The great canal bill has passed both houses and become a law. It appropriates a million and a half to the Chesapeake and Ohio canal-the cross cut to Baltimore-and thence to York Haven, on the Susquehannah:-that is, five hundred thousand dollars to each:-and two hundred thousand dollars to the im, provement of the rivers and low-lands of the easternshore. The grants, however, are conditional. VIRGINIA. A few days since, the following preamble and resolutions were reported to the house of delegates of this state, by Mr. Dromgoole, the chairman of the select committee, to whom the subject had been referred. It was agreed, on the 1st instant, 111 against 69, to take them up. The report was then read as follows: The committee, to whom was referred so much of the governor's communication as relates to the act of congress, "imposing additional duties on foreign articles, for the promotion of American manufactures," and to those "acts directing surveys of routes for roads and canals, preparatory to a general system of internal improvement," have bestowed upon the subject the consideration which its importance demands, and submit the following report: The first resolution was then amended on motion, by inserting, at the end thereof, the words "and it is highly oppressive and partial in its operation," and the question returning upon the adoption thereof, as amended, was determined in the afirmative; ayes 138, noes 23. The second resolution was passed 128 to 24; the 3rd, 127 to 26; and the preamble and resolutions generally, adopted by 120 to 27. In the seuate, the passage of the resolutions was After debate, a proposition more closely contested. The second was adopted to strike out the first resolution, being rejected, it was agreed to, ayes 12, noes 9. 15 to 6. Mr. C. Johnson then moved to amend the 3rd resoJution, so as to read, that congress had not power to appropriate money, "with a view to such general system of internal improvement."* This amendment prevailed-ayes 11, noes 10. It was then adopted 15 to 6. If the constitution of the United States is to be made dependent on the resolutions of the state of Virginia, or on those of any other state, no one will be able to give a probable guess as to what it is, unless governed by the newest fashion that persons may It will be "This general assembly having carefully reviewed be pleased to give to a construction of it. the resolutions of the session of 1798, and the report less comprehensible than that of Maryland, and as In the In support of them of 1799, and deeming the compact, dark as that of England; the creature of fluctuating on which they are a commentary, as unchanged in opinions, without any regard to its own language or the powers which it delegates to the general govern- the usage that followed its establishment. nent, and the rights which are reserved to the states, late sessions of their legislatures, Maryland and doth now. again "most solemnly declare a warm several other states, have, directly or indirectly, deattachment to the union of the states, to maintain cided, that congress has power to adopt a system of which it pledges all its powers; and that, for this end, internal improvement, and Virginia and South CaroIt is their duty to watch over and oppose every infrac-lina have declared that congress does not possess that tion of those principles which constitute the only power. What is to be done? Fight?-no: we will basis of that union, because a faithful observance of reason! them can alone secure its existence, and the public happiness:""And doth further explicitly and peremptorily declare, that it views the powers of the federal government, "as resulting from the compact, to which the states are parties; as limited by the plam sense and intention of the instrument constituting that compact; as no farther valid than they are authorized by the grants enumerated in that compact; and that, in case of a deliberate, palpable and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted by the said compact, the states, who are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of the evil, and for main taining, within their respective limits, the authorities, Tights and liberties appertaining to them." In the opinion of this general assembly, the principles here asserted, and the reasoning contained in the said report, apply, with full force, against the powers assumed by congress, in the act imposing additional duties on foreign articles for the promotion of American manufactures, and the acts directing surveys of routes, for roads and canals, preparatory to a general system of internal improvement: Be it, therefore, 1 "1. Resolved, That the imposition of taxes and duties by the congress of the United States, for the purpose of protecting and encouraging domestic manufuctures, is an unconstitutional exercise of power. 2. Resolved, That the congress of the U. States does not possess the power, under the constitution, to adopt a general system of internal improvement in the states, as a national measure. "3. Resolved, That the appropriation of money by the congress of the United States, to construct roads and canals in the states, is a violation of the constitution." A resolution was offered declaring it inexpedient to act on the preamble at this time-rejected. For it 68, against it 118. But further-the first congress of the United States, which contained many of those who, as members of the convention, had greatly assisted in framing the constitution, presumed there was a right to impose taxes for the "encouragement of manufactures," because, when the tariff was first established, they as signed that encouragement as one of the reasons why it should be established, and this reason is recited in the title of the act! It was also thought that congress possessed a right to "protect commerce" by expending the public money, and the first act relating to the navy is called an act for the protection of commerce." The making of the "Cumberland road," at the cost of the United States, was long since assented to and ap proved of, even by Virginia; whose constitutional soil it passes over, and, of course, pollutes, in the new fashioned notions of things: and it seems that in December, 1808, the legislature of Virginia asked the aid of the general government to cut a canal from Elizabeth river to Currituck sound! It is well observed that roads and canals were "all the go," in Virginia, while Mr. Jefferson was president of the United States. The power to make them was no fully disputed in Mr. Madison's administration, but cou tested severely in Mr. Monroe's, and absolutely deni ed in that of Mr. Adams! This shows that certain poliing to their love of the man who happens to be preticians grow wiser, on constituuonal points, accordsident! Jefferson was approved, Madison doubled, Monroe contested, and Adams is resisted, for doin or recommending the very same things! Besides, the present interpreters of the constitution know a great deal more of its bearings than those who made it-for they, when they laid discriminatory duties on *This amendment, by the senate, was considered in the house of delegates "as giving up the question," and disagreed to. The senate, however, receded from it, and the resolutions were passed as originally report ed, or amended, 12 to 8. toonage, to protect our navigation, or such duties on against it. The "Richmond Whig," though it fully goods imported in foreign vessels to protect our com- falls into the opinion, that internal improvements or merce, or duties in general as well to raise revenue a protective tariff cannot be constitutionally acted upas "encourage manufactures," (one being embraced on by congress, says-"threats of denunciation were in the title of the act as well as the other), never held over the heads of all who would not take down thought that such things were unconstitutional. In the resolutions-that the slightest dissent to or devirapidly running over Lloyd's debates of the first con- ation from any one of the propositions was not admitgress, we do not once meet with a suggestion that ted-it was declared to be a second '98, and the either of these measures were thought so; though honors of the commonwealth were hereafter to be **the oppression of the many for the benefit of a few" withheld or distributed, according to the opinions of was as freely talked of then as it is now. And, though men on these resolutions," &c. "This is the worst never thought to be such until recently (and, shall we species of tyranny. How far these threats operated, Say, because of the density and power of the popula- we do not choose to say-farther, however, than was tion that they raise up?) let the advocates of the new creditable, either to the side which employed, or to construction come forward and tell us why and how the side which was alarmed by them. We object to it is, that we may keep up a squadron in the Mediter- this funnelling system, as incompatible with the freeranean sea, at the expense of pretty nearly a mildom of thought and of action." lion of dollars a year, to defend commerce abroad,* The "Whig" also says that these resolutions are to although we cannot give one cent to assist in mak-be the "new political testament"-and that if any ing a road or canal to promote commerce at home. hope to be saved, they must not doubt the orthodoxy May we give convey by public vessels, and author ize their commanders to fire upon any who shall in- tion to the tariff have preferred a course of proccedof them. The editors of that paper would, in relaterrupt the transportation of our commodities on the ings by which the tariff should be modified or openly ocean, and not do any thing to facilitate or secure resisted"-saying that "whether it is constitutional the transportation of the same commodities from our or unconstitutional, it is ruining our country and own interior to our own sea ports? The navigation making us slaves to northern interests-and that the of the Ohio river is more dangerous on account of same justice which authorized our separation from snags," &c. than is that of the Mediterranean on England, will equally justify our resisting this domesaccount of the Barbary powers, and the property tic tyranny." that is annually hazarded in the navigation of the tions, even to the point urged, might have been passThis is strange language, and resoluOhio, is a great many times more valuable than thated, perhaps—but in what and how the tariff is ruining hazarded in the Mediterranean. How is it unconsti- any part of our country, we have yet to learn. The tutional to protect property ascending or descending price of commodities has not been affected by it, anthe Ohio by removing the snags, and constitutional to defend property floating in the sea just named, by restraining the pirates? Will Mr. Ritchie meet this point? At a season of more leisure than the present, I hope that he will; for it seems, that he must either abandon the new school polities, or condemn the whole system of protection, and shew that the "general welfare" of the people of these United States" rests in a want of power in the general government to preserve itself or defend them! But we have a hundred times asked, why property vested in SHIPS may be constitutionally protected, and other property vested in MILLS may not be. If there are any privileged classes in the east or in the south, it is time that we should know how they were created, and wherefore they exist? A manly discussion on this subject, without eel-ings or anger, and with a desire to ascertain truth, cannot be otherwise than beneficial at the present, time. The protective power of the general government by the enactment of laws, we apprehend to be as clear as that there is a protective power by arms;; indeed, the last exists through the first-and, if there is such power to protect any one branch of the national industry, there must needs be a like power to protect any and every other. In respect to these resolutions, we learn, by the "Winchester Republican," that of the committee of fourteen, who reported them, only one was a western member, though the western district is by far the largest and most populous portion of the state. The same paper also says, that the Virginia delegation in congress, stands 10 in favor of the construction of the constitution, as claimed by congress, and 11 less to be reduced, and why there is ruin in the law, we cannot tell. But this is not a matter for discuss sion just now. If the fact stated is made manifest, however, we promise to lend the little assistance that we can, to bring about a modification of the tariff law. The following gentlemen have been appointed to constitute the board of public works of the state of Virginia: James McLaughlin, Andrew Russell, John MaCoy, Charles A. Stuart, Hiram L. Opie, Samuel Pannill, William Ellzey, John H. Cocke, George Newton, and John Roane. KENTUCKY The Frankfort "Commentator" says president Holley, we regret to learn, has given official notice to the board of trustees of the Transylvania university in Kentucky, that he will resign his office at the end of the present session. The board has, we understand, by a unanimous vote, requested him to remain at least one year more. But he declines the invitation. [Mr. Holley has accepted the presidency of the university of Louisiana. The state of parties in Kentucky, we suppose, has been one chief cause of his removal.] *This fact is strongly corroborated by the vote taken in the house of representatives, on Saturday last, when the bill to appropriate money for completing the Dismal Swamp canal was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. The following gentlemen voted for the bill-Messrs. Armstrong, Barbour, Davenport, Estill, Mercer, Newton, Powell and Taliaferro, 8; against it-Messrs. Alexander, Bassett, We have besides, a squadron in the West Indies, Claiborne, Crump, McCoy, Taylor and Trezvant, 7; another in the Pacific, and it is now proposed to have absent Messrs, Archer, Floyd, Garnett, Jos. Johnson, one in the South Atlantic, at the additional cost of Rives, Smith and Stevenson-7. And on the constitu350,000 dollars a year, to protect our commerce in that tional point, made about granting a township of land quarter, on account of the war between Brazil and for the benefit of the deaf and dumb asylum in KenBuenos Ayres! It ought to be protected-though the tucky, 9 of the Virginia delegates was for it, 8 against profits of the whole commerce interested may not it, 5 absent. And this result in the very face of the amount to half the sum expended, as is the case with resolutions so freshly passed. See the article headthe defence of our trade in the Mediterranean. led "Internal Improvement," page 35.] The rrency of this state was lately purified by burning 300,000 dollars in paper, of the Bank of the Commonwealth. A great West India house was among the failures; many more dealers in cotton have also stopped, yet the general state of things was rather improving→ but money was excessively "scarce." NORTH CAROLINA. Though, in this state, neither France. The hospital at the Salpetriere, at Paris, Roman catholics or Jews are constitutionally entitled is a most extensive establishment. The kitchen conto a seat in the legislature, yet it is said that several tains four boilers, each of which will hold two oxen, of the latter have actually served therein, and held and convert them into soup. They are calculated many important offices, without molestation! The to contain 1200 pounds of meat each. The extent spirit of the age is against such illiberal and un- of the wardrobe may be estimated from the following christian regulations-but why not obliterate them specimens of the lingerie, or store room for clean from the constitution? How can persons, pledged linen, which contains 38,000 sheets, 19,500 pillow to support it, over-look the appointment of others cases, 29,000 women's neckerchiefs, 22,000 night disqualified by it to serve? caps, &c. Some rich veins of gold have recently been discovered, and an improved method of washing the earth has been adopted-yet it is probable that the laborers in the ne, seduced by hopes of drawing a prize, might be far more profitably employed in other occupations The adjutant general of North Carolina reports returns of 61,026 infantry, 645 cavalry, and 127 artillery, of the militia of this state-increase since last year, 3.417. The returns are partial and incomplete and the want of punctuality is much complained of. Several defects in the law are suggested. The public arms of the state are in good order-but the amount is not stated. SOUTH CAROLINA A Mr. Mitchell, who appears to have been a very worthy gentleman, lately died in this state, and, a few days after, his body was burnt in an iron coffin, which he had provided more than twenty years before for the purpose. GEORGIA. A ship lately sailed from Savannah that had on board 2100 bales of cotton, weighing 652,262 Ibs. said to be the largest cargo that ever left that port. Spain. The king has established a grand council of state, for the despatch of public business. In gen. Quiroga's house at Betanzas, in Galicia, the sword of honor which was decreed to him by the cortes for his conduct while in the isle of Leon, has recently been seized. This sword was destroyed publicly by the hand of an executioner, and afterwards thrown into the water, in presence of an immense concourse of people. [What a mighty deed was this!] Greece. Ibrahim has summoned the garrison of Missolonghi to surrender, and offered favorable terms. They answered that the terms of capitulation should be discussed when he was under their walls! This reply was worthy of the best days of old Greece. The opinion is given that the fortress will not be taken, at least at present. The Greeks are making extraordinary efforts to defend themselves: 17,000 men had been assembled at Argos to march against the Egyptians; and Nicetas, called the "Turk eater," had 5000 in the defile of Corinth. Colocotroni, was greatly exerting himself. The Pacha of Salonichi, having found out that the sultan wanted his head, is said to have resolved to keep it a little longer on his own shoulders, by FLORIDA The population of Tallahasse is supsetting up for himself, having revolted. The Ausposed to be about 500! Preparations are making for the erection of several excellent buildings; among them a state house, the corner stone of which has been laid with masonic ceremonies. From a report laid before congress, relative to the survey of a road in Florida, from St. Augustine to the cape, we take the following paragraph: "The report of colonel Gadsden represents the country south of St. Augustine as alluvial, and formed by continual encroachments on the sea, and the whole country south of the Moschetto, as affording but feeble allurements to an agricultural population; the only soil fit for cultivation being on the margins of rivers and inlets The St. Lucie is said to be beyond the ultimate limit of population on the Atlantic border " [The St. Lucie river is about 189 miles from St. Augustine, and two-thirds of the distance to cape Florida.] FOREIGN NEWS. Great Britain and Ireland. The report that the Greeks wrecked on the island of Guernsey were plundered by the inhabitants, appears to have been a base fabrication. Capt. Miaulis, son of the admiral, has publicly thanked them for their generosity and kindness. Imitation Leghorn hats are now extensively manufactured in Ireland, and of a very superior quality The consumption of this costly article of female dress is increasing. (Large quantities of these hats are made at Ithaca, N. Y. The grass used is said to be preferable to the Tuscan wheat.) trians are deeply engaged in the transport of Grecian women and children as slaves to Egypt-but Austria is one of the "holy ones" and protests against the slavery of the blacks! It is proudly stated in the Paris papers, that not one French flag is to be found in the service of the barbarians. There are two reports that the Greeks have obtained some advantages at sea; that they burnt one frigate and two corvettes, and captured six transports That the commanders of the Egyptian vessels may fight valiantly, it is stated that Ibrahim has placed a man on board each, with orders to cut off the head of the captain, if he fails in his duty; but what if the man so placed, fails in his duty, also? It is said that, from jealousy of the Egyptians, the Turkish government has offered to treat with the Greeks, and allow them liberal terms. They apprehended that Ibrahim, if successful, would take the Morea to himself, to pay for the conquest of it! These things are perfectly consistent with Turkish practice. A successful commander always proves an object of suspicion, and prepares to defend himself against his own government! East Indies. Singapore, an island in the straight of Malacca, is a place of free trade, belonging to England, and settled for the purpose of drawing off the trade from Batavia and other Dutch settlements. The British flag was hoisted on the 26th Feb. 1819, and the population of the island did not then exceed 150 persons, about 30 of whom were Chinese; but in 1825, the residents amounted to about 18,000, of whom 3000 were Chinese. Merchants and dealers resorted to the island from all parts, and large ships are built The great bookselling house of Hurst, Robinson in the port. In 1822, the value of the exports and & Co. of London has not failed, as has been report-imports was estimated at 8,568,172 dollars, but in ed. But several great failures had happened, and 1825, at twenty millions! There is a great trade London was very gloomy on the 14th of January. with China, Siam, Cochin China, and the islands. 823, 1550 vessels, native oriental craft, arrived, with 80,000 tons of merchandize. The Chinese are the principal merchants. Colombia. The New York American publishes the following extract of a letter from La Guayra, dated the 2d inst. which will be of interest to those who have been engaged in the Colombian trade, as they are entitled to a return of the extra duties paid in the ports of that country. "In virtue of Mr. Anderson's treaty, American vessels now pay no more duties than Colombian in the ports of Colombia; and, as it has been made manifest to the intendant that, since the 27th of May last, Colombian vessels have paid the same duties in your ports as American vessels, he has decreed a refundment of the discriminating duty exacted here on American vessels since the 27th of May. The tonnage duty on American vessels is of course only one real per ton, and the river duty is not exacted; although this being a municipal regulation, it is contemplated to lay the river duty on Colombian as well as all foreign vessels, with a reduction to a more equitable amount.-Goods introduced in American vessels, pay 74 per ct. less duty than formerly." A British consul general, with consuls at Maracaibo, Carthagena, Santa Martha, Panama and Guayaquil, have been formally acknowledged by the Colombian government. The Colombian fleet was collecting at Carthagena. It is pretty formidable. Brazil. Don Pedro has been acknowledged emperor of Brazil, by his father-in-law, the emperor of Austria. Bermuda. We have already mentioned that a great naval depot was erecting at Bermuda. The chief part of the labor is done by convicts-400 lately left England to assist in this work. LATEST NEWS. Among the list of bankrupts in England, is the name of H. Sheppard, of Frome, Somersetshire, the celebrated cloth manufacturer, who recently lived in an establishment, equal in style and splendor, to the richest of English noblemen. When the Spanish inquisition was overturned a few years ago, and its books were seized upon and submitted to inspection, it was found that in the small province of Murcia, one of the least extensive and populous in Spain, the provincial tribunal of the inquisition had actually instituted no less than seven thousand prosecutions against priests for attempting the seduction of their female penitents. Baden, Jan. 1. They cease not to publish notices more or less curious respecting the bands of brigands of Lucerne. In one of them is the following:-"The notorious Clara Wendal, chieftainess of the band of brigands in eastern and southern Switzerland, is one of the most remarkable phenomena of this kind. She is not more than 20 years old, is endowed with rare mental faculties, and of extraordinary beauty. She is the authoress of 20 murders, 14 conflagrations, and 1,588 robberies." Russian official Papers. The following papers fully shew the circumstances under which Nicholas has ascended the throne of Russia, which, by right of birth, was thought to belong to Constantine. We have annexed a few items relative to the operation and effect of this change. MANIFESTO OF THE EMPEROR NICHOLAS 1. Pelersburg, Dec. 26.-Whereas his imperial highness, the grand duke Constantine, has declared that he will resolutely adhere to his former abdication of the imperial crown, the grand duke Nicholas has, to-day, ascended the throne of the Russian empire, and all the proper authorities, and the different divisions of the army, have taken the oath of fidelity to his imperial majesty. In reference to this important event, the following imperial manifesto has ap From London papers to the 20th January. By these papers we learn that Constantine, at Warsaw, has fully, and with great apparent cheerfulness, acknowledged the sovereignty of his younger bro-peared;ther Nicholas. There is much speculation on the affairs of Russia, and an opinion seems general that many things are yet to be explained. There were reports at Paris and London of the assassination of Nicholas, the pregnancy of the widow of Alexander, and of much display of a revolutionary spirit in Russia; but from what we see, the country was more quiet than could have been expected. MANIFESTO. By the grace of God, Nicholas I. emperor and autocrat of all the Russias. In the grief of our heart, amidst the general pain which oppresses us, our imperial house, and our beloved country, we can only bend before the impenetrable decrees of the Almighty, and we can only seek for strength and consolation with him. It has pleased him to call before him the emperor Alexander I. of glorious during 25 years, was the happiness of Russia and of memory, and we have lost a father, a ruler, who, us. It appears pretty certain, at least the accounts "look straight," that admiral Miaulis has gained a victory over the Turkish fleet, burning one frigate, and capturing, undamaged, the steam boat belonging disastrous event reached us, we hastened, even this When, on the 27th Nov. the information of this to the pacha of Egypt. This will be of vast import- moment of the most acute grief, to fulfil a sacred duanoe to him in the management of his fire-ships. Ibrahim and Yusuf pacha do not appear to be on aty, and, listening only to the dictates of our hearts, good understanding-perhaps jealous of one another. we rendered the oath of fidelity to our elder brother, Ibrahim has been defeated at Elis with the loss of the Cesarowitsch grand duke Constantine, as legiti 500 men. The army of Redschid pacha has been mate heir to the Russian throne in virtue of primomuch weakened by sickness and desertion. Misso- geniture. Scarcely had we discharged this sacred longhi was not invested-the Turks had retired from duty, when we were apprised by the senate that there the place. had been deposited in their hands, on the 15th October, 1823, a letter, with the seal of the deceased Many new failures had taken place in England and emperor, and with the superscription in the own Scotland, and for large amounts. The weather had hand-writing of his imperial majesty: "To be prebeen excessively cold. One of the papers says-served by the senate until my further commands; in Many of the butchers, particularly in the suburbs, where the frost, of course, is felt more severely than in the metropolis, are obliged to keep their shops shut in order to keep out the frost; but many of them also carried the meat into their parlours, and keep it folded up in cloths round the fires, and unfold it as their customers might come in and require it. case of my death, however, this packet is to be opened in an extraordinary sitting, before any other act is proceeded in:" that this most gracious command had been complied with, and the following documents were contained in the packet: 1. A letter of the Cazarowitsch grand duke Constantine, dated 14th January, 1822, addressed to his A married woman named Cane, has been execu- majesty the deceased emperor, by virtue of which ted at Newgate for murdering a man who interfered his imperial highness renounces the succession to the bleween her and her husband when they quarrelled. I throne, belonging to him by primogeniture. 2. A manifesto, dated August 16, 1823, bearing the autograph signature of his imperial majesty, whereby his majesty, after the ratification of the deed of abdication of the Cezarowitsch grand duke Constantipe, establishes, that we, the next in age, are heir to the crown, according to the fundamental, laws of the empire. 2. The answer of his imperial majesty. 3. The manifesto of the deceased emperor, which confirms the abdication of his imperial Eighness, and recognizes us as successor to the throne. 4. The letter of his imperial highness to her majesty the empress, our much beloved mother. 5. The letter of his imperial highness directed to us. We were further informed, that documents of the In conformity with all these documents, and with same tenor had been deposited with the directing senate, with the holy synod, and in the cathedral the fundamental law of the empire regarding the orchurch of the Ascension at Moscow. These infor-der of succession-full of veneration for the impemations could not alter our resolution once taken. netrable decrees of a guiding Providence-we now We observed in these documents only a renunciation ascend the throne of our ancestors, the throne of the of his imperial highness during the life of the empe- empire of all the Russias, as well as the thrones inror and confirmed by the consent of his imperial ma-separabic therefrom-that of the kingdom of Poland, jesty: but we had neither the wish nor the right to con- and the grand duchy of Finland, and comniand-1. sider this abdication, which, when it took place, was That the oath of allegiance be rendered to us and to not proclaimed publicly, and had not received the the heir of our throne, the grand duke Alexander, power of a law as irrevocable. We would manifest by imperial highness, our much beloved son. this our veneration of the first fundamental law of our the period of our ascension to the throne be calcu country, and of the unalterable order of succession, lated from the 19th November, 1825. Finally, we call upon our faithful subjects to join and faithful to the oath we had taken, we insisted that the whole empire should follow our example. us in fervent prayers to the Almighty, that he will Under thess momentous circumstances, it was not grant us strength to bear the burthen he has, in his Our intention to dispute the validity of the resolution Divine Providence, laid upon us, that he may prePronounced by his imperial highness, much less was serve in us the firm resolution to live solely for our it our intention to bring ourselves in opposition to the beloved country, and to tread in the footsteps of the Will of the deceased emperor, our common father monarch whom we now deplore. and benefactor, wich will always remain sacred to 118. We endeavored solely to protect the law, regulating the succession to the throne, from every infringement, to shew the purity of our sentiments, and not to leave our beloved country one single moment in uncertainty resperting its legitimate sovereign. This resolution, taken with a pure conscience, and before God the Almighty, was blessed and approved by her majesty the empress Maria, our much beloved mother. Meanwhile, the mournful account of the decease of his majesty had reached Warsaw, direct from Taganrok on the 25th November, and consequently two days prior to its being received here Firm in his resolution, the Cezarowitsch grand duke Constantine confirmed the same on the following day, by two arts, dated 26th November, and commissioned to our beloved brother, the grand dake Michael, to carry them to us. These acts consisted in: 1. A letter to her majesty the empress, our much beloved mother, in which his imperial highness renews his former resolution, supports it by the copy of a rescript of the deccased emperor. dated the 2d February. 1922, serving as an answer to the art of abdication, and finally renounces solemnly, all his claims to the throre, and recognized the same as transferred to us and our successors according to the appointments contained in the fundamental law of the succession. 2. That May our reign be nothing but a continuation of his, and may we fuifil all the wishes for Russia's happiness, which animated him, whose sacred memory shall preserve in us the endeavor and the hope, to merit the blessings of Heaven, and the love of our people Done in our imperial residence, St. Petersburgh, NICHOLAUS. Letter of his imperial highness the Cesarovritsch grand duke "Most illustrious, &c &c.-Encouraged by the manifold proofs of afiertion of your imperial majesty towards me, I venture once more to claim them, and to lay the following submissive request at your illus trious feet. "As I do not lay claim to the spirit, the abilities, or the strength, which would be required, if I should ever exercise the high dignity to which I may possess a right by birth, I most fervently supplicate your imperial majesty to transfer that right to him who would inherit it after me, and by that act to secure the sta bility of the empire. With respect to myself, I shall add by this abdication, a new warranty and a further power to that obligation, into which I entered voluntarily and solemnly on the occasion of the divorce All the circumstances of my from my first wife. present situation, induce me still more to adopt this measure, which will prove to the empire and the whole world the purity of my sentiments. "May your imperial majesty receive my wish with condescension, may you determine our illustrious mother to accede to it, and to sanction it by your imperial approbation. 2. A letter directed to us, wherein his imperial highress, anew, declares his former resolution, gives for "s the title of imperial majesty, and reserves himself, only the former one of Cezarowitsch, and calls himself the most faithful of our subjects. However decisive these acts were, and although "In the circle of a private life I shall constantly they proved to occular demonstration, that the resolution of his imperial highness was irrevocably fixed,' endeavor to set an example to all your faithful subyet our own sentiment, and the situation of affairs,jects, and all who are animated by a love for our induced us to defer the publication of the aforesaid dear country. "With profound respect, sire, your imperial maacts, until the will of his imperial highness, with reference to the oath taken by us and the whole em-jesty's most loyal subject and brother, pire, should be declared. Whereas we have now also received, on the part of his imperial highness, this last declaration of his will, we communicate the same to our subjects, accompanying it by the following documents: 1. The letter of his imperial highness the Cezarowitsch grand duke Constantine to the deceased emPror Alexander. (Signed) CONSTANTINE CESAROWITSCH. "Petersburgh, 14th Jan. 1822." Answer of his imperial majesty the emperor Alexander. "Very dear brother-I have read your letter with all the attention which it demanded. I have found nothing in it which caused surprise, as I always knew how to estimate the sublime sentiments of your |