"They had some quarrel with Cooley, and to escape their vengeance he climbed upon the roof of the building. One of the squaws threw rocks at him for a while. Coming down after the storm had ceased, he gave me quite a dissertation upon the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy."

Bark states that he, Cooley, had grown fleshy, and during his visit Cooley received a letter from a New York firm and read it. It amused him to such an extent that, sitting in his chair in the shade of a tree in front of his house, he became so convulsed with laughter that he fell out of the chair and rolled over on the ground, squirming with hilarity. The reason was that the firm, from whom he had ordered a suit of clothes, giving his measurements, replied that they made clothes for men and not for horses. Cooley measured somewhere about sixty inches around the waist. He died on his ranch in the summer of 1917.

CHAPTER V.

THE MILITARY.

REPORT OF MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS ON MILITARY AFFAIRS IN ARIZONA-REPORT OF GENERAL ORD-GENERAL ORD'S ACCOUNT OF CAPTAIN BARRY'S DISOBEDIENCE OF ORDERS EXPENSE OF SUPPLYING RATIONS TO TROOPS IN ARIZONA - FOURTEEN MILITARY POSTS IN ARIZONA - DESERTION OF TROOPS -POLICY OF EXTERMINATION FOLLOWED BY BOTH MILITARY AND CITIZENS-CONDITIONS IN 1869 DESCRIBED BY BANTA ESTABLISHMENT OF CAMP ORD, LATER KNOWN AS FORT APACHE.

Major-General George H. Thomas, commanding the Department of the Pacific, with headquarters at San Francisco, in his report to the Adjutant-General of the United States Army, under date of September 27th, 1869, made the following reference to Arizona:

"Having performed duty in Arizona some years past, and then getting familiar with the topography of the country, and not having time to make a personal inspection of my whole command, I have depended upon the report of the inspector-general of the division, and special reports of the department commander for information, and have to report as follows: Fort Yuma, at the junction of the Colorado and Gila rivers, is an important post as a depot of supplies for that Territory; it is garrisoned by one company of infantry, and reported in good con

dition. The garrisons at Tucson, Bowie, Grant, Goodwin, McDowell, Verde, Reno, Colorado and Mohave, I considered favorably situated for supervision of the Indian Territory, and have maintained them as found. Camps Willow Grove and Wallen having become useless, the garrisons of these posts, two companies, were used to establish a post at Toll Gate, which commands one of the passes most frequented by the Indians in their excursions from the north to the south. Active operations have been continued against the Indians of Arizona during the whole summer, in which the troops displayed great energy and perseverance, and were eminently successful-so much so that one tribe, the Hualpais, have sued for peace, and the chief given himself up as a hostage for the future good conduct of the tribe. For details of the operations of the troops in Arizona, your attention is respectfully called to the annual report of Brevet Major-General Ord, the Department Commander, to be forwarded, and the report of the inspector general of the division on Indian Affairs, which has been forwarded direct in obedience to instructions."

The following is the report of General Ord, dated September 27th, 1869, referred to in the foregoing:

"Sir: I have to report that during the past year my efforts, and those of the troops in this department, have been directed, first, to the reduction of the hostile bands of Indians which have, since the country was known, infested Arizona and portions of Nevada; second, to the exploration of extensive districts of which white

men had little or no knowledge and which were supposed to be the retreats of hostile bands; third, the reduction of expenses by the evacuation of posts no longer needed, either because the country had become settled and the settlers capable of self-protection, or because it was found uninhabitable for whites or Indians, or because the garrisons were too small for offensive operations, and only invited roving bands to attack the government herds and trains which supplied the posts.

"My return of expeditions and scouts will show the success of the troops in reducing the hostile Apaches and kindred tribes. These Arabs of Arizona have heretofore neither

given nor asked quarter; their hands have always been bloody, their favorite pursuit killing and plundering, their favorite ornaments the finger and toe-nails, the teeth, hair, and small bones of their victims. Their homes are in the high mountain ranges and mesas north of the Gila, which separate its tributaries from those of the Colorado. Some bands occupy mountains south of the Gila, and their expeditions extend far into Mexico.

"On taking command of the department I was satisfied that the few settlers and scattered miners of Arizona were the sheep upon which these wolves habitually preyed, and that, if that wilderness was to be kept free from Apache robbers and murderers, a temporizing policy would not answer; therefore I encouraged the troops to capture and root out the Apache by every means, and to hunt them as they would wild animals. This they have done with un

relenting vigor. Since my last report, over two hundred have been killed, generally by parties who have trailed them for days and weeks into the mountain recesses, over snows, among gorges and precipices, lying in wait for them by day and following them by night. Many villages have been burned, large quantities of arms and supplies of ammunition, clothing and provisions have been destroyed, a large number of horses and mules have been captured, and two men, twenty-eight women, and thirty-four children taken prisoners; and though we have lost quite a number of soldiers, I think the Apaches have discovered that they are getting the worst of it. Some of the bands, having the fear of extermination before them, have sued for peace; others, being driven to the defensive, compelled to fight for their women and children and plunder, have not had much time, lately, to hunt miners, attack settlers, and capture stock.

"There are, I think, not to exceed one thousand fighting men of the Apaches left; and if we continue as successful in reducing them as during the last year, the result is only a question of time. Colonel John Green, major First United States Cavalry, in a recent scout into the White Mountains, a country of which we know but little, after destroying some villages, killing a number of warriors, and destroying a large quantity of corn, etc., having heard of a village thirty miles north, where the Indians were reported friendly, and anxious to appease the troops, sent Captain John Barry, First United States Cavalry, to examine the matter, and, if he found them concerned in hostilities, to