I fhall proceed to notice many fub. ftances which deserve the most careful attention of all farmers. I. MUD. This is a collection of very rich manure. To fearch for, fave, and collect this mud, is more or lefs in every farmer's power; and by making more ftraight, wide, and deep, the courfes of brooks and small rivers, with occafional ftops or dams, fo as to occafion ftill water, and a depofit of mud, would, in moft countries, accumulate great quantities of this manure. Mixed with a confiderable proportion of lime fresh from the kiln, and turned over and incorporated as foon as the lime is fallen, mud makes a moft enriching compoft for pafture and meadow land; perhaps nearly equal to the fame quantity of dung which is now purchased at Manchefter, at 6s. per ton, befides carriage and weighing. II. SWEEPING OF THE STREETS, in towns, and COAL ASHES, finely fifted, and kept dry and feparate. Even in the neighbourhood of London it is only from a very late date, that the farmers have found out the value of thefe manures. The parish of Marybone, a few years ago, paid to the fcavengers 5ool. per annum to remove thefe! now the Icavengers pay the parish 1050l. per annum, for the liberty of carrying them -away. In our great towns and factories, what immenfe quantities of coal are confumed, and with how little care and frugality! Were the cinders duly and finely fifted, and burned over again, and the fine afhes kept dry and feparate, to fell to the fcavengers appointed to collect them, there would be a great faving of fuel, and no inconfiderable profit from the ashes. Thefe are fold in London for 14s. a waggon load, and carried 30 miles for a top dreffing for grafs lands; 60 bushels is the allowance for a ftatute acre. III. NIGHT SOIL. Decency and health in most fituations, render it deɓrable to wash this away into the great fewers of towns, &c. yet where this cannot be done, or it may be convenient to remove it to common ftercoraries, to form a compoft with mofs, earth, or other foil, lime, or dry coal-afhes, it is then a powerful manure. Into privies, which do not communicate with fewers, and from whence night-foil must be carried out, it is recommended, frequently to caft down faw-duft, fand, dry afhes, and especially fresh lime hefe fubftanses will prevent difagreea ble or unwhole fome fmells, and greatly encreafe the quantity and value of the manure; they will also render its removal lefs offenfive and troublefome. IV. BONES. The ufe of these, as a top dreffing, is well known, yet they are pot feparately collected or preferved with due care. The labour of breaking or grinding them to fmall pieces, or into powder, by machines, may be faved; quick lime will reduce, and form a va luable addition to the bones, V. REFUSE MATTERS, of various kinds. Sweepings of cotton and woollen mills, work fhops, warehouses, &c. rubbish of old buildings, &o. VI. SEA WEED, SEA SHELLS, and SEA GRAVEL. VII. RIVER WEEDS. Of these there is great abundance in many rivers,meres, brooks, ponds, and wet ditches. When thefe are in full vegetation, they fhould be taken out, and laid, for a few days, in fmall parcels, to let the water drain from them. They should then be laid in large heaps to ferment; when this is over, the weeds fhould be mixed with three times their quantity of earth, and after a fhort interval turned and well mixed into a top dreffing for grais lands. VIII. SWEEPINGS OF ROADS, to mix with lime. IX. SPENT TANNER'S BARK, to mix with lime. X. PEAT or Moss, dried, and broken fmall, to lay, in confiderable quantities, at the bottoms of farm-yards and dunghills; to form compofts with dung and lime, and with lime alone; and to be laid, without addition, on thin gravelly, limeftone, or fandy foils. It is of importance to us to be acquainted with thefe ufes of our vast quantities of mofs earth. What advantages might be derived to our diftrict, if the immenfe quantities of foap-fuds, urine, and dirty water of all forts, all impregnated with oil or alkaline falts, which are now thrown or washed away, were preferved, and thrown on heaps of peat, or other earths capable to abforb and retain the enriching moisture. XI. DECAYED VEGETABLES from gardens, &c. and leaves of trees. XII. The PUTRID WATER of stagnant pools, ditches, &c. and from the fteepings of flax and hemp; from tant-pits, &c. and from refervoirs for dung water, to be carried on the fields by water-carts, or mixed with peat foil, and lime, into a compeft. of XIII. The ASHES of whis, fern, heath, ragwort. thiftles, docks, weeds, coarfe grafs, dreffings of hedges, col. lected and burned, by clofe fires into alhes. XIV. The REFUSE of bleachers alhes, and the great quantities of refufe ley in those works, which are still fuffered to run to wafte. Thefe would make fertile compofts, with peat earth, or other foils and lime. XV. SOAP SUDS or LEY. The quantities of this valuable article, which are washed away, throughout this kingdom, are immenfe. Were it preferved, it would form, with proper earths, an abundance of good top dreffings. The Chinese are minutely attentive to this article'; even the barbers fave their fuds. These are very useful in gardens, and for fruit trees. XVI. A great addition may be made to the manure of a farm, and the quantity of dry litter, by collecting in their frong growth (though before they ripen their feeds), fern, coarfe bent, ling, heath, and the coarse herbage of paftures and hedges, refused by the cattle. XVII. PEAT ASHES. Our extensive moffes prefent to us an inexhaustible ftore of the best manure, for fuch peat afhes unquestionably are. If mois or peat, by burning, will yield a 22d part of its weight of alkaline falt, it is afferted that it will fully repay the expence of burning it into aflies. But many bogs yield a much greater proportion. A ftatute acre of peat for burning has been fold in Berk hire for zool. XVIII. The ufe of WATER as a manure, by floating, is an object of the greatest confequence to the agriculture of our counties. XIX. There is another fource of improvement loft to the country, but not through the fault of the farmers, viz. REFUSE SALT. I truft the very impolitic restriction which forbids the ufe of this valuable manure, and caufes its total lofs, will foon be removed by the exertions of this Society, and those of the Hon. Board of Agriculture. DESULTORY REMARKS ON THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF MUSIC, ADDRESSED TO A YOUNG LADY WHILE UNDER THE TUITION OF AN EMINENT MASTER. Written in the Years 1790-1 and 2. [Continued from Page 115.] 6. A STUDY of thofe Compofers of Mufic whole Works are held moft in esteem should be diligently purfaed, fo that the Learner may become acquainted with the ftile and manner of cach, and thence be enabled to diftinguith, by their peculiarities, the Compofition of one Author from that of another; to point out their respective beauties and faults, and by a judicious difcrimination of each to inanifeft judge. ment and tafte in this material part of Harmonic Learning. The Works of Corelli, Geminiani, and Handel, are the first in eminence among the Claffic Authors of the Old School, as are Haydn and Pleyel of that now prevalent. Befide thefe elaborate Writers in the Grand or full Orchestra ftile, there are many Composers of great merit, who may be claffed as Mifcellaneous Authors, their productions being deftined chiefly for particular Inftruments, or particular occafions only. It is certain, that a careful attention to the reading, if paffing the eye along the notes while the mind is contemplating its Theme or Subj &t may fo be termed, will gradually lead the Pupil on to a share of knowledge in the Science of Mufic well deferving attainment, and in its acquifition amply requite all the up-hill rugged toil of intenfe and dry labour. Thus the head and the hand, proceeding in unifon, will each become improved, and fuch proficiency in each will be ob tained as muft render Mufic a pleafing, a rational, and a permanent refource at all times, and in every fituation in life; and when, from its viciffitudes, Prac tice fhall ceafe, ftill will the skilful Amateur experience folace and delight, even when under the anguish of Malady or Grief, in the concord of fweet founds, and in the powers of Harmonic Compofition; fo that while the Ear is ravished, Да? the the Judgment fhall approve, and the Mind become foothed and charmed into a ftate of ferenity. 7. In PERFORMANCE great caution fhould be used to avoid becoming a Mannerift, or imitator of any particular Mafter, however eminent as fuch he may be; elfe will you gradually acquire a peculiar ftile and mode of fingering in executing a Leffon which will characterize you as the Difciple of fome certain School, rather than diftinguish you as a Performer of real excellence, and prevent your being held in eftimation for Genius, Tafte, and Science. To avert fuch reftriction, on the Finger efpecially, a clofe attention fhould be given to the file and mode of Execution in each Profeffor; difcriminating the points in which either they excel or are defective;, and treasuring in mind the particular merits of each, and bringing them habitually into practice; accuftom your felf to diverfity; yet, like APELLES, felecting from the beft, the best parts only, until at length, on the basis of Judgement and Tate, you eftablish in yourself a graceful manner, a clear, correct, diftinct and emphatic mode of Execution, without being the Eteve of any School whatever. To affift towards this perfection, after having fo long ftudied under one Mafter as to have become thoroughly verfed in the Rudiments of Mufic, and killed in its practical part, I fhould advife your taking Leflons, occafionally, from other Teachers, chufing thofe only of first rate eminence. I mean not, however, that you are to have more than one Mafter at one time, but to engage them in fucceflion, and fo, by a Courfe of Leffons from each, become converfant in the prevailing manner of each, and thus acquire an extenfive knowledge of the varieties of file in fingering and delivery now in afe. But this idea fhould not have doption until much diligent practice, and a perfect knowledge of the Rudiments of Mufic have properly qualified the Student to difcriminate and to decide on the Merits of Performance in others by Skill in her own. 1 8. PRECISION, as to TIME and ARTICULATION, is as indifpenfible in Mufic as in Oratory; each note fhould be diftindly uttered and properly ac-. cented, and all paufes, or refts, duly obferved. The Crefcendo and Diminuendo, or, as they are often called, Light and Stade, muft alfo be produced. Thefe Radicals fhould ever be attended to, and beyond these are Tafte, Feeling, and Expreffion, as requifites to the forming a diftinguished AMATEUR PERFORMER in these days, when the difficulties of the Finger Board are conquered by Lady Players in their earlier years. 9. Before any AMATEUR PERFOR MER delivers a Leffon in Company, it fhould be carefully perufed, and repeatedly practifed in private, that the Moti vo, or Sentiment of each Movement, therein may be thoroughly understood, fo that the governing Principle of the Author, in each divifion of his Compofition, may be, on public exhibition, diftinely and emphatically conveyed to the Auditors. A chafte, correct, and expreffive delivery evinces Judgement in the Performer as well as skill, and argues a deference towards the Compo fer; while, on the contrary, an eager endeavour at embellishment, with an carneftnefs to dilplay dexterity of Finger, without regard to the text of the Leffon, fhews that Conceit and Vanity predominate in the Performer, who plays not to give pleasure, but is labouring to extort applaufe. HAMLET's requeft feems well adapted, as admonition, to fuch Gallopers over an Inftrument. Speak the Speech, I pray you, as it is fet down for you in the Book." 10. TONE, a material qualification towards forming a perfect Performer, is a fubject on which I will now offer you my fentiments. Much muft depend on the Inherent Powers of an Inftrument. That richness, that dignity of Sound, which a GRAND PIANO FORTE will, yield, under the hands of a spirited and judicious Performer, cannot be produced by any one from the feeble SPIN NET, or the quilly tinkling HARPSICHORD; but as you have at command the best Modern Inftrument, improved to a state of excellence, it has all the properties of Tone, and we may fay of it, as the Clown did by the Fiddle, "that there is certainly mufic in it: the difficuity confifts in bringing it forth;" but this with you, will, I truft, be attained by ftudious practice, by ftrict attention to the Sounds produced from it by fu.. perior Players, and by making yourself well acquainted with Modulation. TONE, in its ftrict fenfe, is that fomething, which a chafte Ear, a Soul attuned to Melody, and a Paffion for Mufic, alone can acquire; it depends on Genius and on Feeling, without which neither Fire nor Pathos can be difplayed, nor can Modulation be properly enforced unti Tone dexter tricks. Chafte, correct, and emphatic Performance is not, at all times, duly practifed even by Profeffors of Mufic; and its indeed, "caviar to the Multitude," with whom Celerity, Noife, Shakes in abundance, and manual efforts of various kinds, pafs as proofs of ex Tone is attained. Thus, as before hinted, although there be Tone in the Inftrument, yet to bring it forth in perfection," in this the task, the mighty labour lies." To acquire a rich, a full, and mellifluous TONE is the DESIDERATUM beyond all other qualities in a Performer; but Profeffionalifts them-cellence. But permit me to recommend felves do not alike fucceed in their attempts herein. The mellow, impreffive, Organ-like Tone is fuperior in fignificance and effect to that quilly and vapid found produced by the generality of Piano-Forte Players; thofe even who are vafly admired for what is called Execution, in an age wherein Rapidity of Finger is held to be the Criterion of capital performance. A good Tone, fuch as I have aimed to defcribe, and fuch as I have earnestly recommended, acquired and established, Expreffion becomes an object for confideration, and without which, Sound, though it may gratify the Ear, can Dever touch the Heart.. Each movement has its refpective meaning or fignification, and which can only be conveyed by Tone and Expreffion in the adaption of both to its Motivo or Sentiment. The Notes may be regarded as the Body, the Motivo as the Soul of Mufic, and that merits not the name of Compofition, which is not governed and animated by fome principle or theme in each of its divifions, which is its Effence. When a well-compofed Leffon is under delivery, how injurious to its Author is it to obfcure its fubject, to deftroy its meaning, and thus deprive him of that praife due to his talents, by a frivolous and licentious manner of executing it, merely through the vanity of traverfing the Finger Board with rapidity, and the conceit of fhewing fome ftudied ambi LYCOPHRON'S to your obfervance the Selection of fuch I fhould conceive that the feveral Movements in mufic do each require a refpective and diftinct mode or manner of touch on the Keys, fuch as fhall be best adapted to convey to the Ear, and thence' to the Feelings, the Motivo or Subject. That preffure and firmnefs of hand requifite, perhaps, in the flower movements, may not be wanting, or proper even, in Paffages of Rapidity, where flexibility, elafticity, and delicacy of touch, are certainly neceffary, and where only trick of finger, Capriciofos, and what are called Graces and Embellishments, can with any propriety be intro duced, or have an ad libitum license for their admition. L. 88. (To be continued.) CASSANDRA. SIR HUGH AND THE MAIDEN, AN ANCIENT BALLAD. In the prefent Age of Literary Impofition it is incumbent on every person who exhibits to the Publick the productions of former times to accompany them with fuch evidence as will enable thefe who are converfant with fuch works to judge of their authenticity. This rule however, on the prefent occasion, we are obliged to difpenfe with. The following Ballad is fent us by an anonymous Correfpondent with affurances that the genuineness of it may be relied on. It ap pears to bear the marks of the age in which it is faid to have been transcribed : the paper is old, the ink faded, and the manner of writing not of a later date, Should any doubt be still entertained, we fhall be ready to fhew the original to any perfon whom curiofity may prompt to defire an infpection of it. The Spelling of the original is exactly followed. NERE SIR HUGH AND THE MAIDEN. ERE to Carleile there dwells [a] knight, Of gode and comlye meine, If I this ftorie tell aright, And folkes take what I meane. ter, If he thought he wold not fay naye, So traitory ftories fhe often wolde telle, Which coming to the knights heering And he offered to them whoever wolde Who this knight fholde be Gladd was the Maide when she did The knight was ftriken with baile, I come frae your wife as I ha life, Muche goulde and goode cuntrie. O! nere wille I flepe till I ha wreked My fweards pointe in his bluide, The mickleft vilane that ever has wente Tween this and Engish-wood. “O fir, quoth the Maiden, he is nae "knight, "But a man of lowe degree, "And when the funne is depein owre the hill, "At thy Ladyes bowre windowe hele "Ycladd in your best graine doublett, "And not a ftranger knight." He writhed his minde baith backe and Now anger and crumpling jeeloufie Did our knights harte torment, roode That his fere he wolde ha brent. "Helle |
