destroy them. Thus he describes the result: "On the night of August 1, Captain Barry returned with his command, and reported that when he reached Miguel's village, there was a white flag flying from every hut and every prominent point; that the men, women and children came out to meet them, and went to work to cut corn for their horses, and showed such a spirit of delight at meeting them, that the officers united in saying that if they had fired on them they would have been guilty of coldblooded murder; even my chief scout, Manuel, who has no scruples in such matters, and whose mind was filled with taking scalps when he left camp, said he could not have fired on them after what he saw.

"Captain Barry also found that the white men had nothing but some provisions and implements, being what they represented themselves, prospecting miners. Miguel reiterated that he wanted to go on a reservation where he could be protected, and Captain Barry repeated what I had previously told him-that he must go to Camp McDowell and see the district commander. He also gave him a letter for that purpose. Miguel promised to start on the following day, and commenced to make preparation at once. The white men were also to accompany him. The Apaches have but few friends, and, I believe, no agent. Even the officers, when applied to by them for information, cannot tell them what to do. There seems to be no settled policy, but a general idea to kill them wherever found. I also am a believer in that, if we go for extermination; but I think, and I am sustained

in my opinion by most of the officers accompanying my expedition, that if Miguel and his band were placed on a reservation properly managed, and had a military post to protect them, they would form a nucleus for the civilization of the Apaches, as they seem more susceptible of it than any tribe I have seen. I even believe that, if the Apache is properly managed, he could be used against the Apache, and so end the war in a short time. Miguel said that he had soldiers, and would place them at my disposal whenever I wanted them. The reservation, with a military post, should be in the White Mountain country, where they could raise crops and sustain themselves with but little cost to the Government, the climate and soil being excellent for such purpose. The only difficulty would be to make a wagon road into that country; but by proper exploration it might be accomplished. If this scheme should fail, a military post in that country would be of invaluable service in suppressing the Indian war in Arizona.'

"Of course the extermination policy is resolved upon only when every other means fail to protect our people; and if it is possible to induce the Apache to accept terms, it should be done; and this being the first formal proposition for surrender from that section, General Thomas E. Devin, commanding in Southern Arizona, has been instructed to send Colonel Green, with sufficient forces, again into the White Mountain country, to visit Miguel's village, examine the vicinity carefully with a view, if deemed necessary, to open a road to it from the Gila Valley or from the West; to learn how

far the country is adapted for a healthy reservation of sufficient extent to hold the friendly Apaches and afford them a field to hunt in and land to cultivate; and he will report on the probable expense of establishing a post in that vicinity; not that it is intended to increase the number of posts in that Territory, for I think we have too many there now.

"The earnestness with which the troops make war on the hostile Apaches is in proportion to the good will which is shown toward the inoffensive or friendly Indians. Many of the border white men, especially those that have been hunted, or lost friends or relations by them, regard all Indians as vermin, to be killed when met; and attacks upon and murder of quiet bands, who in some instances have come in to aid in pursuit of more hostile savages, is nothing unusual in Arizona. One citizen is now in confinement, arrested by the troops, for an attempt to murder a friendly Hualapai near Camp Mohave; and dozens of them are at large now who have tried it and succeeded. These citizens are not proceeded against by the civil authorities of the country. Reservations, to be at all safe from such attacks in that country must be forbidden ground to all white men, save the troops sent there to watch the Indians and guard them, and officers of the Indian Bureau. As an instance of the necessity of isolating reservations, the Pimas and Maricopas, always friendly, who cultivate the soil and render good service with the troops as scouts in reducing the hostile Indians, have a reservation on the Gila river. A number of Mexicans and some few

American squatters have settled upon portions of it; I am informed that the Indian agent is one of them. As the cattle of the settlers and Indians will stray and be occasionally lost, and stock break into fields, there is no good feeling between the Indians and the settlers; the latter accuse the Indians of trespassing against them, and threaten vengeance. The Indians, being numerous, are defiant and sullen, and difficulties of a very serious nature would have ensued had not General Alexander, commanding the nearest military post, interfered. The difficulties are still pending, and the new military superintendent should have authority to remove the settlers, as yet not numerous.

"The services rendered by some of the friendly chiefs as scouts to the troops are so important and useful as to merit high commendation from commanding officers, and deserve reward. If within the intent of the law authorizing the employment of such scouts, I would recommend temporary organization of companies with the most useful Indian chiefs as officers.

"The scouting expeditions in Arizona have given us much useful information, and a few fertile valleys heretofore unknown have been found. A survey of the military reservation in Arizona has been completed. There was an extensive unexplored district between White Pine and the Colorado river, which was supposed to be rich in precious metals, and into which small prospecting and other parties were venturing, so that a proper regard for the general desire for correct knowledge of it required that it should

be surveyed and mapped. I, therefore, with the approbation of the division commander, General George H. Thomas, directed an expedition to be fitted out and an escort to be furnished, placing the whole under Lieutenant George M. Wheeler, United States engineer, who, assisted by Lieutenant D. W. Lockwood, United States engineers, and furnished with a small sum by the Chief Engineer, General A. A. Humphreys, is now engaged in this duty. A careful military and scientific reconnaissance of this portion of the great American desert, such as Lieutenant Wheeler will make, may result in much valuable information, which will be published as soon as practicable. Lieutenant Wheeler, when last heard from, September 10th, had made good progress in his explorations. One of his party had reached the Pahranagat Valley, and another the Meadow Valley, en route to the Colorado.

"In administering an extensive military department like this, containing over four hundred and fifty thousand square miles, or greater by about one hundred thousand square miles than the original thirteen States, occupied by a population of savages estimated at from fifty to seventy-five thousand, garrisoned by three thousand men, or three to every four hundred and fifty square miles, who are scattered in thirty posts, camps, and cantonments, many of them only accessible at certain seasons of the year, and after crossing extensive deserts, the expenditures are principally due to the cost of transporting supplies. The expense of supplying rations at Camp Goodwin, one of the posts in Arizona, and of feeding animals there, can be