O knjigi
CHAPTER IV.
Republican government in Mexico-American flag hoisted at
Monterey-France and England seek to possess Califor-
nia- De Mofra's explorations - Russians in California-
Revolution: a Yankee in it-Monterey captured by Alva-
rado and Graham-California declared a free State-Vallejo
military chief-Religion established by law-Mexican author-
ity again recognized-Graham and others banished-Com-
modore Jones declares California a part of the United States
in 1842-Revolution of 1844-Castro General-in-chief-
Banishment of Governor Micheltorena...
58
CHAPTER V.
Early navigators-Voyage of Sir Francis Drake-Voyages of
Sebastian Viscayno and Vistus Behring--Settlement of Sitka
-King George's Sound Company-East India Company-
Thomas Jefferson's interest in the Pacific coast-Expedi-
tion of John Ledyard: he is arrested by order of the
Empress of Russia-Voyage of Vancouver-The King of
Spain forbids Captain Cook to enter California-First Amer-
ican vessels on the Pacific coast-Captain Gray discovers the
Columbia river-First American vessel enters the Bay of San
Francisco-John Brown and Thomas Raben first Americans
in California-Trade to the Columbia river-Count Rosa-
noff in California-Delia Byrd enters San Diego-Russians
evacuate California at the request of the United States-
Expedition of Lewis and Clark-First settlement in Oregon
-John Jacob Astor founds Astoria-Fur trade of Oregon-
The British take possession of Oregon-Its restoration to
the United States-Astor's fur trade in the Rocky moun-
tains-First overland journey to California-Arrest of Jede-
diah Smith-Letter from American seamen in 1826-Letter
from Smith to one of the fathers-Death of J. S. Smith
-Pattie's expedition-Asiatic emigration encouraged-First
settlers in California-First mercantile house in California-
Commodore Wilkes' expedition to the Pacific-Discovery of
a wrecked Japanese junk-Fremont's explorations-Sutter's
hospitality-End of Fremont's second exploration......
64
CHAPTER VI.
Pico and Castro in command of California-Decline of the
missions-Early trade-English, French, and American
consuls in California-Indolence of the people-Fremont's
third exploration: his trials and triumphs in California-
Castro and Fremont-Fremont raises the American flag-
Lieutenant Gillespie carries letters to Fremont-Kit Carson
saves Fremont-Sonoma captured-W. B. Ide declares a
republican government and hoists the "Bear Flag"-Fre-
mont elected Governor-Commodore Sloat captures Mon-
terey-British projects frustrated-Sloat's proclamation-
The American flag hoisted in San Francisco-Commodore
Stockton at Monterey-Dupont and General Kearney at
Monterey-Arrival of Stevenson's regiment-Uneasiness of
the native Californians-Interesting speeches-Proposition to
place California under the protection of England or France-
General Vallejo favors annexation to the United States..... 86
CHAPTER VII.
Feud between Sloat and Fremont-Commodore Stockton in
command: his proclamation-Departure of Sloat-Castro,
Pico, and Flores oppose the Americans-Stockton warns
Castro of his peril-Flores' proclamation to his countrymen.
-Final surrender of the Mexicans-Treaty of peace con-
cluded-Strife between Commodore Stockton and General
Kearney-Fremont appointed Military Governor-Stockton
takes his departure-Fremont ousted-General Kearney and
Commodore Shubrick in command-Colonel Mason super-
sedes General Kearney-General Kearney proceeds to Wash-
ington-His ill-treatment of Fremont-Fremont arrested and
carried to Fortress Monroe-Court-martialled-Discharged
from arrest by order of the President-Nominated for the
Presidency..
CHAPTER VIII.
Colonel Mason and General Riley in command of the govern-
ment of California-End of the Mexican war-Acquisition
of Texas and New Mexico-Treaty between the United States
and Mexico-Boundary established-Convention to frame a
State Constitution meets at Monterey-California admitted
into the Union-Treaty between England and the United
States defining western boundary-Claims of Portugal to
California-Claims of Spain-Pope Alexander VI settles the
dispute Treaty between Spain and Portugal-A bull from
the Pope Chain of title to California-Speech of Hon.
Thomas H. Benton on the boundary question-Treaty stipu
lations-Rulers under Spanish, Mexican, and United States
governments in California-English, French, and American
consuls in California....
CHAPTER IX.
California under American rule-Population in 1842 and 1845
-Arrival of Mormons at San Francisco-Population in
1848-In 1870-Composition of population of San Francisco
in 1842-Establishment of Mission Dolores-First house built
in San Francisco-First child born-Hudson Bay Company
at San Francisco-First newspaper in California-First school
--First Protestant minister—First Protestant church-First
steamboat-Discovery of gold-Sutter and Marshall-First
mining-Rush to the mines-Official notice of the gold
discovery-Early gold-seekers-Advent of the Chinese..... 116
CHAPTER X.
Population of California in 1849-Rush to the mines-Gold
yield of 1848-Population and scenes of San Francisco in
1849-Ships for California-Overland emigration-Across
the Isthmus-Arrival of first steamer-Commerce in 1849-
Occupations of the people-Gray-shirt brigade-Ships at a
discount-Up the Sacramento river-Early disappointments
-Gambling-Gold product-Gold excitements-Honesty
of the "forty-niners "-Lynch law-Prices in the mines-
Cultivation of the soil-Cattle-Eggs-Fruit-All "going
home in the spring"-Indians in the mines-Yankee specu-
lators-Suffering and disappointments in the mines-Miners
going home....
124
CHAPTER XI.
Growing importance of San Francisco-Crime and dissipation
-First Vigilance Committee-Law and order-Building a
city-Destroyed by fire-Rebuilt-Wild speculation-
Strange occupations-Fortune and misfortune-First house
built at Sacramento-Population of-Prosperity in business
and speculation-Price of land in San Francisco-Rents in
San Francisco-Prices of merchandise-Amusements-Board
-Labor-Cost of building-Streets paved with merchandise
-Gold-hunters still arriving-Largest product of gold-
Suicide and death-Only a mining country-Import of
breadstuffs Interior steam-navigation-First river-steamer-
Fares on the rivers...
133
CHAPTER XII.
Early agriculture-No vegetables-Gardening in the mines-
Advent of farmers-Ignorance of seasons and crops-Increase
of agriculture-Lumber-Fishing-Manufacturing-Coal-
Fruits Vegetables-Permanent settlement in California-
Varied industry-Happy homes-Legitimate occupations-
Gold-hunters' graves-Overland emigration-Suffering of the
"Donner party"-Settlers to the rescue..
CHAPTER XIII.
California-Origin of the name-Griffins in the land-Hot
ovens of the natives-Area of the State-Agricultural, min-
eral, grazing, and marsh lands-Area equal to one hundred
and forty-five States the size of Rhode Island-Compared
with states and countries of Europe-Equal to thirty-eight
governments of Europe-Capable of supporting a population.
of eighty-three million-Great productiveness of the soil-
Genial climate-Great natural resources-Commercial im-
portance Mountains-Valleys-Rivers-Climate-Seasons
-Harvests-Forests-Mineral range-Beauties and wonders
of the Sierras....
140
147
CHAPTER XIV.
Mountains-Sierra Nevadas-Winter, spring, and summer in
the Sierras-Snows of the mountains-Farming, lumbering,
and grazing in the Sierras-Forests-Big trees-Shrubs-
Plants-Flowers-Grasses-Poison oak......
159
CHAPTER XV.
Valleys-Trees, vegetables, fruits, flowers, grain, and grasses—
Lakes-Alkaline and borax lakes-Dry lakes-Death valley. 170
CHAPTER XVI.
Rivers-Bays-Harbors-Bay of San Francisco-Puget sound
-Fort Point-Straits-San Quentin-Islands-Seal Rock-
Cliff House-Sea-lions-Golden Gate: origin of the name. 181
CHAPTER XVII.
Islands off the coast-Farallones-Islands in bays and rivers―
First mint in California-Indian tribes-Shell money-
Springs-Petroleum-Mud springs-Calistoga springs-Sul-
phur springs-Soda springs-Tar springs-Asphaltum-
Geysers.....
202
CHAPTER XVIII.
Waterfalls-Yosemite falls-Creeks-Rivers-Mirror lake-
Bridal Vail-Earthquakes...
CHAPTER XIX.
....
214
Zoology-Relics of antiquity-Animals-Birds-Fishes-Bull
and bear fights-Reptiles-Bees-Horned toad-Whales.... 236