internal uprising. Zanzibar was proclaimed a People's Republic, with Mr Karume as President. The former constitution was abrogated, but other existing laws continued in force. A Revolutionary Council of 32 members was declared the Supreme Authority in the Republic. A Cabinet of Ministers was appointed to exercise executive power on behalf of, and with the advice of, the Revolutionary Council. Under a Presidential Decree made in February 1964 the Revolutionary Council was to enact constitutional Decrees which were to form the basic law of the Republic, and a Constituent Assembly was to be convened to consider these basic provisions which, after having received the Assembly's assent, were to be the Constitution of Zanzibar. A further Presidential Decree of 11th May 1965 established the Afro-Shirazi Party as the sole party and supreme authority in Zanzibar. UNION OF TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR After meetings between President Nyerere and President Karume it was decided that Tanganyika and Zanzibar should form one Sovereign State. Articles of Union were signed on 22nd April 1964 and on 25th April 1964 legislation ratifying these Articles was enacted by both the Tanganyika Parliament and the Revolutionary Council of Zanzibar. By this legislation the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was created as a single sovereign state, as from 26th April 1964, under President Nyerere. President Karume was declared 1st Vice-President of the United Republic, while retaining the style of President of Zanzibar as head of the separate Legislature and Executive for Zanzibar. There were 18 members from Zanzibar in the National Assembly of the United Republic and some of these became Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries in the United Republic Government. The legislation provided for an interim constitution which laid down that the United Republic should be governed in accordance with the provisions of the existing Tanganyika Constitution suitably modified to provide for a separate Legislature and Executive in Zanzibar with exclusive authority over matters other than reserved matters. Reserved matters were: external affairs; defence; police; emergency powers; citizenship; immigration; external trade and borrowing; The Public Service of the United Republic; income tax, corporation tax, customs and excise duties; harbours, civil aviation, posts and telegraphs. The main subjects which remained within the competence of the Zanzibar Government and for which there were separate ministries or departments included agriculture and fisheries; education and national culture; health and social insurance; information and broadcasting; labour; prisons; roads, power, works and justice. The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar became the United Republic of Tanzania on 29th October 1964. On 5th July 1965 the National Assembly passed the Interim Constitution Act which formerly declared Tanzania to be a one-party state. A revised TANU constitution formed the first schedule of the Act, which looked forward to the union of TANU and the Afro-Shirazi party. By the Interim Constitution Act the National Assembly was enlarged and consisted of 107 members elected from the Mainland, 15 elected by the Assembly itself, 17 Regional Commissioners from the Mainland and 3 from Zanzibar, up to 32 members of the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council, up to 10 Mainland residents chosen by the President and up to 20 Zanzibar residents similarly chosen. Zanzibar appointments require the approval of the President of Zanzibar. The number of constituencies was increased to 120 for the 1970 General Elections. HISTORICAL LIST Sir Richard Turnbull, KCMG (later GCMG), 9th December 1961 to 8th December 1962 MINISTRIES Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, 9th December 1961 to 22nd January 1962 PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TANGANYIKA Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, 9th December 1962 to 25th April 1964 ZANZIBAR His Highness Seyyid Jamshid bin Abdulla, 10th December 1963 to 11th January 1964 MINISTRY Sheikh Mohammed Shamte Hamedi, MBE, 10th December 1963 to 18th January 1964 PRESIDENT OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF ZANZIBAR Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, 12th January 1964 to 25th April 1964 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANGANYIKA AND ZANZIBAR PRESIDENT Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, from 26th April 1964 FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, from 26th April 1964 SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT R. M. Kawawa, from 26th April 1964 GOVERNMENT Before the dissolution of Parliament on 10th July 1965 all the 71 Mainland seats were held by the TANU party and all the 18 Zanzibar seats by the AfroShirazi party. At the Mainland elections in September 1965 a total of 700 nominations were received by the District Conferences for the 107 seats and these were reduced to 208 by the National Executive Conference of TANU after the District Conferences had examined and voted on the candidates. Only two candidates were allowed to stand in each constituency, there being 101 contested seats and 6 uncontested. All candidates were required to be party members. The elections were notable for the fact that many of the previous members of Parliament lost their seats. At the Presidential elections, which took place at the same time, there was only one candidate for the office of President. Electors were asked to vote for or against and President Nyerere was re-elected by an overwhelming majority. PRESIDENT AND MINISTERS President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Commander in Chief of the Minister for Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives: Minister for Commerce and Industries: Hon. Abdulrahman M. Babu Minister for Health and Social Insurance: Hon. Lawi N. Sijaona Minister for National Education: Hon. Chediel Y. Mgonja Minister of State (Foreign Affairs) President's Office: Hon. Stephen Mhando Minister of State, First Vice-President's Office: Hon. Aboud Jumbe Minister of State: Second Vice-President's Office: Hon. Issac M. Bhoke Munanka JUNIOR MINISTERS Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: (Zanzibar Office): Parliamentary Secretary, Second Vice-President's Office: Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives: Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Communications, Transport and Labour: Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare: MINISTRIES AND GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS PRESIDENT'S OFFICE AND CABINET SECRETARIAT Secretary to the Cabinet: D. A. Nkembo MINISTRY OF REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION Principal Secretary: A. Mushi MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Chief of Defence Forces: Brigadier M. S. H. Attorney-General: Hon. M. D. Bomani MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND CO-OPERATIVES Principal Secretary: E. A. Mulokozi MINISTRY OF FINANCE Principal Secretary to the Treasury and MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Principal Secretary: J. D. Namfua MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS, MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND Principal Secretary: T. Apiyo MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS Principal Secretary: F. J. Mchauru MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF HEALTH Principal Secretary: B. J. Maggidi CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICE COMMISSION SPEAKER'S OFFICE Speaker of the National Assembly; Chairman of the Electoral Commission: Chief Adam Sapi Mkwawa, OBE Clerk of the National Assembly: P. Msekwa JUDICIARY Chief Justice: The Hon. Mr Justice P. T. Georges The Hon. Mr Justice M. C. E. P. Biron The Hon. Mr Justice A. Mustafa The Hon. Mr Justice L. B. Duff The Hon. Mr Justice P. L. U. Cross, (Chairman of the Permanent Labour Tribunal) ZANZIBAR CABINET President of Zanzibar: Hon. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume Junior Minister for Communications, Power and Works: Hon. Badawi Qullaten REGIONAL COMMISSIONERS (ALL MPS) Arusha Region (HQ, Arusha): A. W. Mwakang'ata DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION TANZANIAN HIGH COMMISSIONERS ABROAD TANZANIAN AMBASSADORS ABROAD M. M. J. S. Lukumbuzya; U.A.R.: G. N. CommonwealTH HIGH COMMISSIONERS Australia: W. G. A. Landale; Britain: H. T TONGA (HE Kingdom of Tonga comprises a group of islands situated in the south-west Pacific between latitudes 15° and 23° 30′ S. and longitudes 173° and 177° W. The group, known as the Tonga or Friendly Islands, is divided into three main sub-groups: Vava'u, Ha'apai and Tongatapu. The total estimated area, including inland waters, is 270 square miles. Tongatapu, the largest island, has an area of 99.2 square miles. The islands on the eastern side are of coral formation, those on the west are volcanic. There are active volcanoes on four of the islands. The climate is healthy, though hot and humid from January to March with temperatures of 32°C (90°F); during the rest of the year it is pleasantly cool with temperatures as low as 11°C (52°F) on Tongatapu. The mean annual temperature is 23°C (73°F); the mean annual rainfall is 70 inches on Tongatapu and 110 inches on Vava'u. The population, as recorded in the 1966 census, numbered 77,429, of whom 76,121 were Tongans. The administrative capital is Nuku'alofa on Tongatapu, the population of which was 15,545 in the 1966 census. In 1967 there were 122 primary schools (79 state schools and the remainder run by Missions); post-primary education is provided by three Government and 57 Mission schools. Total estimated expenditure on education in 1968 amounted to T$1,328,506. The Government of Tonga Medical Department operates three public hospitals and a number of dispensaries. A new modern Government hospital is under construction and is being financed mainly from British development funds. Estimated Government expenditure on medical services (exclusive of buildings and building maintenance) was T$271,337 in 1968. There is a good regional airport on the island of Tongatapu, situated about 13 miles from Nuku'alofa, and there are limited seaplane facilities at Nuku'alofa and Vava'u harbour. Fiji Airways Limited operate a four times a week schedule between Fiji and Tongatapu and in conjunction with Polynesian Airlines twice a week service from Western Samoa. There are approximately 120 miles of metalled road in Tongatapu and 44 miles in Vava'u suitable for motor traffic. There are some 95 miles of unsealed roads which can only be used by motor traffic in dry weather. The chief ports, which are also ports of entry, are Nuku'alofa and Neaifu on Vava'u. 104 vessels, exclusive of warships and yachts, entered the country during the year 1968. A regular monthly passenger and cargo service from New Zealand via Fiji is maintained by the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand. Regular cargo services are also operated by vessels of the Bank Line and the Union Steam Ship Company. The Tonga Shipping Agency has been set up under the joint control of the Government and the Tonga Copra Board. It maintains internal services between islands of the group and a passenger and cargo service with Fiji and other adjacent islands as well as Australia. Broadcasting is administered by the Tonga Broadcasting Commission. The studios are situated at Nuku'alofa and the transmitter at Fongoloa, about one mile away. The station (ZCO), known as 'The Call of the Friendly Islands', was opened by the late Queen Salote Tupou on 4th July 1961. The station broadcasts for seven hours daily from Monday to Friday, for six and half hours on Saturdays and a minimum of two hours on Sundays, in English and Tongan. Transmissions are on medium wave on a frequency of 1,020 kc/s, and can also be heard in New Zealand, Fiji, Norfolk Island, Samoa and Niue. The station broadcasts Samoan and Fijian sessions as well. Commercial advertising is accepted in English and Tongan. The output of the station consists of locally originated programmes including traditional Tongan music and spoken word, news bulletins and weather forecasts. Tonga is essentially an agricultural country, and, in general, a land of peasant proprietors. Only a very small proportion of the population seeks employment in the Government services or in commerce. The main crops are coconuts, bananas, kumalas, yams, taro, cassava, groundnuts, maize, watermelons and pineapples. N |