CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

CHAPTER XXI. THE CIVIL WAR-NEUTRALITY

Attitude of Europe toward America in 1861-Hatred of Revolutions-

Buchanan's Bad Impression-Accession of Lincoln-Friendly Expressions

-Seward's Erratic Course-Privateering Great Britain's Hasty Recog-

nition of Confederate Belligerency-An Intrigue with the Confederacy-

Confederate Commissioners Abroad-Neutrality Proclamations-Attitude

toward Privateers-No Combination of Powers Recognized by Seward-

Effect of the Morrill Tariff-Unofficial Envoys-Pro-Southern Partizan-

ship-The Trent Episode-Effect of Victories and Defeats-Confederate

Ships in European Shipyards-The Cotton Loan-"This Is War"-Con-

traband Shipbuilding in France-John Bigelow's Shrewd Device

CHAPTER XXII. THE CIVIL WAR-INTERVENTION

France and Great Britain Chiefly Concerned-The Mexican Imbroglio-

Mercier's Recommendations-Palmerston's Attitude-Joint Intervention

Contemplated-Gladstone's Zeal for Secession-Effect of the Emancipation

Proclamation-Slidell's Intrigues at Paris-Louis Napoleon's Hostility-

British Friendship-The Alabama and Alexandra-Roebuck's Bumptious-

ness-Queen Victoria's Personal Influence-How a Breach was Averted-

The Visit of the Russian Squadron to American Waters-No Proof of the

"Sealed Orders'' Legend-Probable Purpose of that Visit-Against France,

not for America .

CHAPTER XXIII. SOME NORTH AMERICAN

COMPLICATIONS

Post-Bellum Settlements-The French Attack upon Mexico-The Monroe

Doctrine Challenged-Seward's Attitude-Futile Motions in Congress-

Strenuous Action at the End of the War-The French Ordered Out-Amer.

ican Interest in Alaska-Seward's Vision of the Future-The Treaty of

Purchase-Motives for the Transaction-The Danish West Indies-How a

Beneficent Project was Defeated-Later Negotiations-Santo Domingo's

Overtures for Annexation-Grant's Efforts Defeated on Unworthy Grounds

-Trouble over Cuba-Recognition not Granted-The Tragedy of the

Virginius-On the Verge of War-Salvador-Yucatan-The Guano Islands

CHAPTER XXIV. BRITISH RELATIONS

Effects of the Civil War-The Fenian Raids-Discussing the Alabama

Claims The San Juan Boundary-The Johnson-Clarendon Claims Con-

vention-Motley's Maladroit Diplomacy-Negotiation by Sir John Rose-

The Treaty of Washington-The Joint High Commission and Its Agenda

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3

28

51

340205

-Success of the Negotiations-Arbitration at Geneva-American Claims

for Damages-The Question of Indirect Claims-A Bogy Disposed Of-

British Liability for Confederate Cruisers-The Ultimate Award-Attitude

of the Two Countries Toward the Result of the Arbitration-British Claims

Against America-The San Juan Decision-Extradition of Criminals-

Naturalization-An Indiscreet Minister-American Relief for Irish Famine

Sufferers-The Land League Agitation-The Yorktown Centenary-Recall

of a Victimized Minister

CHAPTER XXV. DEALINGS WITH BRITISH AMERICA

Relations with Canada-Attempts to Renew Reciprocity-Controversy Over

the North Atlantic Fisheries—An Arbitral Award Favoring Great Britain

-The Fortune Bay Episode-Factional Complications in the United

States-Retaliation Proposed-The Bering Sea Seal Question-Extrava-

gant American Claims-Blaine's Willingness to Arbitrate-The Treaty of

1892-Result at Paris-American Payment of Damages-The Sealing Com-

mission-Fisheries in the Lakes-The Klondike Gold Discoveries-Settle-

ment of the Alaska Boundary Controversy-The Venezuela-Guiana Bound-

ary-Cleveland's Vigorous Assertion of Monroeism-British Coöperation

with the American Commissioners-Arbitration and Its Results-Pro-

posals of Permanent Arbitration Treaties-The Victorian Jubilee

CHAPTER XXVI. SOME DIPLOMATIC MISCELLANY

Transatlantic Cable Communication-World's Fairs-Prussia and Austria

-The Franco-German War-The Centenary of Independence-Affairs in

the Balkans-Offensive Conduct of a Russian Minister-American Envoys

Rejected by Foreign Powers-International Tribunals in Egypt-Expatria-

tion and Naturalization-Problems of Immigration-Extradition-Russian

Discrimination against Jews-Russo-American Treaty Abrogated-Retalia-

tion against the American Tariff System-The Massacre of Italians in New

Orleans-The American "Baby Act"-Controversies with Turkey-The

Bartholdi Statue-International Copyright-Suppression of the Slave Trade

-Recognition of the Kongo State-Foundation and Protection of Liberia .

CHAPTER XXVII. EMBROILMENT AT SAMOA

Early Interests of Three Powers in the Islands-A German Corporation in

the Lead-Admiral Meade's Negotiations-An Unfaithful Agent-The Be-

ginning of Trouble-An American Protectorate Proclaimed and Repudiated

-Disputed Native Rulership-The Tripartite Protectorate-German Ag-

gressions Against Malietoa-Tamasese Proclaimed King-America Roused

to Action-Embarrassments and Evils of the Tripartite System-Surrender

of Malietoa-American Opposition to German Aggression-The Gathering

of the Fleets for War-A Tempest as Peacemaker Conferences Held at

Berlin-The Samoans Sacrificed to Alien Greed-Failure of the Berlin

Treaty-Cleveland's Denunciation of a Bad Policy-American Oppression

of the Natives-The Final Partition of the Islands-A Discreditable Chap-

ter of American History

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE ANNEXATION OF HAWAII

A New Era in American Relations with the Islands-Accession of David

Kalakaua-Reciprocity Established-Annexation again Broached-Cession

of Pearl Harbor-The Revised Constitution-Accession of Queen Liliuoka-

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75

95

116

136

lani-Attempt at a Reactionary Revolution-Corruption of the Legislature

-The Committee of Public Safety-Landing of American Troops-Deposi

tion of the Queen by the Provisional Government-The Annexation Treaty-

Liliuokalani's Protest-The Treaty Withdrawn-British and Japanese In-

terests-Blount Sent as "Commissioner Paramount"-Willis's Distasteful

Mission-Gresham's Design to Restore the Queen-Hawaiian Resistance-

American Hostility to the Hawaiian Republic-British Intrigues-Another

Attempt at Annexation-Attitude of Hawaii in the Spanish War-Final

Annexation by Act of Congress-British and Japanese Concern

CHAPTER XXIX. LATIN-AMERICAN NEIGHBORS

Attitude of the United States toward the Spanish War with Chile and

Peru-American Arbitration in Several Cases-A Valuable Diplomat Ill

Treated-Boundary Disputes Arbitrated by the United States-The Cerruti

Claims-Controversies with Colombia-The Water Witch Dispute with

Paraguay Peruvian Relations Suspended-Disputes with Chile-American

Meddling in the Chilean Revolution-Neutrality Violated-The Itata Scan-

dal-The Baltimore Brawl-Claims against Costa Rica-Many Claims

against Mexico-Mexican Claims against the United States-The Weil and

La Abra Cases-The Pious" Fund-The United States and Mexico at

The Hague-Controversies with Brazil-Trouble with Venezuela-Interna-

tional Conferences-The Brazilian Revolution-The Pan-American Con-

gresses

CHAPTER XXX. DEALINGS WITH THE FAR EAST

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161

. 185

The New Era in China-Burlingame's Mission to China-His Unique Mis-

sion for China to America-Anti-Missionary Riots in China-Chinese Im-

migration to America-At First Welcomed and Encouraged-Rise of Oppo-

sition-The Morton Committee and Its Reports-The Sand Lots''

Agitation-Offensive Legislation Attempted-Treaty Revision Effected-

Naturalization Denied to the Chinese-Clash between Treaties and Laws

-The Geary Act of 1892-All Chinese Treated as Criminals-The Era of

Enlightenment in Japan-A Notable Mission to America-Japan Learning

from America-American Advocacy of Japanese Rights-The Japanese Re-

sort to War-Emancipation at last Effected-Corea, the "Hermit Nation''

-American Expeditions and Attacks-A Tragic Fraud-Diplomatic Rela-

tions Established-Attitude of the United States in the Chinese-Japanese

War-Intervention Refused but Mediation Offered

211

CHAPTER XXXI. THE WAR WITH SPAIN

Early Interest of the United States in Cuba-The Final Revolution and

Its Implication of American Interests-Wise Course of Cleveland-Some

Congressional Follies-Spanish Atrocities in Cuba-Proctor's Report-Re-

prisals by the Cubans-A Policy of Devastation-American Policy Stated

by Cleveland and by McKinley-American Pleas and Protests-Negotia-

tions at Washington and Madrid-The Spanish Offer of Autonomy-De

Lome's Letter and His Recall-Destruction of the Maine-Futile Efforts

at Further Diplomacy-Something Like an Ultimatum-Woodford's Des-

perate Efforts for Peace-Archbishop Ireland's Intervention-Representa-

tions of the European Powers-McKinley's Reply-The "War Message'

-The Act of Congress for Intervention-Beginning of the War .

237

CHAPTER XXXII. RESULTS OF THE WAR

Contrast between Our Army and Navy-Conduct of the War-Why Dewey

Went to Manila-Attitude of the European Powers-Contrast between

German and British Conduct-First Overtures for Peace-French Good

Offices The American Ultimatum-Adoption of the Protocol-The Com-

missioners at Paris-American Dictation of Terms-The Long Dispute

over the Philippines-Whitelaw Reid's Policy Prevails-Why the Islands

Were Taken-Spanish Complaints against the Terms of the Treaty-In-

creased Authority and Responsibility of the United States Status of Our

New Possessions-The Philippines Permanently Acquired-The American

Occupation of Cuba-Preparations for Autonomy-The Platt Amendment-

Logic of the American Protectorate-The Cuban Government Established

-The Fight over Reciprocity-Second American Intervention and Occu-

pation of Cuba-Magoon's Work in the Island-The Status of the Isle

of Pines

CHAPTER XXXIII. LATER RELATIONS WITH THE FAR

CHAPTER

EAST

Impairment of American Interests in China-Germany's Aggressions-The

Partition of China Designed-Importance of Our Acquisition of the Philip-

pines-Masterful Diplomacy of John Hay-His Establishment of the "Open

Door' Principle The Boxer Outbreak-American Leadership in Inter-

vention and Rescue-American Policy Stated-The March to Peking-

Punishment of the Guilty-Exaction of Indemnity-Controversy with Rus-

sia in Manchuria-The Russo-Japanese War-The Fight for American

Rights-International Loans to China-The Opium Traffic-The Japanese

Question in California-Lawlessness and Misrepresentation-Treaty Revi-

sion-Sordid Discrimination against the Japanese in Defiance of Treaty

Rights

CHAPTER XXXIV. THE ISTHMIAN CANAL

French Intrigues at Nicaragua-The Dickinson-Ayon Treaty-Grant and
Hayes Enunciate the American Policy of an American Canal Under Amer-
ican Control-Schemes at Nicaragua, Panama, and Tehuantepec-Lesseps's
Enterprise-Blaine's Maladroit Attacks upon the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-
Frelinghuysen's Futile Negotiations with Great Britain and with Nica-
ragua-Cleveland's Strange Reversal of Policy-The Lesson of the Oregon
-The Hay-Pauncefote Negotiations-Terms and Intent of Their Treaty-
Failure of the Lesseps Scheme-Rivalry between Nicaragua and Panama-
Concha's Abortive Negotiations-The Hay-Herran Treaty-Why Colombia
Rejected It-The Panama Revolution-Relations of the United States to
It-John Hay's Vindication of the American Course-Colombian Bad Faith
Self-Exposed-Relations with the Republic of Panama-The Canal Treaty
-The Question of Canal Tolls

CHAPTER XXXV. SETTLEMENTS AND UNSETTLEMENTS

Increasing Friendship with Great Britain-The North Atlantic Fisheries-

Whitelaw Reid's Negotiations-Reference of the Century-Old Dispute to

The Hague-The Final Settlement-The Boundary Line and Reciprocal

Rights in Boundary Waters-Other Questions Settled-Canadian Reci-

procity Defeated-Completion of a Century of Peace-Troubles with Mex-

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281

306

PAGE

ico-Downfall of Diaz-Border Embroilments-Traffic in Arms Prohibited

-Fall of Madero and Accession of Huerta-Wilson's Refusal to Recognize

Huerta Our Ambassador Supplanted by "Personal Representatives''-

"Watchful Waiting"-Wilson's Assistance to Huerta's Enemies-The

Tampico Incident and the Invasion of Vera Cruz-Fighting for a Salute

which Was Never Given-"A B C" Mediation-Failure and Disgrace of

Wilson's Policy-Intervention in Dominican Finances-Central American

Treaties-Troubles with Honduras and Nicaragua-Controversies with

Venezuela-Root's South American Tour-A Gloss on the Monroe Doctrine 327

CHAPTER XXXVI. WAR AND PEACE

An Era of Conflicts-Arbitration as an American Principle and Practice-

Efforts for Permanent Treaties-The First Peace Congress at The Hague

-Its Agenda-Instructions of the American Delegates-Results of the

Congress Reservatory Declaration of the American Signatories-Arbitra-

tion Treaties Negotiated-Amended by the Senate to the President's Dis-

satisfaction-Cases before the Tribunal at The Hague-The Calvo or

Drago Doctrine-The Second Hague Congress-Its Agenda-Instructions

to the American Delegates-The Question of Collection of Debts-Estab-

lishment of a Permanent Tribunal-Arbitration-The Morocco Embroilment

-How America Was Implicated-The Treaty of Algeciras-Arbitration

Treaties under the Second Hague Congress-Questions of Honor and Vital

Interests-Changed Diplomacy of the Wilson-Bryan Régime-A Peace

Propaganda on New Lines-A Multitude of Treaties for the Promotion of

Peace The War of the Nations-Confirmation of the Wisdom of Wash-

ington

APPENDIX I-STATISTICAL

Presidents of the United States-Secretaries of State-Ambassadors and

Ministers-Treaties and International Agreements

APPENDIX II-DOCUMENTARY

353

383

Peace Treaty of 1783-Washington's Neutrality Proclamation-The Treaty

of Ghent-Treaty with Tunis-Treaty with Tripoli-Declaration of War of

1812-Act of War with Mexico-Free Ships, Free Goods' Treaty with

Prussia-Louisiana Purchase Treaty-Fisheries Treaty of 1818-Treaty

with Siam-Treaty with Persia-Treaty with Muscat-Extradition in Jay's

Treaty-First Extradition Treaty-First Naturalization Treaty-Abolition

of Sound Dues-Russo-American Treaty Rights-Polk's Version of the

Monroe Doctrine-Hay's Memorandum on the Monroe Doctrine-The Ostend

Manifesto The Geneva Convention-Colombian Isthmian Transit Treaty-

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-Dickinson-Ayon Treaty-Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

-Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty-Twentieth Century Arbitration Treaty-

Twentieth Century Peace Treaty

INDEX

421

453