. M. T. Mendenhall, Ordinary for Charleston District.

Magistrates' Courts have exclusive jurisdiction in matters of contract of and under twenty dollars.

Court of Magistrates and Freeholders, for the trial of slaves and free persons of color for criminal offences.

FINANCES.

The whole amount received during the year ending 30th September, 1851, was as follows: From taxation,

From other sources,

Balance, Oct. 1, 1850,

$ 491,049.80

42,978.91

69,428.45

603,457.16

395,913.45

207,543.71

$333,255.45

1,760.253.37

Whole amount expended during the year ending 30th September, 1851,

Balance in the Treasury, October 1, 1851,

State Debt. - The debt of the State is as follows:

Three, five, and six per cent. State stocks, .

Six per cent. stock and five per cent. sterling bonds, fire loan,
Amount of absolute debt, .

$2,093,508.82

The State has a contingent debt of $ 1,051,422.09, being the amount of surplus revenue received from the United States.

State Bank. The profits of the bank for the year ending September 30, 1851, were 8301,438.43. From this amount there has been paid $ 53,016.16, for interest on the debt in Europe; also the interest on the 6 per cents (fire loan), amounting to $49,298.17; and $1,410.20 have been carried to profit and loss account; leaving the sum of $197,713.90 applicable to special appropriations.

The aggregate funds of the bank on the 1st of October, 1851, were,
From this deduct bank liabilities, viz. :-

Issues, .

$ 6,967,303.04

$2,038,228.12

Due Treasury,.

207,969.06

Due Treasury for Sinking Fund, redemption of 5 and 6 per cent.

Shares in S. C. Railroad Company and Southwestern Railroad Bank,
Balances due by tax-collectors, sheriffs, &c.,

The taxes for the year 1851 were as follows:- Upon 368,913 slaves, $313,576.05; on

1,342,350.00

10,936.08

2,757 free negroes, $5,514.00; on merchandise, $48,264.12; on interest of money loaned, $5,701.57; on faculties, professions, &c., $12,751.11; on town lots, $73,752.21; on 17,073,412 acres of land, valued at $10,213,453, $54,825.85; arrears, &c., $1,293.54. Total, $515,678.85.

Free Schools. - Number of schools in 1849, 1,023; number of teachers, 1,019; number of scholars, 9,122. Amount expended by the Legislature, in 1848, $40,561.53. These schools are under the superintendence of commissioners appointed by the Legislature.

State Lunatic Asylum, Columbia.-J. W. Parker, Superintendent. The number of patients, Nov. 5, 1850, was 121. Received during the year, 55; whole number, 176. Dis. charged during the year, cured, 22; improved, 18; and 9 died; leaving in the Asylum, November 5, 1851, 127; of whom 63 were males, and 59 were females; of the 127, 70 were paupers, and 57 pay patients; 74 were single; 32 married; 16 were widows, and 5 widowers. The receipts during the year were $26,501.43; the expenditures, $ 23,702.54. Cedar Spring Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. was founded in 1849, by Mr. N. P. Walker, and in November, 1851, had 27 pupils.

XV. GEORGIA.

Government for the Year 1853.

-This institution

Lewis Zachary,
Jesse H. Campbell,
Andrew J. Miller,
Luther J. Glenn,
Jas. A. Meriwether,
Thaddeus Sturgis,
S. J. Ray,

of Baldwin Co., Surveyor-General,
of Milledgeville, State Librarian.

Commissioners to settle the Affairs of
the Central Bank.

of Newton Co.,
of Baldwin Co.,
of Richmond Co.,
of Henry Co.,
of Putnam Co.,

of Muscogee Co.,
of Bibb Co.,

Keeper of the Penitentiary.
Commissioner of Deaf and Dumb.
President of the Senate, $5 a day.
Secretary of the Senate,
500
Speaker of House of Rep., $5 a day.
Clerk of House of Rep.,

State Printer.

500

The pay of members of the Legislature is $5 a day. The Legislature meets biennially. The last Legislature met in November, 1851.

The judges of the Supreme Court are elected for six years (one every two years) by the General Assembly, and are removable upon address of