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and bound in book form; copies, in sheets, of music which once stirred the popular heart, as 'Away Down South in Dixie,' 'Annie Laurie,' 'When Johnnie Comes Marching Home Again,' 'Battle Cry of Freedom,' 'Maid of Athens,' 'Rally Round the Flag, Boys,' 'Rock Me to Sleep, Mother,' 'Sweet Ellen Bain,' Marching Through Georgia ;' other ditties, procured because of the affectedly sentimental character of their titles, such as 'Be Good to Your Mother, John, Father's a Drunkard and Mother is Dead'; still others, which he sought because their titles were extraordinary, were 'Never Kick Your Mother When She's Down,' 'Papa's Teeth are Plugged with Zinc,' 'Baby's Food is Filled with Tacks,' and 'Kiss the Hand That Raised the Lump.' Especially were these songs attractive to him if the title pages contained crude designs weirdly illustrative of the text, and he thought the unconscious humor of these clap-trap bits of sentiment much finer than any premeditated effort at fun."

When Field went to London he wrote to a friend here: "My chef d'autre will be to secure one of the famous axes with which Mr. Gladstone hews down trees in the Forest of Hawarden." He obtained the axe, with a postal card from Mr. Gladstone, authenticating the implement. He cherished this and the editorial scissors presented to him. by Charles A. Dana as the chief glories of his collection. It was a delight to Field's friends, however, that he never allowed his bookishness or any of his hobbies to turn

him into a preoccupied, dry and uncompanionable man. It was his sense of humor that saved him. Mr. Wilson says: "Field's mind and heart were wide open to the sunshine of humor and the joy of laughter. He declared that the man who neglected an opportunity to laugh was as injudicious as he who denied himself a proper amount of fresh air; then, with fatal inconsistency, he himself revelled in laughter, but stayed indoors. His boyish sport was contagious; it was as if one's glee longed to take on a personal form and shake hands with his equally personified merriment. He characterized those wet blankets, those assassinators of mirth who refuse to believe that the cheerful man can be possessed of a refined sensibility, as. drones in the hive of happiness, and he thought they merited the fate of their insect confreres. Viewed in the light of policy alone, he believed in laughter, and thought it the surest way to make people kind. What misfortune, he said, was ever made the lighter by grief? What misfortune ever made the heavier by laughter? Since when are people attracted by sighs? Since when are people repelled by smiles? If one is patronized merely because one smiles, how easy to repay one's patrons with a smirk !"

Mr. Wilson has gathered within the covers of this little book many illustrations of Field's drollery, but he protests against the conception of the man which ignores his studious habits and serious work, pointing out that his friend labored incessantly at the acquisition of knowl

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(By courtesy of Monarch Book Co., Publishers of Prof. Gunsaulus' Work on "Gladstone. ')

WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE.

When this number reaches our readers there will probably be very few who have not read in some paper or magazine a more or less able or lengthy biography of England's Grand Old Man. Gladstone, who died on the 19th of May, was so great a man that the occurrence of his death, deeply felt and lamented the world over, though not unexpected, placed imperative demands upon every journal of the day to pay its tribute to his memory. We certainly do not wish to remain behind. Yet we must confess it is almost impossible to give an adequate picture of his life, character and work in a short article. Many competent and able writers have given us excellent and exhaustive biographies of Gladstone-we quote on page 61 a few of the best and most popular works about him-* many more will doubtless before long undertake the thankful, yet not easy task to become his biographers. The plain facts of Gladstone's career have been told so often that it seems almost superfluous to sum them up once more. We quote the following resumé of his life and career from the Publishers Weekly:

"Almost a century of English his tory is embraced in the life of the statesman who died May 19, at his home at Hawarden.

Born six years Born six years before the battle of Waterloo, Gladstone witnessed a transformation of the political and social life of every European country, and watched and

He

studied many epoch-making discoveries of science and invention. was the fourth son of a successful merchant of Liverpool, and from the hour of his birth had every advantage that education and money could procure. He passed from Eton to Oxford, and in 1831 obtained the "double first"-the highest academic honors in mathematics, physics and letters.

Gladstone's parliamentary career began in 1832. He was Junior Lord of the Treasury in 1834, UnderSecretary for the Colonies in 1835, Vice-President of the Board of Trade in 1841, President of the same Board in 1843, Secretary for the Colonies in 1846, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1852-'55, 1859-'66, and 1873-74, and Prime Minister for four terms, beginning in 1868, 1880, 1885 and 1892. He finally retired in 1895. He served in the Ministries of Sir Robert Peel, the Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Palmerston, and Earl Russell, and was leader either for the Government or for the Opposition for twenty-two years, with the exception of the interregnum when the Marquis of Hartington took his place. During this long period of official and parliamentary service nearly all the great reform measures which serve as landmarks of English progress during the century have been enacted.

"The great natural gifts and unlimited power of work which had gained a 'double first' at Oxford were conspicuous all through his

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