under General Hooker were detached from the army of the Potomac, and sent to Tennessee, Longstreet's corps having been sent to Bragg previous to this time. It was discovered that Bragg's army had been increased also, by the prisoners taken and paroled by Grant at Vicksburg, thus shamefully violating their faith on the part of the chiefs of the slaveholders rebellion.

On the 19th of September was commenced the battle of Chickamauga. The right of the Union army under Mc Cook, the centre under Crittenden, and the left under that most admirable soldier, faithful patriot and true gentleman, General George H. Thomas. The rebels first attacked the left, and were repulsed. Then the centre, which after yielding for a short time was reënforced, and maintained its ground. The battle ceased at night, and both armies slept upon their arms. The morning dawned to see the battle furiously renewed upon the Union left and centre. Owing to a misapprehension of orders, a gap was left in the Union lines through which the rebels poured. Piercing the line, the Union right and right centre were cut off and driven back, and the indomitable Thomas was left to breast the tide of battle against the whole rebel army. The right and centre were broken, and fled in confusion to Chattanooga, carrying along Generals McCook, Crittenden and Rosecrans himself. His Chief of Staff, General Garfield joined Thomas, who still held his position immovable against the assaults made upon him. Gradually his lines assumed a crescent form; placing his back against the mountains, and with his flanks protected by the spurs of the rocky hills, like a lion at bay, he withstood the terrible onsets of the enemy. Finally, in the afternoon, a gap was found by which the foe could reach his rear, and Longstreet's legions began to pour through.

Fortunately, at this critical moment, General Gordon Granger, who had marched to the sound of the cannon, came upon the field, and on Thomas pointing out the gap to him, he rapidly threw upon the columns of Longstreet Steedman's brigade of cavalry. Swift was the charge, and terrible was the conflict, but the enemy was broken and the gap seized.

Two of Longstreet's divisions still confronted the gap, determined to carry the pass. A Union battery of six guns played into the gorge, up which they marched, carrying death into their ranks; still they charged nearly up to the mouth of the cannon; but grape, canister and musketry swept them away. At sunset they made their last charge. The Union soldiers had exhausted their ammunition; but with cold steel they charged Longstreet's veterans, scattered them, and the conflict was over, the victory won. At night the enemy fell back, leaving Thomas victorious, with all the honors of this hard fought field. The enemy did not renew the attack, and he joined the right and centre at Chattanooga. The loss of the enemy, as stated in the rebel papers, was 18,000. The Union loss was about 16,351.

On the 19th of October General Grant arrived at Louisville, and assumed command of the Departments of Tennessee, the Cumberland and Ohio; thus securing co-operation, the want of which was obvious; General Sherman assumed command of the Department of the Cumberland, and Thomas that of the Tennessee.

When Thomas followed Rosecrans to Chattanooga, after the desperate fight at Chickamauga, the rebels advanced and occupied the passes and heights of Lookout mountain and Missionary Ridge, and substantially invested Chattanooga.

Longstreet was sent to drive Burnside out of East Tennessee. Supplies for the Union army were now obtained with the greatest difficulty. The troops were on half rations, and ten thousand animals were lost for want of forage. Rosecrans had been relieved, and fears were entertained that Thomas might feel compelled to fall back from the most important position of Chattanooga; but Grant, on the 18th of October, telegraphed to him to hold the place at all hazards, and that he would be there as soon as possible. The brave and loyal Virginian replied: "I will hold the town until we starve." Grant arrived on the 22d, and losing no time, the next morning with Thomas made a reconnoisance of the situation, with a view of driving the enemy out of the overlooking mountains, and regaining the use of the river as a means of supply. He had around him his tried and faithful lieuten

ants, those with whom he had been accustomed to march to victory. Sherman was there, sagacious, energetic, rapid, persistent. Thomas, of the army of the Cumberland, a dignified soldier, worthy of Virginia in her earlier, prouder days, before her honor had been tarnished with slave breeding. Sheridan, the most impetuous, indefatigable, unconquerable soldier of the war; as a cavalry officer equal to Murat, and not inferior to Marshall McDonald upon a charge; and there was Hooker, as a fighting division or corps commander, without a superior East or West; and there too were Howard and Blair, and many others. With these, and their gallant subordinates, Grant determined to obtain possession of the river, and to storm and carry the rocky hights of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.

On the morning of the 24th of November, 8,000 men were placed on the south side of the Tennessee river, fortified in rifle trenches. By 12 M. the whole of Sherman's forces crossed; and by 3 o'clock P. M. the northern extremity of Missionary Ridge was in possession of the soldiers. Hooker scaled the western slope of Lookout Mountain, drove the enemy from his rifle pits, capturing many prisoners, following the enemy, when he and his troops emerged in sight on the Northern extremity of Lookout Mountain. Carlin was ordered to form a junction with him. On the morning of the 25th, Hooker took possession of the Mountain top,and then swept across the Chattanooga valley in pursuit of the enemy. Sherman's and Thomas' soldiers fought with the greatest steadiness, charging up the mountains, overcoming all resistance, and by 12 at night Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga Valley and Missionary Ridge were in possession of the Union army, and the divisions of Bragg were in full retreat. A large number of guns, small arms, and many prisoners were captured.. Thomas pursued the enemy, fought him again at Ringgold, beat him, and drove him to Tunnel Hill, twenty miles from Chattanooga. Meanwhile Burnside was at Knoxville, besieged by Longstreet; and Sherman with his worn and weary soldiers were dispatched by forced marches to his relief. His approach on the 3d of December sent Longstreet retreating towards Virginia, and thus closed, gloriously, tri

umphantly, the Campaign in Tennessee. The battle of Chattanooga, the storming of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, in which the Union troops stormed and carried peaks above the clouds, was perhaps the most dramatic scene of the war. The losses of the Union army in these battles was 757 killed, 4,529 wounded, and only 330 missing. The rebel loss in killed and wounded did not exceed the Union; but the slaveholders lost in prisoners 6,242, forty pieces of artillery, and 700 stand of arms.

The relief of the cruelly persecuted loyal Tennesseans was peculiarly grateful to the heart of the President. On the receipt of information that the insurgents were driven out, he issued a proclamation appointing a day of public thanksgiving, praise, and gratitude to Almighty God for this great advancement of the National cause.

From the attack upon, and surrender of Fort Sumter, which commenced the war, the people and the President had been extremely anxious to recapture this fort, and to take the city of Charleston, long the nest of nullification, secession and treason. Various military and naval attacks had been made, but it had been very strongly fortified in the beginning by Beauregard, and these fortifications strengthened from time to time. It was blockaded, besieged and bombarded, but successfully resisted all attacks made upon it.

On the 18th of July, 1863, another and more formidable attack was made under General Gilmore, commanding the land, and Admiral Dahlgren the naval forces. A most gallant assault on Fort Wagner was made. The troops, including the 54th Massachusetts colored regiment, led by the devoted and chivalric Colonel Shaw, went forward rapidly and in silence, until they were within two hundred yards of the work, when the men of the 54th, with a furious yell, rushed up the glacis, closely followed by the other regiments. The enemy poured into their ranks a furious fire of grape, canister, and musketry. The negroes however, bravely rushed forward, and many of them crossed the ditch and gained the parapet. They were forced back, leaving onethird of their number, including their brave young colonel, dead upon the field. Instances of unsurpassed heroism were

exhibited by these colored soldiers. A son of Fred Douglas, an eloquent champion of his race, a color bearer of the regiment, was brought to the hospital with his right arm shattered, and with the colors in his left, declaring "the stars never touched the earth." Other regiments and brigades came on, gained the fort, held it for some time, but were finally repulsed with great loss.

Gilmore then proceeded to bombard Fort Wagner, Sumter and Charleston. On the 7th of September, Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg were evacuated, and Fort Sumter was nearly battered down. The Union forces, however, did not then succeed in capturing Fort Sumter, nor in compelling the surrender of Charleston.

In August 1863, the whole nation was horror stricken by an attack and massacre by the rebels under a monster by the name of Quantrell, bearing the commission of Jefferson Davis,constituting him a colonel in the Confederate service, upon the city of Lawrence, Kansas. The citizens were massacred in cold blood, the city plundered and burned, including several churches, to which the inhuman wretches had a special aversion. Two hundred and five citizens were murdered, and property destroyed estimated to be of the value of two millions of dollars. The city had been settled by emigrants from New England; its people were distinguished for their morality, intelligence, love of liberty and hatred of slavery, and therefore the more an object of vengeance to the chiefs of the slaveholder's rebellion. Hence the motive of this infamous outrage.

The final results of the years' operations were as decisive and important as any perhaps which ever attended any combination of military and naval movements, where the theatre of operations was so vast.

Under the law of March 3d, 1863, providing for an enrollment of the military forces of the United States, the enrollment was completed, and in June a draft for 300,000 men was ordered by the President. Time was however given to each State to fill up its quota, and thus prevent a resort to drafting. There was great pride and emulation among the different towns, cities, and states, as to which should make