THIRD SERIES. No. 6-Vor.. VI.]; BALTIMORE, APRIL 8, 1826. [VOL. XXX. WHOLE No. 760 THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. It is hardly worth while to say to the friends resources, nor by the apprehension of any interrup and readers of this publication, that its chief purpose tion to the general tranquillity. is to collect and preserve official papers and statistical Some of the causes to which this evil must be at facts, and to keep up a living history of events, inte-tributed, lie without the reach of direct parliamentaresting to be known at present, but more useful for ry interposition, nor can security against the recurfuture reference. For three weeks past, our pages rence of them be found, unless in the experience of have been exclusively given up to the insertion of the sufferings which they have occasioned. important papers; and an extra sheet shall speedily be given to bring up those yet in arrear. It is probable, that no volume of the REGISTER published Since the conclusion of the war, is so valuable as the current one will be to statesmen and politicians, and others interested in a knowledge of the things now passing. Room will soon be afforded, and a more miscellaneous appearance be given to our <ects. We are tired of documents, but they must be inserted. The common council of London has voted 1.500, and the earl of Parlington has given a similar sum to reheve the Spitalfields weavers. But to a certain portion of this evil, correctives at least, if not effectual remedies, may be applied; and his majesty relies upon your wisdom to devise such measures as may tend to protect both private and public interests against the like sudden and violent fluctuations, by placing on amore firm foundation the currency and circulating credit of the country. His majesty continues to receive from his allies, and generally, from all foreign princes and states, the strongest assurance of their friendly disposition towards his majesty. His majesty on his part, is constant and unwearied in his endeavors to reconcile conflicting interests, to recommend and cultivate peace both in the old world and in the new. His majesty commands us to inform you, that in pursuance of this policy, his majesty's mediation has been successfully employed in the conclusion of a treaty between the crowns of Portugal and Brazil, by which the relations of friendly intercourse, long interrupted, between two kindred nations, have been restored, and the independence of the Brazillian empire has been formally acknowledged. His majesty loses no opportunity of giving effect Great discontent begins to prevail; incendiary to the principles of trade and navigation, which have writings appear upon the walls, with the most ex- received the sanction of parliament and of establish citing inscriptions, such as-"No trade, no corning them as far as possible, by engagements with foraws-"No trade, no king"-"Bread or blood," eign powers. &c. &c. Serious apprehensions prevail for the pre- His majesty has directed to be laid before you a s.rvation of tranquillity. At Norwich, commotions among the people took which has recently been concluded between his ma copy of a convention, framed on these principles, place on the 1st and 2nd of February, which were jesty and the king of France; and of a similar conrenewed on the 13th, and became somewhat threat-vention with the free Hanseatic cities of Lubec, ecing. The reading of the riot act produced no effect. Bremen and Hamburg. A great fall has taken place in the price of Manhester goods. The heavier fabrics for printing have fallen about a third since last spring, and cambrics and jaconets more than 20 per cent. Mr. Canning has addressed a circular to the British consuls, residing abroad, declaring that the treaty between Great Britain and Brazil, as concluded by sir Charles Stewart, and ratified by the Brazillian emperor, will not receive the sanction of the British government in its present form. Mr. C. says the Treaty was concluded without orders. This treaty, our readers will recollect, makes provision for a final abolition of the Brazillian slave trade. fore you a copy of a treaty of amity, commerce, and His majesty has likewise directed to be laid be navigation, concluded between his majesty and the been excharged since the close of the last session. republic of Colombia, the ratifications of which have For the carrying into effect some of the stipulations of this treaty, his majesty will have need of your assistance. His majesty regrets that he has not to announce to you the termination of hostilities in India; but the operations of the last campaign, through the bravery of the forees of his majesty, and of the East India Parliament was opened on the 2nd of February. commanders, have been attended with uniform suc company, and the skill and perseverance of their The lord chancellor, owing to continued indisposi-cess, and his majesty trusts that a continuance of the tion, was unable to attend, and it was considered a re-same exertions may lead, at no distant period, to an markable and uncommon event that neither the king honorable and satisfactory pacification. nor the chancellor was present at the commercement of the session. My Lords and gentlemen: His majesty's attention has been directed to the consideration of several measures, recommended in We are commanded by his majesty to inform you, the last session of parliament, for improving the conthat his majesty has seen with regret the embarrass-dition of Ireland. ment which has occurred in the pecuniary concerns The industry of that part of the United Kingdom, of the country, since the close of the last session of his majesty has the satisfaction of acquainting you, is parliament. This embarrassment did not arise from any politieal events, either at home or abroad; it was not pro duced by any unexpected demand upon the publto You: XXX-7. in a course of gradual and general advancement-an advancement mainly to be attributed to that state of tranquillity which now happily prevails throughout all the provinces of Ireland. Gentlemen of the house of commons. per states that murders, abductions, malicious burnHis majesty has directed the estimates for the yearings and robberies, have ceased to be matters of inteto be prepared and laid before you. They have been framed with an anxious desire to avoid every expenditure beyond what the necessary demands of the public service may require. His majesty has the satisfaction of informing you, that the produce of the revenue, in the last year, has fully justified the expectations entertained at the commencement of it. My lords and gentlemen. His majesty deeply laments the injurious effects which the late pecuniary crisis must have entailed upon many branches of the commerce and manufactures of the United Kingdom. rest. A meeting was held in London, on the 6th Feb. to concert measures for bringing Cobbett into parlia ment. Sir Walter Scott had acknowledged himself (under oath) the author of the Waverly novels. It is already known that the author of these novels was a large creditor of the house of Constable & Co. of Edinburgh, which failed some time since. In proving this claim, sir Walter was obliged to acknowledge himself the author of these works. France. In France every thing seems to go on prosperously-her agriculture is thriving; her comBut his majesty confidently believes that the tem-merce and manufactures were never so flourishing, porary check which commerce and manufactures whilst the public revenue so far exceeds the expen may at this moment experience, will, under the bles-ditures, that, though an increased provision is to be sings of Divine Providence, neither impair the great made for the elergy, there is to be a reduction of sources of our wealth, nor impede the growth of na-taxes to the amount of 15 millions this year. tional prosperity. The subscription for the relief of the widow and Many failures have occurred in London, among children of General Foy, amounts to 900,000 francs. them is the house of the celebrated B. A. Goldschmidt The dauphiness had given 2,000 francs for the re& Co. They were contractors for the Danish, Mexi-lief of the sufferers by the inundation in the departcan, Colombian and Portuguese loans. Few failures ment of the Tarnard Garonne. that could happen would be more severely felt in every quarter of the globe. Their connections with North and South America were most extensive. In the early part of 1825, this house was worth a million and a half sterling. Mr. Goldschmidt died on the 18th, it was supposed in consequence of this event. Mr. Rothschild, Mr. S Samuel, Mr. D. Barclay, (of the house of Barclay, Herring & Co.) Mr. S. Guerney, and Mr. Richardson, were appointed trustees of the house. It was reported on the 23d, that a statement of the affairs of the concern was nearly prepared, which was favorable; and that the concerns of the establishment would be continued by the three remaining partners, under the inspection of the greatest capitalists in the city. Previous to the failure of Goldschmit, the average fall on S. American stocks, from the prices at which they were issued, was 40 per cent. On the announcement of that event, Colombian bonds fell to 38. 40, and the Mexican to 50. The former had subsequent ly advanced to 50, 48, and the Mexican six per cents, to 63, 62. The amount of Goldschmidt's debts was stated to be three millions and a half sterling. The news of the failure of Goldschmidt produced a great sensation on the continent. In Amsterdam, it is said, six of the principal merchants stopped on hearing the intelligence. Other important failures have been announced, among them, some of the most extensive commercial and banking houses in the country. The bank of England has agreed to assist the commercial interest by loans to the amount of three millions, on pledges of merchandise. This, it was thought, would have the effect to improve business. The number of bankrupts announced in England the first six weeks of this year, was 514. A forgery, in bills, has taken place at Glasgow to the amount of 30,0COL. The following ordonnance, issued by the king of France on the 8th of February, excited, in London, a great sensation. By the merchants, generally, it was considered a hostile blow at British navigation: "The productions of Asia, Africa and America, imported from whatever country, either in British bottoms, or in French or other bottoms, taken on board in any ports within the British European dominions, cannot, from the fifth of April next ensuing, be admitted into France for home consumption, but solely for ware-housing and re-exportation." "The same disposition is applicable to the productions of the countries of Europe, with the exception of those of the United Kingdom and its possessions, when they are imported in British bottoms, arriving from any other port than those of the United Kingdom, or its possessions in Europe." It is reported that the French have entered into a new engagement to continue their troops in Spain three years longer. It is possible Spain may become a province of France. It will be all in the Bourbon family. The best Upland cotton was selling at Havre, on the 10th Feb. at 244 s. duty paid, being lower than previous rates. Spain. A letter from Madrid, dated Jan. 26, says that an order has been sent to the censors of all the towns where public spectacles are exhibited, to suppress in every theatrical peice, the word liberty. wherever it may be found, as well as every other term of allusion to the state of affairs in 1820. The censors are made personally responsible for any allusion of that kind, and for all applause which may be applied to it. The death of the emperor Alexander produced a great sensation among the Spaniards. The liberals had the hardihood to give their opinions on the matter at the coffee houses &c. The squadron fitted out for Havanna, bas found sufficient employment in protecting the coast of Spain against the Colombian Cotton. The sales at Liverpool for the 3 weeks, ending 25th Feb. consisted of 15,120 bales Uplands, at 5 S-4 to S 1-2; 1090 Orleans, 7 to 10d: 1500 Ala-cruisers! bamas, at 6 to Sd, and 1082 Sea Islands. Lindlay Murray died at Holdgate, on the 18th, Feb. aged 81. He was a native of Pennsylvania. Incledon, the great vocalist, died on the 11th February. Italy. A youth aged 20, had been executed at Rome for the murder of a prelate. The ancient law was revived on this occassion. It provides that those who murder an ecclesiastic, shall be knocked down with a hammer, and have their throats cut. A letter says this punishment was inflicted very dexterously. About a dozen young men, of highly respectable Ireland is represented as being in a frightful state. families, have been arrested at Rome, suspected of The Roskites commit great depredations. A late Dub-belonging to the carbonari. Jin paper contains the particulars of not less than thirty It is stated that provisional arrangements only, outrages committed in various districts. Another pa-will be made with the South American ambassadors, The duke of Wellington, had departed on his mission to St. Petersburg, and passed through Berlin. by the pope, without making a formal recognition of the independence of those nations. Russia. The funeral procession, with the corpse of the emperor Alexander, sat out from Taganrock on the 7th January. A commission had been appointed by the emperor to investigate the facts relative to the late conspiracy, which was actively engaged in the discharge of its duties. It is also said, the conspiracy appears to have had extensive ramifications. Four generals of the army of Bessarabia, and many officers of the staff, have been arrested. They speak even of the dissolution of that army. This conspiracy is stated to have commenced before the death of Alexander, and was well known to him. Nicholas has provisionally confirmed in their functions, all ambassadors, ministers, and charges d'af aires accredited with foreign powers. His coronation is to take place on the 1st of May. The army of the south does not appear to have altogether submitted. It is said that several corps have vefused to take the cath to the new emperor. Some Russian troops have passed the Pruth without orders, and are committing hostilities against the Turks. Greece and Turkey. All the reports from the Morea represent the affairs of the Greeks as being in a more favorable situation than might have been expected from the preceding accounts. Missalonghi still holds out, and the Egyptians seem to have done nothing decisive during the last two months. The misunderstanding between the Turkish and Egyptian Pachas, as well as the severe winter, may be the cause of this stagnation. Another account states that Ibrahim Pacha has taken from the besieged in Missolonghi an army chest, with 600,000 piastres, and that that bulwark of Greece is reduced to the last extremity. The Turks appear to have been reinforced by some thousands of men in Moldavia and Wallachia, and have re-commenced their system of cruelty towards the inhabi fants. Hayti. President Boyer, has issued a proclamation, making known his refusal to ratify the treaty, recently concluded at Paris between the Ilaytien commissioners and the French government. Nineteenth Congress-1st session. SENATE. March 31. Mr. Lloyd, from the committee on commerce, made a report on the memorial of the merchants, ship-owners, and manufacturers of the city of Baltimore, praying that the additional duties on the tonnage and cargoes of British colonial vessels may be abolished, requesting to be discharged from the further consideration of the subject. Mr. Barton, from the committee on public lands, to whom was referred the bill to authorize the president of the U. States to cause the reserved lead mines to be exposed to sale, reported the same without amendment, but with the expression of their opinion, that the bill ought not to pass. After some minor business On motion of Mr. Tazewell, the senate then went into executive business, and continued in session until 4 o'clock, when the doors were opened, and the senate took up the resolution proposing an amendment to the constitution as it respects the periods to which any person may be elected president of the U. States. The motion pending was "shall the resolution pass." But the senate adjourned without debating the subject or coming to any conclusion upon it.-Adjourned to Monday. April 3. After some minor business had been attended to The resolution proposing an amendment to the constitution of the United States, as it respects the periods to which any person may be elected president of the United States, was read the third times and on the question, "shall the resolution pass?" Mr. Randolph rose, and addressed the senate against its passage, until 3 o'clock. The question was then taken, and it was determined in the affirmative, by aycs and nays, as follows: YEAS-Messrs. Barton, Berrien, Branch, Chandler, Chase, Cobb, Dickerson, Findlay, Harper, Hayne, Hendricks, Holmes, Johnson, of Ken. Kane, King, Lloyd, Macon, Marks, Mills, Noble, Reed, Rowan, Ruggles, Sandford, Smith, Tazewell, Thomas, Van Buren, White, Willey, Williams, Woodbury,-32. NAYS-Messrs. Benton, Eaton, Edwards, Johnson, of Lou. Randolph, Robbins, Seymour- 7. Mr. Smith, from the committee on finance, report ed a bill to ascertain the value of debased foreign coin and depreciated currency. The bill further to amend the act, entitled "an act to regulate the collection of duties on imports and tonnage," dated March 2d, 1799-was taken up, and, after the adoption of an amendment offered by Mr. Holmes, it was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. On motion, by Mr. Hayne, the senate then went into executive business; and shortly after adjourned. April 4. After some business not important to mention just now The segate resumed the consideration of the resolution reported by the committee on agriculture, instructing the committee on finance to report a bill to repeal the duty on imported salt. Mr. Holmes moved to amend the resolution, by authorizing the committee to inquire into the expediency of reporting a bill. This amendment was opposed by Mr. King, Mr. Branch, Mr. Woodbury, Mr Hayne, Mr. Randolph, and Mr. Macon, and supported by Mr. Holmes, Mr. Findlay, Mr Lloyd, Mr. Sanford, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Chandler; and it was determined in the affirmative, by yeas and nays, as follows: YEAS--Messrs. Barton, Bell, Benton, Bouligny, Chandler, Chase, Clayton, Dickerson, Eaton, Edwards, Findlay, Harrison, Hendricks, Holmes, Johnson, of Ky. Johnston, of Lou. Kane, Lloyd, Marks, Noble, Robbins, Ruggles, Sanford, Seymour, Smith, Thomas, Van Buren, Willey-28. NAYS--Messrs. Berrien, Branch, Cobb, Harper, Hayne, King, Macon, Randolph, Reed, Rowan, Tazewell, White, Williams, Woodbury,-14. On motion, by Mr. Beaton, the senate then went into executive business. April 5. Me. Harrison presented the petition of six hundred of the inhabitants of Cincinnati, Ohio, in favor of the passage of an uniform system of bankruptcy; which was laid on the table, and ordered to be printed. The senate then proceeded to consider, as in committee of the whole, the bili "for removing the existing obstructions in the River Savannah," Which being so amended as to confine the expenditure of the appropriation to the raising of those vessels only, which were sunk by the American commanders, and not the enemy, was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. Ayes 36. Nays 3. And, after the consideration of executive business, the senate adjourned. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, March 30. Mr. Newton, from the committee on commerce, reported a bill for improving certain harbors by the building of piers and removal of 2 obstructions, &c. which was ordered to be printed. He also made a report, from the same committee, by way of resolution, as follows: Resolved, That it is inexpedient, at this time, to make any ap propriation for the construction of a breakwater at the mouth of Delaware bay. The house was occupied some time with several We have not room private claims and local matters. to notice them. On motion of Mr. Forsyth, of Georgia, the following resolution, offered by Mr. Campbell, of Ohio, on Tuesday, was taken up: Resolved, That the president of the United States be requested to transmit to this house a copy of the instructions given by the congress of the confideration, immediately after the elose of the war of our independence," to the three commissioners who were ap pointed to negotiate treaties of smity, navigation, and commerce, with all the principal powers of Europe." tion: 1 ment of the United States that the Mexican governmorable pledge of the president of the United States. ment called upon this government to fulfil the mein his message to congress, of December, 1823, I transmit to the house a report from the secretary of JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. state, with documents, containing the information de sired by the resolution. The secretary of state, to whom has been referred, presentatives, of the 27th March, 1826, requesting by the president, the resolution of the house of rehim to transmit to that house certain parts of the and the minister of the United States at Mexico, and correspondence between the department of state to communicate certain information therein mentioned, has the honor to report That no answer was transmitted from this departMr Forsyth, understanding that the information asked for by the resolution of the gentleman from ment to the letter of Mr. Poinsett, No. 22, under date Ohio, had been obtained without applying to the pre- at Mexico, the 28th September. 1825. That No. 18, sident, offered the following amendment, which from Mr. Poinsett, under date the 13th of the same he hoped the gentleman would accept as a modifica month, and No. 22, relate to the same subject; the first stating the obstacle which had occurred to the Resolved, That the president of the United States he requested conclusion of the commercial treaty, in the preten to transmit to this house a copy of Mr. Middleton's letter of the 24 July, to count Ness Irode, communicated with the despatch of sion brought forward by Mexico to grant to the Ame the secretary of state of the toth of May, 1825, and of so much rican nations of Spanish origin, special privileges of the instructions from the department of state, to the ministers which were not to be enjoyed by other nations, and of the U. States to Buenos Ayres, Chili and Mexico, as relates to a proposed or contemplated congress of the Spanish American states. the second narrating the arguments which were urg Mr. Campbell accepted the amendment as a modified for and against it, in the conferences between Mr. He was desirous to Poinsett and the Mexican minister. cation of the original resolution. obtain all the information which could be given. Mr. Webster said he did not sufficiently understand the object of the resolution. He supposed that the resolution, under a recent decision of the chair, was strictly in order; but as the house was taken by surprise, he hoped the resolution would, for the present, be laid on the table. He then moved to lay the resolution on the table, but subsequently with-with reported, marked A. drew it. After some remarks from Messrs. Forsyth, Webster The amendments made by the senate, in the bill That No. 24 was received on the 9th of December last, and the answer of the 9th of November, 1925, from this de partment to No. 18, having been prepared and transmitted, superseded the necessity, as was believed, That extracts from the general instructions to Mr. of any more particular reply to No. 22. That the United States Poinsett, under date the 25th March, 1825, are herehave contracted no engagement nor made any pledge to the governments of Mexico and South America, or to either of them, that the United States would not permit the interference of any foreign power with the independence or form of government of those nations: nor have any instructions been issued, authorizing any such engagement or pledge. It will be seen that the message of the late president of the United States, of the 2d December, 1823, is adverted to in the extracts now furnished from the instructions to Mr. Poinsett, and that he is directed to impress its principles upon the government of the United Mexican States. All apprehensions of the danger to whieh Mr. Monroe alludes, of an interference by the allied powers of Europe, to introduce their political systems into this hemisphere, have ceased. if, indeed, an attempt, by force, had been made by allied Europe to subvert the liberties of the southern nations on this continent, and to erect upon the ruins of their free institutions Lonarchical systems, the The following message was received from the pre-people of the United States would have stood pledg sident of the United States, and was ordered to be laid on the table and printed: To the house of representatives of the United States: And, after being discussed by Messrs. Little, T. P. Moore, Whipple, Letcher, Owen and Tomlinson, were agreed to-so the bill has passed both houses. The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole further to consider the resolutions proposing certain amendments to the constitution, Mr. Dwight in the chair. Mr. Bartlett spoke two hours in favor of the constitution as it now stands-and, after some desultory conversation and proceedings, the committee rose. [On the first count of the house, as to the rising of the committee, it appeared that only SS members were in their places.] WASHINGTON, 30th March, 1826. ed, in the opinion of their executive, not to any fo eign state, but to themselves and to their posterity. by their dearest interests and highest duties to resist to the utmost, such attempt; and it is to a pledge of that character that Mr. Poinsett alone refers. That extracts from a despatch of Mr. Poinsett, urder date the 21st August, 1825, marked B. are also herewith reported, relating to the movements of the French fleet in the West India seas during the last. summer. That his previous letter, to which he refers, on the same subject, with the accompanying papers; is accidentally mislaid, and cannot, therefore, now be reported, it is communicated, which is less regretted, because the information contained in that now presumed, will be entirely satisfactory. All which is respectfully submitted. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, 29th March, 1928. H. CLAY Extracts from the general instructions of Mr. Clay, secretary of state, to Mr. Poinsett, appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Mexico, dated DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, zillian government, to which it was prompted by selfinterest, and which preceded that of the U. States only a few months, this government has been the first to assume the responsibility and encounter the hazard of recognizing the governments which have been formed out of Spanish America. If there ever were 25th March, 1825. any grounds for imputing tardiness to the United The mission on which the president wishes you, States in making that recognition, as it respects other with all practicable despatch to depart, would at any parts of what was formerly Spanish America, there time be highly important, but possesses at this moment is not the slightest pretext for such a suggestion in peculiar interest Every where on this continent, relation to Mexico. For, within a little more than a but on the side of the United Mexican States, the year after its independence was proclaimed, the UnitUnited States are touched by the colonial territories ed States, hastened to acknowledge it. They have of some sovereign authority fixed in Europe. You never claimed, and do not now claim, any peculiar are the first minister actually leaving the United favor or concession to their commerce and naviga States, to reside near a sovereign power established tion, as the consideration of the liberal policy which and exerted on this continent, whose territories are they have shown towards those governments. But conterminous with our own. You will probably be the president does confidently expect, that a priority the first minister received by that power from any of movement, on our part, which has disconcerted sovereign state, except from those which have re- plans which the European allies were contemplating cently sprung out of Spanish America. The United against the independent governments, and which has, Mexican States, whether we regard their present pos-no doubt, tended to acelerate similar acts of recog ture, or recal to our recollection their ancient histo-trition by the European powers, and especially that ry, and for times are entitled to high consideration. of Great Britain, will form a powerful motive with In point of population, position, and resources, they must be allowed to rank among the first powers of America. In contemplating the progress in them towards civilization, which the aborigines had made at the epoch of the Spanish invasion, and the incidents "You will bring to the notice of the Mexican go connected with the Spanish conquest which ensued, vernment, the message of the late president of the an irresistible interest is excited, which is not sur- United States to their congress on the 24 December, passed, if it be equalled, by that which is awakened 1923, asserting certain important principles of interin perusing the early history of any other part of national law, in the relations of Europe and AmeriAmerica. But what gives, with the president, to ca. The first principle asserted in that message is your mission peculiar importance at this time, is, that the American continents are not henceforth to that it has for its principal object, to lay for the first be considered as subjects for future colonization by time the foundation of an intercourse of amity, com- any European powers. In the maintenance of that merce, navigation, and neighborhood, which may ex-principle all the independent governments of Ameert a powerful influence, for a long period, upon the prosperity of both states. our southern neighbors, and particularly with Mexi co, for denging to the commerce and navigation of those European states, any favors or privileges which shall not be equally extended to us. rica have an interest, but that of the United States has probably the least. Whatever foundation may In more particularly inviting your attention to the have existed three centuries ago, or even at a later objects which should engage it on your mission, I period, when all this continent was under European will, in the first place, refer you to the general instruc- subjection, for the establishment of a rule, formed on tions which were given by my predecessor, on the priority of discovery and occupation, for apportion27th May, 1823, to Mr. Anderson, the minister of the ing among the powers of Europe parts of this contiUnited States at Colombia, of which a copy is annex-nent, none can be now admitted as applicable to its ed, and which are to be considered as incorporated in present condition. There is no disposition to disthem. So far as they are applicable alike to the con- turb the colonial possessions, as they may now exist, dition of Colombia and Mexico, and shall not be va- of any of the European powers, but it is against the ried in this or subsequent letters, you will view them establishment of new European colonies upon this as forming a guide for your conduct. In that letter continent that the principle is directed. The counof the 27th May, the principles which have regulat-trics in which any such new establishments might be ed the course of this government, in respect to the attempted, are now open to the enterprize and comcontest between Spanish America and Spain, from merce of all Americans, and the justice and propriits origin, are clearly stated, explained, and vindicat-ety cannot be recognized of arbitrarily limiting and ed, and the basis of those upon which it is desirable circumscribing that enterprize and commerce, by the to place the future intercourse between the United act of voluntarily planting a new colony, without the States and the several governments, which have been consent of America, under the auspices of foreign established in Spanish America, are laid down. So powers, belonging to another and a distant continent. that, although that letter was intended to furnish in? Europe would be indignant at any American attempt structions for the American minister deputed to one to plant a colony on any part of her shores; and ber of those governments only, it should be contemplat-justice must perceive in the rule contended for, only ed as unfolding a system of relations which it is ex-perfect reciprocity. pedient to establish with all of them. From that let- The other principle assorted in the message is, that ter, as well as from notorious public facts, it cicarly whilst we do not desire to interfere in Europe with appears that the people and the government of the the political system of the allied powers, and should United States have alike, throughout all the stages of regard as dangerous to our peace and safety any atthe struggle between Spain and her former colonies, tempt on their part to extend their system to any porcherished the warmest feelings and the strongest tion of this hemisphere. The political systems of sympathies towards the latter. That the establish- the two continents are essentially different. Each ment of their independence and freedom has been anxiously desired; that the recognition of that independence was made as early as it was possible, consistently with those just considerations of policy and aluty which this government felt itself bound to enter- tem. tain towards both parties: and that, in point of fact, This principle was declared in the face of the with the exception of the act of the Portuguese Bra-world at a moment when there was reason to appre› has an exclusive right to judge for itself, what is best suited to its own condition and most likely to promote its happiness--but neither has a right to enforce upon the other the establishment of its peculiar øys |