59. Naar kaeren prediker for gaasen staaer halsen i fare. "When the fox preaches to the geese their necks are in jeopardy;" or, as we say, "When the fox preaches, let the geese beware of their necks." "They pay dear for their lesson who deal with sharpers."

60. At give bager-harn hvede-bröd. "To give bread to a baker's son." This is the Danish form of our proverb, "To send coals to Newcastle," or "To carry water to the Thames." The German form is, Das Wasser in Rhin tragen. The expression hvede-bröd, literally wheat bread (wheaten bread), is the same as the Scottish white bread. White is Scottish for wheat. Wheaten bread is made only by bakers in Scotland-there the peasantry make their oaten and barley bread; and it may be inferred, from the Danish proverb, that the peasantry of Denmark also make their rye bread and that therefore giving wheaten bread to a baker's son is like "carrying coals to Newcastle."

:

61. "To close the mouth as well as the purse." Det var godt at man bandt saavel for munden som for pungen. This is a good pro

verb: "Few are so careful of their words as they are of their money." The form of the proverb is rythmical, and, excepting the relative word som and pungen, the purse, all the words are English.

62. Man skaaley trange sig emellen bark og træe. This is the Danish version of the English proverb, " Put not your hand between the bark and the tree." "Meddle not with the quarrels of relatives." A good-natured stranger, once interfered to hinder a man from beating his wife, and was attacked by both. The wife said, "Cannot a man beat his wife when he pleases without asking your leave?"

63. Det barn er ilde (ill) slaget der ikke maae græde. The Scots say, "It is a sair (beaten) dung bairn that may not greet (cry).” "The Englishman has the privilege of grumbling." The Danish and Scottish versions are the same, only for slaget the latter say dung. The Scots say, "They that do bidding saer ! (deserve) nae denging (beating)." They also say when it rains, "It is dingin on." Græde is an example of the t in English or Scottish being changed into d in Danish.

64. Grædende barn gior sinngende amme. "A crying child makes a singing nurse." This is not very unlike the form of our Scot

tish proverb, "A daft nurse makes a wise wean:" an excuse for the senseless babble of nurses who have to amuse children.

65. Det er et klogt (wise) barn som kiender sin fuder. "It's a wise bairn that knows its own father." It is a common saying in Scotland, when the question is asked, "Is this

your child ?" "His mother says so."

66. Barn skal krybe bil def laerer at gaae. "A child must creep ere he walk;" or, as the Scots say, "Must creep ere he gang (go)." The Danes say, "Till he learn to go."

67. Klogt barn lever ey længe. "A wise child is short-lived." "Too good to live," is a common saying among our simple country people. The Scots say, "A man at five, and a fool at fifteen." The Italians say, "Wise in youth, and foolish in age." In the Poggiano, the sayings of Poggio the Florentine, who lived in the 15th century, there is a story of a certain cardinal who repeated this proverb before a precocious child, and the juvenile retorted, "Your eminence must then have been very wise when you were a child."

68. Bedre at born bede for ældreno end for ældrene barnene. "Better children beg from parents, than parents from children." Bede still exists in our word beads (beadsman). Beads were, and still are, used in counting prayers. Beadsman is a beggar, or one who asks or prays for alms. The Scots say—

"He that taks a' his gear and gies it to his bairns, It were well waured to tak a mell and beat out his harns (brains)."

They say that the saw took its rise from the following incident. A fond father, like King Lear, divided all his property among his children, relying on their filial generosity for his own support. He met with the same treatment as the ancient British king did, and when he died he left a mallet in his box (chest), with this inscription-

"I, John Bell, leaves (leave) hear a mell
The man to fell (kill),

Who gives a' to his bairns,

And keeps naething to himsel."

69. Bedre seldeg (late) end aldrig. "Better late than never." This proverb is too often urged as an excuse for not taking time by the forelock. The pudding should be handled, and the iron struck, while hot.

(To be continued.)

MR. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, the senior editor of the well-known Edinburgh Journal, visited the United States some time ago, for the purpose, as we understood, of giving the results of his travelling observations in a series of papers to be published in that periodical. He adopted the business-like title of Things as they are in America,* and the articles, as they appeared in successive numbers of the Journal, were read with much interest. They are now reprinted in a volume of convenient size. They are written in the eminently practical spirit which is one of the author's characteristics, and seem to have been composed in a temper of stoical, predetermined impartiality. The subject may be accounted amongst those which are pretty considerably hacknied; for the number of travellers who have said their say about our American friends is legion. Yet Mr. Chambers, albeit resorting to no meretricious artifices, nor overcoloured caricatures, gives us much of what is both new and good, and has done well to reprint his notes and observations.

So much discussion-and that not always of the most temperate character-has sprung up of late years respecting the comparative and distinctive advantages of self-education and academic education respectively, that it might almost have been imagined that the two were antagonistic and irreconcilable, and that one could not exist in association with the other. It is with much pleasure, therefore, that we see the question put on its true footing in Professor MASSON's lecture on College Education and Self-Education, which has very properly been printed for general circulation. The professor satisfactorily demonstrates, in an argument of true logical convention, that the two conditions are not only reconcilable, but naturally and closely connected. It must however be admitted, that self-education is the more important. A man may go to college, and leave it an ignoramus, if the process of self-teaching be neglected. But the earnest student, however poor, neglected, and isolated, will possess the conscious dignity of some one branch of knowledge, even though that knowledge may not be very exact or profound, or his power of profiting by it so ready as if he had had the advantage of university training. The lecturer makes some sensible remarks on the absurd outery which certain folks, who pretend to be eminently "practical," are endeavouring to get up against the use of scientific technicalities in nomenclature. These technicalities are, for the most part, far more simple, manageable, and convenient, than any paraphrases that could be substituted for them-besides being indispensable as common media of communication between scholars and philosophers in different countries. We trust that this excellent lecture may be widely circulated.

THE German philologists have long held the first rank in the investigation of the radical ana

London: W. and R. Chambers. † London: Walton and Maberley.

logies of languages. The indefatigable patience with which one of these ponderous scholars will employ half a life in the elucidation of a grammatical difficulty, which, to bustling men of the world, would seem altogether trivial, adds scrap after scrap to the sum-total of knowledge, until the aggregate exhibits noble and important results, and lays the foundation of grand discoveries in philological science. The scholarship of the present age differs from that of former times, inasmuch as it is inductive, comparative, and experimental, instead of being arbitrary and empirical; and Germany has taken the lead in bringing about this revolution. We have now before us, in three respectable volumes, Mr. EASTWICK'S translation of Professor Bopp's celebrated Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German, and Sclavonic Languages. It is an admirable monument, raised by a master-mind, to the genius of analogy. Professor Bopp's mental constitution is essentially analytical in all that relates to the relations of human speech. The list of languages set forth above, reminds us of regions and races the most widely separated in local situation; and the manner in which the author traces out points of relationship and of divergence, without exhibiting any tendency to far-fetched inference or loose theorising, affords a pleasing example of the power of a single mind when its cultivated energies are concentrated on a given subject. The Comparative Grammar is decidedly the greatest philological work of the age, and we welcome the second edition of Mr. Eastwick's capital translation.

THE natural history of bees contains lessons of the most curious and instructive kind; and the study of the habits and instinct of the industrious little honey-makers, has occupied the whole life of many a wise and learned man in ancient and modern time. Bees, their Habits, Management, and Treatment, by the Rev. G. WOOD, is the latest book on the subject, and, if we mistake not, in every way the most complete and interesting that has appeared in the English language. It would be difficult to imagine any matter of interest concerning the apiarian community on which information is not imparted in this carefully-written work; and the letter-press contents are aided and enriched by some capital illustrations. It is just the book for universal reference by all persons who are practically concerned in the management of bees, and not less adapted for perusal by all who would make acquaintance, through the most agreeable medium of introduction conceivable, with one of the most interesting chapters in the great book of nature. The anecdotical and narrative portions will be found fraught with entertaining information, and the "tales of the wars" (in the beehive) possess a degree of interest which can only be understood when the reader sits fairly down in a leisurely way to enjoy it. Every year witnesses the rise and fall of many a winged Semiramis, each of whom brings forth the moderate number of from

* London: Madden & Co.

† London: Routledge and Co.

60,000 to 100,000 eggs during the year, whilst each, in her turn, is forced to set forth at the head of her legions in search of new homes and terri

tories.

AMONGST the classical scholars of the last generation, HENRY FYNES CLINTON was one of the most eminent. Proprietor of an ample fortune, he relinquished the ordinary pleasures of men of easy station, in order to devote himself to studies which, if arduous and abstruse, possess peculiar fascinations for a certain order of minds, which seem "to the manner born." Mr. Clinton's Literary Remains* have just made their appearance. They consist of an autobiography, a literary journal, and some essays, chiefly on theological subjects. Mr. Clinton's intercourse with men who, in their day, were eminent in the various occupations of life wherein honourable fame is acquired, together with his own excellent taste and great information on many subjects, impart to the journal and autobiography a peculiar degree of interest. The criticisms with which his jottings down are plentifully interspersed, exhibit great acumen, and in some places prodigious learning; though some of the opinions expressed by him are of a character which, having seen their day, are not likely to be resuscitated. It would be a hopeless task, for example, to attempt to persuade modern students that an hour devoted to the painful process of extricating from a labyrinthal lexicon the meaning of a dozen words, is better employed than the same amount of time employed in adequately mastering, by a more facile method, the spirit of an equal number of verses. His remarks on the distinction between studying an author and studying a subject, are models of subtle ratiocination. One of Mr. Clinton's great student feats consisted in the perusal, in the space of ten years, of some 40,000 pages of Greek; and there is every reason to believe that he was a conscientious reader. His Fasti Hellenici, and Fasti Romani, are the works through which his name will be remembered. Their composition occupied very many years of his life, and they are valuable additions to the sum of popular knowledge, not only respecting the festivals, but the general manners and customs of the ancient masters of arts and arms. The judicious editorial labours of the Rev. C. J. Fynes Clinton contribute materially to enhance the value of the work before us.

THE interest created by the discoveries of the English, French, Italian, and German searchers amongst the wondrous remains of the old Assyrian empire, has revived that which formerly attached to the still more ancient relics of Egyptian grandeur. Mr. W. OSBURN, who, by the result of patient investigation, and of the continuous study of years, has acquired familiarity with the recondite antiquities of the land of the Pharaohs, and established a reputation of the first class, has completed his erudite and elaborate work--The Monumental History of Egypt, as recorded in her Temples, Palaces, and Tombs. The learned author seeks to establish, on several important points of historical significance, a series of theories which, if our not very extensive reading on the subject inform us

* London: Longman and Co.

† London: Trübner.

rightly, differ essentially from the opinions of preceding authorities. Mr. Osburn may be quite right in all his arguments, interpretations, and conclusions; on the question of his accuracy in judgment and conjecture we do not presume to give an opinion. But this we do know, that men, even the wisest, who differ on every point from all other people, are apt, justly or unjustly, to be set down as crotchetteers. In our author's case it is fair to say that his arguments are generally stated in a candid temper, and his work is certainly as interesting in all respects (and not alone in virtue of the novelty of its views) as any that we have read upon the subject treated by it. The author promises us a work on hieroglyphics, the fruit of which he hopes to be that we shall by-and-bye know more about the all but antediluvian epochs of Egyptian history, than we know at present about the condition of Old England under the Heptarchy. These be fair promises; pleasant it will be to witness their fulfilment, on which instructive occasion may we be there to see!

We know too little of the German poets; most of Körner's heart-stirring songs have appeared in English versions, and from time to time a small fugitive volume, containing translations characterised by greater or less degrees of truthfulness, present themselves, whilst the curious reader is interminably perplexed by ever-repeated and everdefeated attempts to render adequately the mysteries of the Faust. But the broad and general fact is, that German poetry is a terra incognita to us. Its popularisation amongst us would show that the Germans are not so wholly given up to dreaming and mysticism, as some half-read critics would lead the world to suppose, and that even Mr. Carlyle, who is really a first-rate German scholarwould that he had turned his proficiency to more useful account!-does but caricature the language and mental idiosyncracies of which he pretends to be the representative. A volume, entitled The Poetry of Germany, edited by Mr. ALFRED BASKERVILLE, and consisting of selections from the works of upwards of seventy of the most celebrated poets of the "Vaterland," appears to us well-calculated to promote the object just mentioned. The selections are well-judged, and the few specimens which we have had time to examine are translated as clearly as idiomatic differences would permit, consistently with the avoidance of gross outrages on the graces of our own vernacular. Opposite each page of English is a page containing the original text, so that the book will be valuable to the student as well as for perusal by the winter fireside.

THE science for so it may without impropriety be termed of the artificial breeding of fish is one of nearly a century's standing. Dr. Franklin made many successful experiments, and is said to have stocked a freshwater river in Connecticut with an abundant supply of the sea-herring. Of late years, the operations connected with it have been brought to great perfection, especially in France, and a work before us (translated and edited by Mr. W. H. FRY) gives a variety of interesting facts in connection with this really unsettled subject. The book is entitled A Complete Treatise

* London: Williams and Norgate.

on Artificial Fish-Breeding, and appears to us, from a somewhat careful examination of its contents, to embody the most full and late information procurable. Appended are the reports made to the French Academy and Government; and particulars of the experiments and discoveries as pursued in England. No question can exist that in a state of society wherein-notwithstanding the vast strides recently made in agricultural improvements, and the enormously increased produce of a given acre of land-the limits of population, in old countries, would almost appear inclined to overstep those of population, everything which conduces to render wholesome food more abundant, is seriously deserving the attention, not merely of the curious experimentalist, but of the statesman. There is a certain cold-blooded order of thinkers who have already begun to calculate, somewhat complacently, on the extent to which the increase in the number of mouths to be fed may be checked by the present calamitous war. It is to be hoped that an early and honourable peace, procured by the vigorous exercise of the combined power of the allies, may soon set at naught the speculations of these gentlemen, and enable us once more to make our most engaging topics those of social, moral, material improvements, the progress of which has been so fearfully interrupted by the terrible calamity into which the mightiest nations of Europe have been plunged. But, come what may, it is perfectly certain that fish may be employed to a great extent, and with considerable benefit to the health and comfort of the community, in substitution for the gross meats with which popular custom identifies, too exclusively, the idea of "good cheer." Equally certain it would now appear, upon the evidence of men well qualified by inquiry and general investigation to form a judgment, that the supply of river and freshwater fish may be increased almost literally ad libitum. Nay, it even seems probable that the regular denizens of the sea-the cod, the ling, and all the superior kinds of fish whose proper element is saltwater-may, by judicious treatment, be "educated" to live in fresh-water streams; thus adding vastly to the easily-assembled stores of wholesome comestibles. The book before us is one which is calculated to be more useful, and ought to be more interesting to persons of well-ordered minds, than nineteen-twentieths of those published about the European conflict, which has so miserably interrupted the course of all improvements.

THE Americans appear destined to bear away the palm of ubiquity from our Scottish friends, of whom the saying used to be, that one of them was sure to be found in any nook and corner of the earth where a goat could find pasturage. American tourists and travellers are usually affected by a cacoëthes scribendi, somewhat indiscriminate in its character. In our own country, they have more than once committed unconscionable escapades, in the way of disclosing conversations and communicatious intended to be " private and confidential." Some of them have wounded our pride, and illrepaid our hospitality, by unmeasured objurgation of ourselves and our institutions; whilst others have offended not less by flattery as unwelcome as it is mawkish. But these instances of bad taste form the exceptions; and it is but fair to confess that the majority of our transatlantic visitors have

*London: Trübner and Co.

abstained from the equally nauseous extremes of abuse and adulation. These republican ladies and gentlemen usually prefer the gay salons of Paris, and the gorgeous drawing-rooms of London, to the abodes of primitive poverty and simplicity; and it is with pleasure we meet with one of them in a new character, as an explorer of the solitudes of the most isolated and primitive region within the limits of civilization-poor, remote, barren, unimproved, happy Iceland. Nordifori, or Rambles in Iceland, * is the production of Mr. PLINY MILES, an American gentleman, who has given us one of the best descriptions we remember to have seen of that land of conflicting cold and heat -contiguous ice and fire. Was it through sympathetic reverence for the memory of his illustrious namesake of antiquity, who fell victim to his scientific zeal on the flaming slopes of the great southern volcano, that our modern Pliny was attracted to the neighbourhood of the raging craters of Hecla ? Let that be decided by those who pretend to define the doctrine of chances, and who build their faith on the virtue of a name. Be it as it may, we promise the lovers of a few hours' quiet reading, on a subject which has many features of interest exclusively its own, that they will not be disappointed in the perusal of this unaffected, well-composed work; one of the charms of which is, its general freedom from that laborious pretentiousness which obtains the ironical sobriquet of "fine writing," and with which the productions of our American friends are sometimes overcharged.

LIEUTENANT MOURY, of the United States navy, has acquired high and deserved reputation by his investigations into certain atmospheric and oceanic phenomena, which have in all ages been the plague, the puzzle, and the dangerous foe of mariners. The lieutenant is a man of science in the noble and comprehensive meaning of that term. He is a man of first-rate abilities, and these abilities be has devoted to the prosecution of labours fraught with difficulties and discouragements, but of infinite practical utility. He has lately published a series of Explanations and Directions to accompany the Wind and Current Charts, &c."* So far as our non-professional perspicacity enables us to judge, the work is one of the highest class, and one which, whilst eminently valuable as a practical guide to the seaman, exhibits, in the theoretical and speculative portions, a singular power of logical elucidation. It possesses, moreover, the cardinal virtue of order-of classification; the want of which so materially diminishes the value of many books which contain a great deal of what is good, if one could only find what one wants in the place where it would naturally be looked for. The information, in short, is accessible. Any one taking up the work with the object of satisfying himself upon any given subject contained in it, may ascertain without trouble the place where that subject is treated of; and thus the dreary irksomeness of turning over scores after scores of pages, for the chance of finding hidden amongst them the passages which are the objects of search, is avoided. It would be fortunate for the reputation of writers of scientific books, as well as for the comfort of their readers, if they were all endowed with an adequate appreciation of the importance of method, classification, and arrangement.

Philadelphia: Biddle.

BURRELL started the next day for Westlake Park, to make preparations for his wife, leaving Harry with Clarinda till Saturday, at the urgent instance of both.

Clarinda did not forget Nessy's desiring her "not to come till to-morrow;" and though that ungracious speech could hardly be construed into a wish to see her on the morrow, and her gentle temper was not altogether proof against some umbrage at having her kind offices so little valued, yet, she had only to think of the forlorn orphan facing her desolation alone in that great, rambling house, to feel drawn towards her with the tenderest desire to administer in any way to her consolation. Therefore, though quite uncertain whether her sympathy might be construed into officiousness, she left Harry in charge of Mrs. Patty in the afternoon, and proceeded to the house of mourning.

A return-chaise-the old red chaise of the "Yew Tree"-was driving out through the great iron gates as she passed through them. The butler admitted her into the darkened hall in ominous silence, and ushered her at once into the dining-room; where a stout, short lady, in shabby black, was scated with her back to her, pouring an unusual quantity of thick cream into a cup of strong coffee, and eating cold chicken and buttered roll very fast.

Miss Pershore, for it was she, rose somewhat in confusion at Clarinda's entrance, and said something about "this painful occasion of renewing acquaintance," with a mouth so full as to have something ludicrous, utterly at variance with time and place. She had had a hurried journey, was hungry and thirsty, fond of good things, and possibly expecting a weary time of it when she joined Nessy-all of which must be taken as her excuse, since no others can be found.

Swallowing her buttered roll at the great peril of choking, and looking very red-whether from that or from her journey, Miss Pershore hastily said, "I am going to our dearest Nessy this minute-I was quite overcome-I will let you know immediately whether she is equal to seeing you."

Clarinda bent her head and sat down, while the footman cleared away the débris of the

Continued from p. 20.

VOL. VI. N. S.

repast. She said to him, in a low voice, "Are any of the family expected, Richard ?"

"We suppose Mr. Thomas will be down this evening, ma'am," he replied; "but Miss Pershore is to do everything. Miss Nessy only wrote a single line to her brother-so I understand."

Here Miss Pershore entered, quite restored to self-possession; and in a voice lowered, so as to be scarcely audible, and with many movements of the features to supply the lack of words, informed Clarinda that "Dear Nessy -quite prostrate-unequal to the excitement -would see her after the funeral."

Clarinda, therefore, set her face homewards. She met Mr. Crewe near the lodge.

What," said he, with a meaning smile, "another bootless errand?"

"Even so. But it is better to seem officious than to be unkind. Now, however, I have no more to do; I leave her in the charge she likes best."

He shrugged his shoulders. "The squire is gone, I hear," said he, "and has left his little boy with you. Don't let him go down Wincent's Lane; they have the measles."

"I wish I had known that yesterday. I wonder Mrs. Meadows did not tell me of it! she told me everything else, I think."

"Oh, Mrs. Meadows did not know it herself till the children came home from school, very heated, and with headaches. She only guessed it then; but I've just ascertained it. Good morning."

"There can't be any danger of Harry," thought Clarinda, "he scarcely went into the cottage." However, she walked home, feeling rather uncomfortable.

Harry was having a fine game of play with William in the garden.

"Don't make the child overheat himself," said she, rather nervously.

“Oh, no. The exercise will do him good. He was as dull as a dormouse without you." Presently she called to him from her window, "Harry, dear, come in now."

Oh, presently, please, Mrs. Clarinda!” "No, no, dear; I want you now. I will comb out your hair for dinner, and tell you a story. You must be obedient, Harry.”

"I suppose I must," said he, rather reluctantly, as he went in.

F