which make the laws and the government beloved; finally, that character of ftrength which makes them refpected.

The Piedmontefe nation, profiting by the terrible leffons of experience, ought to guard itfelf against thofe evils which produce revolutions in all nations. Thefe evils are generally the refult of the unrestrained action of all the pallions artfully disguised under the appearance of public good; the different collifions of thefe paffions always bring with them diforders, revenge, and profcriptions. Liberty, prefented under fuch hideous fhapes, becomes odious to all parties.

The Piedmontefe nation, more fortunate than the French nation, is guided in its firft fteps to liberty by Bonaparte, who has fo happily restored tranquillity in France, and who labours with. fuch great fuccefs in the reconciliation of all parties. It will, confequently, enjoy all the advantages of the revolution without fupporting all its calamities, without running all its dangers.

You, citizens, charged to govern this nation provifionally, use every effort to restore union and confidence among all the citizens. Abate with wifdom the ardour of those boiling fpirits who will allow no bounds to liberty: watch with vigilance thofe who, pretending to be initiated in the fecrets of government, announce with complacency the re-establishment of the old order of things, because they defire it. Reftrain with force thofe ftill more dangerous men who, by exaggeration in all parties, fpread every where diforder, fuel and nourishment for divifions.

Organ of the French government to you, I fhall affift you with all the authority with which I am invefted, and shall respect I fhall purfue with confidence the road already traced by my predecellor (General Dupont): may I one day, like him, carry away your efteem and regret!

Speech of Citizen Botta.

CITIZEN Botta, interpreter of the fentiments of the Confulta, faid, that the French government could not give to the Piedmontefe people a greater proof of the intereft which it feels in its happinefs, than by appointing for minifter a general as praiseworthy for his pacific virtues, as renowned for his military exploits.

"You appear in the midft of us," faid he, " in a moment of difficulty; but if you meet every where the traces of mifery and of an odious regime, you will find nevertheless a good difpofition and a happy union among all the conflituted authorities. You will finith the work which the wife and modeft Dupont has fo well begun. The moderation and friendly fervices of the vanquithers of the Rhine, the Danube, the Nile, and the Po, will

never be effaced from our memory. We fhall ever remember, that if the virtuous Catinat had formally difobeyed the orders of his king to defolate this unhappy country, you have faithfully followed thofe of the firft magiftrate of the republic to carry to it liberty, peace, happiness, and plenty."

The Confulta charged three of its members, Botta, Pioffafco, and Ricatti, to wait upon General Dupont, and exprefs to him its gratitude for the lively intereft which he fhowed during his adminiftration for the general welfare of the Piedmontefe nation, and for fecuring its independence and tranquillity,

Letter from General Launay, commanding the Country of Lucca, to the Auftrian General Sommariva.

I

Lucca, August 17. THOUGHT, Mr. General, that it would have been fufficient to apprize you that the conduct of the national troops of Tuf cany towards travellers and the inhabitants of countries occupied by our armies, was contrary to the convention that exists between us, to honour, and to military loyalty, to be fatisfied that you would restore every thing relating thereto to perfect order. It is therefore with pain that I find myfelf obliged to inform you that thefe troops every day conduct themfelves worfe and worfe. The fubjoined report proves that they have not only violated the territory of Lucca, but that they have there been guilty of an affaffination which appears to me to have been commanded by one of the chiefs. Thefe are horrible proceedings, General. I should not have thought that it would be neceffary to eftablish posts upon the line to make it refpected. When fhall there be a treaty between two belligerent powers which a man of honour may rely upon? I have too good an opinion of you to think you capable of tolerating fuch diforders; but at all events I invite you to communicate to me your intentions refpecting this fubject, in order that I may be able to give an account of them to my chiefs. Be perfuaded, Mr. General, that I fhall never fuffer fuch outrages to be committed with impunity in a country where I command. I wait your answer.

LAUNAY.

P. S. Read, if you pleafe, Mr. General, in the convention figned at Verona, the 12th Thermidor (Aug. 2), the article relative to travellers; you will there fee that they ought to be protected and refpected.

Journal

Journal of the Proceedings of Vice-admiral Dickfon's Squadron in Support of Lord Whitworth's Demands from the Danish Government, extracted from a private Letter, dated September 14.

THE return of the fquadron under the command of Vice-admi

ral Dickson to Yarmouth Roads, enables me to furnish you, for the information of the public, with an account of its operations, from the time it quitted England to this period. Such a detail will doubtlefs gratify a difcerning people, and will not fail to call forth their gratitude, fo eminently due to its commander, to whofe efforts and vigorous co-operation with Lord Whitworth may be afcribed the happy and honourable refult of the negotiation, which has relieved the country from the great additional expenfe of blood and treafure, that muft neceffarily have been the confequence of a war with the northern powers: his firmness, and the decifive movements of the fquadron, have been the caufe of Denmark's yielding fatisfaction for the laft, and fecurity for her future conduct: in a word, the vigorous measures taken by Lord Whitworth as negotiator, and by Vice-admiral Dickfon as poffelling the ultima ratio regum, have nipped in the bud the nearlyconfolidated power of an armed neutrality, which, if it had ripened to maturity, would have ftripped England of every advan tage arifing from her fuperior navy.

I fhall begin by informing you, that we failed from Yarmouth with the hips and veffels, viz. Monarch, Glatton, Polyphemus, Ardent, Veteran, Romney, Ifis, Waakzamheid, and Martin; Volcano, Hecla, Sulphur, and Zebra, bombs; Boxer, Furious, Griper, Swinger, and Haughty, gun-veffels, on the 9th day of Auguft, at feven in the morning. We had a fair wind, though but little of it, during our paffage; nevertheless, by ordering the faft-failing fhips to tow the flow-failing ones, we reached the Skaw on the 15th following, having previously dispatched Sir Home Popham, in the Romney, to advance as high as to the entrance of the Sound, for the purpose of procuring intelligence of the ftrength and pofition of the Danes, and for forwarding fuch difpatches as he might meet with from Lord Whitworth.

On the 14th we had received information, that three fail of Danish 74-gun fhips were moored, with fprings on their cables, across the narrowest part of the Sound, extending from Cronberg caftle to the Swedish thore; and that the guard-fhip (a frigate of 40 guns) was moored fo as to defend that flank of their line next the cattle.

On the 16th, at four o'clock in the morning, the whole of the fquadron had advanced as high as the Knolt; it blew hard at N. W. which wind is directly through the Sound, and it would appear the Admiral's orders were not to enter it.

On Saturday the 17th, a Danith 74-gun fhip paffed through the fquadron,

fquadron, and proceeded to Elfineur, where he took her station in the line for two days, during a hard gale of wind at N. W. did the fquadron continue to beat against it, and by great exertions nearly held its ground; but it continuing to blow with equal violence on the third day, and the Ardent and Glatton (two bad failing hips) being in a very dangerous and critical fituation, and the masters, pilots, and others in the fleet, having already declared that the Sound afforded no anchorage for the fquadron, the Admiral dispatched a letter to Sir Home Popham in the Romney (who on account of the gale had entered the Sound), defiring him to apprife Lord Whitworth and the Danish Commodore, of his intentions to proceed to Elfineur; a fituation the Admiral chofe for three reafons (I apprehend); Firft, to afford fecurity and protection to the British trade in the Baltic;-Secondly, for afety to the fquadron; and, laftly, by his actual prefence, to ive weight to the negotiation Lord Whitworth was charged with. With thefe views, the Admiral caufed the fquadron to bear up on the 19th for Elfineur: it proceeded accordingly to the Sound, in which it anchored at three P. M. and rode in fafety, notwithstanding the pilots had afferted it to be impoffible. The Admiral ftopped here for the purpofe of making his arrangements for paffing the caftle and the Danish fquadron, in the event of hoftile proceedings on their part; but he had fcarcely anchored before he had received a very polite letter from Commodore Leikin, commanding the Danish fhips, inviting him, in the name of his King, to come to Elfineur Roads.

I fhall not take upon me to decide, whether this measure was dictated by fincerity, or whether it was an act arifing from neceffity on the part of the Danish court; but I fancy it did away a difficulty in the Admiral's orders. Here Sir Home Popham went on board the flag-fhip; the Admiral alfo received dispatches from Lord Whitworth, requefting him to come to Elfineur. He now determined to put his plan into execution; directions were therefore given this evening, accompanied by an order of anchorage, for the ships to weigh feparately on the fucceeding morning, and paffing the fort and the Danish line, to anchor above them, agreeably to the prefcribed order. In the morning the Admiral went on board the Romney, and paffing very near the caftle, proceeded about twelve miles up, and anchored off Sophienberg, in expectation of feeing Lord Whitworth; but his Lordship being engaged with the Danish minifters this day, could not meet him. He went the next, when he met his Lordship, and a plan of Co-operation was agreed upon, in confequence of which the Romney advanced to Copenhagen, and four bomb and two gun veffels occupied the intermediate fpace between that thip and the fquadron, for the purpofe of communication, which, by means of a telegraph established by Sir Home Popham, was both rapid VOL. X. P

and

and correct, Matters being carried thus far by way of demonftration, the Danish court, which at first treated with ridicule our pretenfions, began to fee things in a ferious point of view; it had inquired, and found that our veffels chofen for communication were compofed of bombs, placed alfo in a fituation to bombard the city of Copenhagen, and the fquadron advanced, fo as to be able to protect and cover them in the execution of such service,

On the 22d, the Danish men of war feeing themselves cut off, made a movement, anchored above the British squadron, and moored up and down the channel leading to Copenhagen: they gave as a reafon for this movement, that they had anchored on bad holding ground; the Admiral therefore pleaded the fame excufe, and made a counter-movement, and placed the fquadron in its relative pofition to that of the Danish fhips: but from our numbers we were much advanced above them, and in a situation to cut them off as effectually as at first, without the fear of being annoyed by the fort.

On the 24th, the Danifh fhips made another movement, which the Admiral intended in the evening to counteract, and weighed for that purpofe, but they again got under fail, and ran higher up. As enough had been done (I apprehend) by way of demon ftration, I conclude the Admiral intended to let them reft here; but their movements, and the feveral pofitions they had taken, were merely feints to difguife their real intentions, for the next day they ran up to Copenhagen, paffed the Romney, and moored acrofs the harbour. The Danish court now held a different language; it came into terms, and matters were amicably adjusted.

It is common in Denmark, during the harveft, to permit the freemen belonging to the army to affift in getting in the corn; the whole of them on this occafion were called in to join their feveral regiments; and all the country round was employed in repairing and ftrengthening the fortrefs of Cronberg, and the works around Copenhagen. A great expenfe has been incurred by Denmark, which they have levied a tax of 2 per cent. on all trade to defray.

Ruffian Edict,

N confequence of the order of his Excellency Chevalier Papow, Major-general commandant at Riga, of the 28th inftant (Auguft), it is hereby made known to your honourable Senate, that his Imperial Majefty, after having received the account of the violent behaviour of the English against Denmark, and also that one of their fleets had paffed the Sound, by which, the paffage being blocked up, may have great influence on the whole trade of the Baltic feas, he has been pleafed to order, that, for fecurity against any disadvantage that may arife to the Ruffian

commerce,