balls in at the second fight, and said to her: 'Here is the indigo, wife. I had a h-1 of a time to get it.' The next day I got home to Peeples Valley, having been gone nineteen days, when it was my intention on leaving home to be away only five days. There I found John Burger suffering badly from some wounds that he had received at the hands of the Apaches on April 1st of that year, when his companion, H. Wyckoff, was killed while he and Burger were on their way from Peeples Valley to Wickenburg. Burger had three balls in his right side and was shot through the left thigh, which wound crippled him for life. The wounds were nearly all healed when I left him and he was getting around a little on crutches. When I returned the wounds in his side were badly inflamed and were full of proud flesh. One rib had been shot entirely in two and the ends of the rib were growing together nicely when I left him, but when I got the inflammation down and the proud flesh burned out of the wound, I found there were little ulcers formed on the ends of the new bone. I cut them off with my pocket knife, and with such attention as I was able to give him, Burger was out of bed and quite well in a short time. He was one of the early settlers of Phoenix, and was killed accidentally in his own mill on Humbug Creek. His wife still lives in Phoenix.

"Altogether we killed fifty-six Indians, and got all of the stock back but fourteen head-and Mrs. Genung got her indigo."

CHAPTER X.

INDIAN TROUBLES, THE MILITARY, MURDERS AND LYNCHINGS.

CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE PASSES RESOLUTION RELATING TO INDIAN AFFAIRS IN ARIZONAGENERAL STONEMAN SUPERSEDED BY GENERAL CROOK-NEWSPAPER CRITICISM OF GENERAL STONEMAN-MURDERS BY MEXICAN OUTLAWS -REPRISALS-MURDERERS LYNCHED-SETTLEMENT OF VALLEY OF SAN PEDRO BY MARK ALDRICH-MORE INDIAN OUTRAGES ROADS BUILT BY STONEMAN-FIGHTS OF CAPTAIN MOORE AND CAPTAIN RUSSELL WITH INDIANS -GENERAL CROOK TAKES COMMAND.

Arizona and the West were anxious that the Apaches should be conquered at once, because about this time it began to dawn upon the West that Arizona was a great mineral country. The California Legislature in 1871 passed the following resolution:

"Joint Resolutions of the Legislature of California relating to Indian Affairs in the Territory of Arizona:

"WHEREAS, we are fully assured that the following statements are true:

"That the inhabitants of the Territory of Arizona are now, and for years past have been, the victims of the most cruel outrages at the hands of the Apache Indians;

"That hundreds of them, including women and children, have been murdered by these savages within the last few years;

"That neither homes nor property in that Territory, outside its principal towns, are safe from savage incursions;

"That in but exceptional places can any highroad be traveled without great danger;

"That many of the citizens of our own State, while there on business, have fallen victims to these Indians;

"That at no time in the history of that Territory have the Indians been more hostile, or the lives and property of the people less safe, than within the past two months;

"That the nation is rich enough to afford, and strong enough to enforce, protection to its people living in its own Territory and under its own flag, as well as those abroad in other lands;

"That for the murder of the fewest number of its citizens who have been slain by these savages in Arizona in any two months in the last two years, the United States Government would have declared war against every Power in Europe had its citizens been so murdered there for want of proper protection from European Powers;

"That the feeling and belief are universal on the part of the people of this State, and we believe of the Pacific Slope, that when General Crook was sent to Arizona, he was the right man in the right place;

"That he is as humane as energetic, and if allowed sufficient means and given the discretion to which his experience in the management of Indian Affairs entitles him, and not interfered with in his operations, he will, in a brief period, arrest this reign of terror and blood, and give

security to the long-suffering people of this Territory; and

"WHEREAS, we do most seriously believe that in all the land no such prompt and efficient measures are required for the protection of our people as in the Territory of Arizona, THEREFORE:

"1. BE IT RESOLVED BY THE SENATE (the Assembly concurring), that it is the duty of the Government of the United States to give the most prompt and efficient protection to the people of Arizona against the Apache Indians; that all attempts to treat with or otherwise appease them until they are made to feel the power of the Government, will prove futile in the future as they have in the past, and must result only in encouraging these savages to continue deeds of carnage.

"2. That in no other way can this protection be so promptly and efficiently extended to our suffering brethren in Arizona as by furnishing General Crook with ample means and by giving him the largest discretion on the course to be pursued toward the savages.

"3. That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, urged and implored to prevent further interference with the military operations of General Crook, otherwise than by aiding his designs, until these savages are subdued and the people of Arizona are made secure in their lives, homes and property.

"4. That his Excellency, the Governor of this State, be requested to telegraph these resolutions and the preamble to the same to the President of the United States; that he cause to be sent copies

of the same to each of the Senators and Representatives in Congress of the Pacific States and Territories, and to each of the Governors of the same; and that our Senators in Congress be instructed and our Representatives be requested to urge upon the Government at Washington such action in the premises as is indicated by these resolutions."

The resolutions reflected the will of the citizens of Arizona, and showed the temper of the people of the Golden State and the West generally.

General Stoneman was superseded by General Crook through the influence of Governor Safford, and, as far as I can see, he was much misjudged. The following, from the Los Angeles "Daily Star" of May 6th, 1871, is one of the many harsh criticisms which were indulged in against him at that time:

"REMOVAL OF GENERAL STONEMAN. "There must be something very peculiar in the atmosphere of Arizona, as it certainly is very unhealthy down that way for military commanders. Scarcely does one get installed in office, and certainly before he has become acquainted with the peculiarities of the country and the interests of its inhabitants, than he is removed, and another takes his place to be, in his turn, summarily sent to the right about. The Territory was organized in 1863, but it was well on in 1864 before the 'outfit' reached the country, and the formal declaration of the organization of the country made, which took place at old Fort Whipple, on what was known as Postle's ranch. During these seven years we think we are safe