nies of militia, and the colony now is, or soon will be, fully able to defend itself against any invasion of the neighboring tribes-which, at present, however, are peaceable; and the petty kings appear quite pleased with the improvements that are making in their neighborhood. It may, nevertheless, so turn out that the march of civilization will overcome their barbarous power, and revolutionize the whole policy MANUFACTORIES. In Jersey city, opposite New and polity of their kingdoms and states. It is very York, a company, with $200,000 capital, have estab-possible that, in 15 or 20 years, the commerce of lished extensive glass works. About one hundred per- Liberia will employ a greater amount of American sons are fully employed in them. Adjoining those tonnage than is now employed in the trade carriedworks is a porcelain factory,with a capital of $100,000, on with all the northern powers of Europe, to whom employing about the same number of work-people. we send ministers and agents, and of whose favor A short distance therefrom is a carpet manufactory, and proceedings we are so jealous, because of that with a capital of $400,000, employing 100 hands.trade. These three establishments probably give subsistence to about one thousand persons. They all are in a THE CONSTITUTION! On the 27th Feb. 1816, the flourishing condition, and the wares and carpets following resolution passed the Virginia house of demade by them are of excellent qualities. The car- legates "That the executive be requested to obtain pet factory turns out about 2,500 yards per week, the co-operation of the senators and representatives which finds a preference over the foreign ingrain in congress from this state, for the purpose of engaging carpeting, and a ready market. The yarn is spun the aid of the general government in effecting the said at the Little Falls, at which factory, also, the con-communication"—that is, "between the waters of the cern employs about one hundred hands. Such are James and Ohio rivers." among the fearful effects of the tariff, that this ma- On the 16th Dec. 1816, the governor of Virginia nufactory has considerably reduced the price of car- communicated to the house of delegates a recommenpets, is general, being fully able to compete with fo-dation of the board of public works, which contained reigners in the market. the following paragraph:

Intelligencer," referring to the tradition handed down, and others. There are two well disciplined compa to the Florida Indians, (see page 260), thinks that it relates to the history of Isaac and his sons, Esau and Jacob, recorded in the book of Genesis-and, indeed, there is a strong resemblance between them. It is not worth while to re-print the paragraph-those who are curious about the matter, will refer to it in the last number.

"There are several objects within the scope of the system devised by the general assembly, for the improvement of the interior of Virginia, which, in the present state of her wealth and population, it is beyond the reach of her unassisted ability to accomplish; but which, being equally interesting to her sister states, and to the government of the United States, it may not be improper to further by their co-operation." [When this recommendation was adopted by the

attorney general, the treasurer of the commonwealth, members ex officiis, and the following gentlemen annually appointed by the legislature-Messrs. Alexander Sinyth, Lewis Summers, John Stokely, Charles F. Mercer, William J. Lewis, Littleton W. Tazewell, and John Mercer.]

And on the 22d, Feb. 1817, the following resolution passed both houses of the general assembly of Virginia.

THE AFRICAN COLONY. We have a large body of interesting papers and facts relative to this colony, which is rapidly rising into importance-and all shall be published in a regular and connected order before long, for the public information. It is quite evident now-or, at least, highly probable, that we may build up a powerful people on the western coast of that benighted quarter of the world, who shall extend their settlements into the interior, as we our-board, the members present were, the governor, the selves have done, and command the native tribes as we do; and thereby spread light and knowledge, civilization and religion, even along the yet unknown shores of the mysterious Niger, and totally break up at least the external trade in slaves; but without much, if any, sensible effect to decrease our own colored population. However, it will be a great thing to have a spot provided to which our free blacks may proceed with an assurance that their industry will be crowned with prosperity and peace, and where their children will have a country and a home-nor will it be less interesting because of the opportunity which it may continually offer to liberal and humane per sons, who would gladly emancipate their slaves, if convinced that their condition would be benefitted. We always approved of this project, for it is, indeed, a humane one, though we questioned its efficiency to accomplish the grand first purpose proposed-but it is not a little remarkable that some who were enthusiasts in it, and sought the aid of the general government to support it, as an outlet for our free colored population, seem disposed to abandon it as if because of its success, and to have found out that it is unconstitu fional for the United States to take any part in the proceeding!

The colonists are healthy and rapidly increasingthe bounds of the colony have been extended, and already the village of Monrovia is a place of considerable trade-many coasting and other vessels arriving and departing; and there is a growing intercourse with the interior The people are diligent and orderly, and apparently sensible of the blessings that must flow upon those of their own color, as well as on themselves, by the success of the measures now in progress to build up a new nation of enlightened blacks. Education is well attended to, and all persons are taught that they may be useful to themselves

Resolved by the general assembly, That the executive be, and they are hereby requested, in pursuance of the recommendation of the board of public works, to open a correspondence with the governments of the United States, and of the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, for the purpose of obtaining their co operation, in effecting an extension of the national road from the Ohio to Fort Cumberland, as far as Winchester; and uniting, by a short and improved portage, the navigable waters of the Great Kenawha with those of James river."

Now, look at the resolutions passed at the late session of the same general assembly, an opposition to which was a sort of treason against the now prevailing politics of the state! See present vol. page 38.

Resolved, that the congress of the United States does not possess the power, under the constitution, to adopt a general system of internal improvement in the states, as a national measure.

"Resolved, That the appropriation of money, by the congress of the United States, to construct roads and canals in the state, is a violation of the constitution.”

So that what was proper-what had been sanctioned by the two succeeding legislatures of 1816 and 1817, has become improper, and run into a "violation of the constitution." Hence it is manifest that either the opinion of persons in Virginia, or the constitution

The present administration have appointed four in one year. Two of the four appointed by the present presi-even he could not disaffect the population of Misdent, are the secretaries of state and war.

er of the government is intended to be displayed, as the Indians in those parts have no knowledge of, and but little belief in, our strength; and for this object, the disposable force at Fort Brady, at the Saut of St. Marie, has been put in requisition to accompany the commissioners and to co-operate with them. It is intended, we learn, to demand the surrender of the murderers of some of our citizens, who had been given up, but afterwards broke jail at Michilimacinac, and took refuge among their people, and in the fastnesses of their lake and forest home. This measure is deemed to be the more important, as owing no doubt, to the security which has so far followed their escape, an entire family has been recently murdered near Prairie du Chien.

ed on by the house before any of the other business was called up. Independent of reports of committees, which were made the order of the day, that committee made out a list of about 177 bills, which were to bave priority. Of these 177 bills, about 60 are left untouched: exclusive of which, we believe, there are about 20 bills from the senate. The committee recommended that all the business in the four first classes should be "disposed of this session." About 40 bills, in these classes, remain unacted on. It is true these bills have priority in the orders of the day for the next session, but, as that session has a constitutional limit, and, as all the great measures of this session, will, if acted on at all, be taken up at the next session, de novo, and discussed over again, The effects of such an expedition, properly con- there is but little chance that the application and ducted, cannot but prove useful as a shield against good management of the second session of this confuture aggressions of the sort, besides the acquies-gress can redeem the indisposition to business and ence of entire tribes, not present, or represented only unskilful management exhibited in the first. partially at Prairie Du Chien, in the pacification assented to by the general council at that place last year. We hope the commissioners may succeed in establishing the peace of that frontier, and in establishing permanent useful regulations for the control and welfare of those tribes, and the security of our citizens.

We learn also, that governors Cass and Ray, and general Tipton, have been appointed joint commissioners to treat with the Indians in Indiana; and that general Wm. Clark, general Thos. Hinds, and general John Coffee, have been appointed to negotiate treaties with the Chickasaws and Choctaws.

Appropriations for all those objects were made by the congress at the close of the late session.

THE NORTH WEST. The following is contained in a letter to the editor of the Detroit Gazette, from a gentleman at the Saut de St. Marie, dated April 19th. The ground is still covered with more than two feet of snow, and the river fast held in the embraces of winter. During the winter the weather has been incredibly severe-though the extreme of cold as indicated by spirits of wine, was but 36 deg. below zero. From a correct register of the depth of snow, taken as it fell, we find an aggregate of seventeen and a half feet, and it is now snowing quite fast.

One of captain Franklin's party, who is the bearer of despatches for the admiralty office, past this post on the second of April, from whom we learn, through the agents of the Hudson's bay company, that captain F. reached the shores of the Arctic sea on the 14th of August, without encountering any of the Esquimaux in descending M'Kenzie's river, they having retired to their glacial habitations still nearer the magnetic pole. After remaining two days on the coast, the party returned to Bear lake, where arrangements had been made for their winter residence by the Hudson bay company, at which place the bearer of despatches left them on the 6th September. Dr. Richardson had in the mean time been in search of the cupper mountain, alluded to in the printed journal.

It is to be hoped that the severity of the weather Will not prevent an early movement of the party this spring. We bave reason to believe that the rigor of their winter has been increased in a ratio corresponding to the r latitude, from the number of rein deer that have been seen in this quarter, which would have taken place only in consequence of unusual difficulties in subsisting themselves in a region still more inhospitable than this."

CONGRESS. Some weeks before the conclusion of the session, (says the "National Journal"), it will be remembered that a committee was appointed to sefect the most important measures from the mass of public business, with a view that these should be act-}

MR. LLOYD, of Massachusetts, has resigned his seat in the senate of the United States. Though it has been our misfortune, on several occasions, to stand opposed to the opinions of this exalted statesman, on certain important questions in politics and policy, we have long thought that a more able or more wor thy man-a more useful member, or more accomplished and amiable gentleman, was not to be found in the body to which he belonged, or in any other; and besides, he was well acquainted with the business of the nation, and as willing, as he was able, to attend to it. The following letter of resignation has been published

WASHINGTON, May 23, 1926. SIR-In accordance with the intention I had made known to you the last autumn, and the execution of which, was then intermitted at the special request you were pleased to make, I have now the honor to inform you, I hereby resign my seat in the senate of the United States.

A state of health not very firm, and which not haring materially improved, rendering it doubtful if it would be in my power to devote that undivided, and unceasing attention to the many and arduous duties devolving on the official station I have held, in a manner sufficiently useful to the public, or acceptable to myself, have been among the leading inducements for my retiring from a situation alike elevated in itself, and endeared to me by many highly interesting associations.

In communicating this information to the honorable legislature, pray you sir, to accompany it with an expression of the deep and grateful sense I entertain of the honor that has been conferred on me by repeated elections to an office of so much dignity and importance; and also with an aspiration to the Giver of every good gift, that the time-honored, and enlight ened commonwealth of Massachusetts, first among the foremost in the assertion of our rights, and in the struggles of the revolution; and whose foundations were so early and broadly laid, in the intelligence and patriotism of her citizens and the usefulness and equality of her institutions, although shorn by her parental liberality of a large part of her territory, may long be distinguished by love of country, by a fearless independence of opinion, and a marked adherence to her own rights, with a due respect for those of others; and, replete with habits of morality, ample means of education, and a vigorous and successful enterprize and industry, ever be, and remain, a prominent and powerful member of this great and most favored family of republics.

With sentiments of the highest respect for your excellency and the legislature, I have the honor to be, sir, your and their very faithful and obedient servant. JAMES LLOYD.

To his excellency governor Lincoln.

NAPOLEON. Two of Napoleon's most characterisSPOT ON THE SUN. To the editors of the American-tic sayings are recorded in the Novelles Letters Pro- Gentlemen:-There is at present a large spot on the venciales, lately published: disc of the sun near its western verge, which may be 1. "On ne rend pas les hommes heure ux par des seen very plainly by a telescope of moderate power. mots. Il faut des faits. Le regne des mots n'a cause Not having a micrometer, I have not been able to que trop de maux. Il est fini." Men are not ren-measure its size, but judging from the eye, I should dered happy by words. Deeds are necessary. The reign of words has caused but too many evils. It is

over.

2. "Il faut gouverner les hommes avec une main de fer couverte d'un gant de vulours." Mankind must be governed with a hand of iron covered with a glove of velvet.

THE AMERICAN MINING COMPANIES, which were all "the go" in England a short time since, have pretty generally exploded, and it will be many years before as much of the precious metals is extracted from these mines as has been sent away to work them. Shares in the Real del Monte mines, which sold, at one time, at a premium of 1500l. were lately disposed of I at 40 per cent, discount, and others at one half of the money actually paid into the joint stock, with all the advantage of filling up the shares!

NEWS-NEWS-NEWS. The following quotation from Madame de Stael has just caught our eye in the National Gazette:

reckon its length to be equal to about one thirtieth of the sun's diameter.

The coincidence between the appearance of such spots, and seasons of extraordinary dryness and warmth, as was the case last summer, has been so often remarked as to induce the suspicion that they may be, in some measure, dependent on the same cause. Whither this be the case or not, the subject is certainly of sufficient interest, to render desirable a more exact series of observations than has as yet been made, to either confirm or overthrow the hypotheses that have been proposed. WM. HOWARD. June 10th.

Another correspondent of the same paper says-beg leave to refer your respectable correspondent on the subject of spots on the sun, to the memorable year 1816, when more spots were observed on the sun's disc than have been recorded, either before or since. No man living recollects so cold a summer. We had frost in every month; and in England, in consequence of the continued coldness of the weather, the failure of the harvest was most disastrous. That year should also be taken into consideration in establishing any hypotheses regarding the effects of spots on the sun. The great astronomer, Herschell, has asserted that by a proper attention to the spots on the sun, the price of grain might almost be foretold in England. H.

"I was accidentally at the office in Downing street, when a diplomatist, recently arrived in England, and quite fresh from the school at Ratisbon, came to ask lord Castlereagh if he had received any news? News!" answered his lordship; "yes, certainly, and very important news; here is the second edition of the Courier just published; read it, and you will know all know." Never in my life shall I forget the coun- THE CONESTOGA. From the American. The imtenance of the diplomatist, stupified at being ac-portant work of rendering the river Conestoga naquainted, in such a simple manner, with what was to vigable, by means of locks and dams, from the city De known by all the world. "What!" his looks seem- of Lancaster to the Susquehanna river, is prosecuting ed to say, "not a note, not a memorandum, nothing with a steady industry which promises its comple official, only a newspaper to send to my court? Ition within the period at first contemplated. In this shall neither have the honor of secrecy nor the plea-improvement the city of Baltimore has as deep an insure of indiscretion."-M. de Stael's letters on Eng-terest as Lancaster-for, by completing the line of Band. communication from the head of the Maryland canal to the mouth of the Conestoga, we shall enjoy the trade of one of the richest and most fertile sections of country in the union.

On which the editors of the National Intelligencer observe-This diplomatist from Ratisbon would be a little more astonished still, were he to be landed, in the United States, as a foreign minister, and par ticularly during a session of congress. The office of resident foreign minister here is in reality little more than a sinecure, so open and unreserved are the disclosures made by the executive to congress, either spontaneously or on the cail of one or the other house. Nothing is left to conjecture or to inference. Remarks to this effect were made during the late session of congress, on the occasion of the publication of what are called the Panama duments, the disclosures therein having been the fullest ever made even in this government."

It is quite certain that we publish a great deal too much. We will agree, most assuredly, that nothing important should be permanently kept from the knowledge of the people-and that every officer or agent of the United States should be held respo si ble for all his proceedings; but, while a negotiation or any other matter is in a progressive state, we hold it neither expedient or proper, in public or private affairs, always to give particulars: they may expose the views of others unnecessarily and unfairly, perhaps, and prove detrimental to ourselves on that account. However, it is better to publish too much than not enough, and our error is on the right side: still it is an error. But may "calls for information" be refused? It is a delicate thing to say "no" when gentlemen seek knowledge to guide them in their public duties; and thus the bureaus of the departments are exposed to the public view on every occasion.

The Lancaster papers inform us that on Saturday afternoon, the canal pleasure boat, the Edward Coles man, was launched into the Conestoga, in the presence of a large number of citizens who had assembled to view this novel spectacle. Her deck is 70 feet in length by 12 feet beam; her structure is light and beautiful, and the style in which she will be fitted up,' will render her one of the most convenient and tasty boats in the United States.

MARINE COURT AT NEW YORK. The following statement, of ungrateful behaviour, says the N. Y. Com, mercial Advertiser, we think, merits a passing remark, and we cannot but think that the fine of the marine court was improper, and setting a bad example. A man thus rescued from a watery grave, who could refuse to do duty on board the ship in which his life is saved, deserves, at least, a flogging:-

Ingratitude. In the night, on the 28th of April, lat. 47 30, N. long 28, W. I fell in with the English brig Skipsey, from London, bound to Merimachie, in a sinking condition; lay by her until day light, when I took on board the captain, officers and crew, and brought them to this port. After they had been on board two days, I thought it necessary that they should assist in navigating the ship, which three of the crew refused, and were very abusive to the othcers and myself during three days, when two went to their duty, but the other still continued to refuse. I called him abaft, tried to persuade him to go to his

duty, but he was very abusive. I then ordered my mates to tie him up in the rigging, and give him 19 lashes with a piece of hand-lead-line. On my arrival in New York, I, with my mates, were brought before the marine court, and fined $50, and costs of court, which was nearly 50 more.

WM. MOISON, master of the ship Isaac Hicks, from Liverpool. When the case was made known to the British consul, he addressed the following letter to captain Moison, dated "British consulate, New York, 5th June, 1826:-

kept in readiness for the purpose of towing vessels. A packet boat plies between Vergennes and the mouth of the creek, where a house of public entertainment has been erected, and store-houses and other conveniences for the deposit of merchandise.

NEW YORK. The Black Rock Gazette of the 1st instant, says, the breach in the pier at that place will be repaired in about ten days; which will be effected by sinking strong new piers on the inside of, and resting against and upon the old ones, by which the base will be doubled in width, and the recurrence of a similar accident prevented.

Str:-I regret you should have met so ungrateful a return for your successful and humane efforts in sav- Ninety-two stages leave Utica in a week! besides ing the lives of the master and crew of the British packet-boats-It it thought that 90,000 persons pass brig Skipsey. Your generous conduct in not requir-through this village in the course of a year! The ing remuneration for the support you afforded the business on the canal is one third greater than it was crew so long on board your ship, as also the terms in last year! which capt. Ried spoke to me of your uniform sympathy and kindness, demands from me this public expression of my thanks.

NEW JERSEY. An extensive fire was raging in this state a few days ago, and, perhaps, yet is. It The fine and costs to which you have been sub-commenced in the woods about thirty miles S. E. of jected, by the ungrateful and scandalous conduct of one of the crew whose life you saved, I feel it my duty to discharge, assuring you of the just feelings of respect your conduct calls forth.

JAMES BUCHANAN.

I remain, sir, your obedient servant,
Mr. Wm. Moison,

Capt. of the Isaac Hicks, of New-York. MASSACHUSETTS. Mr. Lincoln, re-elected governor, had 27.884 votes out of 39,992, all that were given. The legislature is in session. The speaker of the honse was unanimously chosen, and the president of the senate by a great majority.

Philadelphia, and had spread to within a few miles of the sea, and covered more than 45,000 acres. More than 8000 cords of cut wood, besides timber of every description, and many cattle, were destroyed.

PENNSYLVANIA. A short time since, three thousand cords of wood were destroyed at Mount Etna ironworks in Huntingdon, (Penn.) by the accidental breaking out of fire from a coal pit.

Wine of an excellent quality, manufactured from grapes in the borough of Strasburg, Lancaster County, Penn. is offered for sale in Philadelphia, at $1 33 per gallon.

The Pennsylvania canal loan of $300,000 has been obtained from the Philadelphia bank and the Farmers and Mechanics bank of Philadelphia, at five per cent. interest and at a premium of 2 and 5-8 per cent. or

There are seven men still living at Barnstable who were in actual service in the war of '76, fifty years ago. A large bed of pure white clay has been discover-$2.62 cents for every $100 stock. ed on the farm of capt Luce, at Martha's Vineyard. Such a material was long sought for in this country, without success. It has been considered the principal or only thing necessary to enable us to make ware as fine as that of Europe and China. It is hoped that our chemists, glass manufacturers and potters, will make immediate experiments on this material, and ascertain its qualities and to what uses it is peculiarly applicable. A sample of the clay may be seen at the Merchants' hall.-Pallad.

It is stated that the tolls collected by the Schuylkill navigation company, have amounted to as much as $7000 in one month, during the present season.

Mr. Nathaniel Silsbee had 21 votes, Mr. Webster 9, and all other persons 9, in the senate, of this state, as the successor of Mr. Lloyd, (resigned) in the sepate of the United States. Mr. Mills, the other senator from Massachusetts, it is thought, will be reelected

[In the house of representatives, on the 3d ballot, Mr. Silsbee had 112, Mr. Webster 73, and there were 18 scattering. So Mr. S. is elected a senator of the United States.]

CONNECTICUT. The legislature adjourned on the 2d inst. An act was passed to exempt females from being imprisoned for debt. An act to establish a state hospital, an act for the improvement of the navigation of the Connecticut river, and an act repealing the charter of the Derby bank, were also passed. David Daggett, (formerly a senator of the United States,) was appointed a judge of the supreme court.

VERMONT. The navigation of Otter Creek, to the falls at Vergennes, is now, in consequence of late improvements, effected by vessels of any burthen, in two or three hours, which formerly took as many days. This change has been made by constructing a road upon the eastern bank of the stream, a distance of about eight miles, and teams are always

VIRGINIA. The works executed at Danville, "by the Roanoke Navigation company, are of great im portance. The canal from the Guard Lock, at the upper extremity, to the lock at the basin, is 1200 yards in length, averages 22 feet in width, and 4 feet in depth; the canal empties into a basin which is sufficiently large to contain from 40 to 50 boats of the ordinary size; from the basin to the river, 530 feet, the boats are conducted through three locks and two reservoirs-the locks are 80 feet in length, 10 feet wide, with an average lift of 7 feet; the reservoirs are about 20 feet wide, one of them is 130 feet long, and the other 160. From the Guard Lock at the upper extremity of the canal, there is a dam extending 450 yards nearly in a line with the canal, and, with the exception of $0 feet, extends from bank to bank, and a few hours work would fill it up, if necessary. These works are completed, and the hands employed on them were about to commence the sluicing operation above Danville. They will complete the navigation to the upper end of the Long Shoals.

NORTH CAROLINA. The Fayetteville Journal states that, of the 48 members who compose the senate of the United States, no less than eight are North Caro linians, who were born, educated and commenced life in that state; and amongst them are some of the most conspicuous of the body: Mr. Macon and gov. Branch, from North Carolina; gov. Pickens and col. King, from Alabama; judge White and Mr. Eaton, from Tennessee; col. Benton, from Missouri, and Mr. Williams, from Mississippi, are the eight referred to.