relations. While the general principles of the science are laid down, special prominence is given to those subjects which are of most present interest in the United States, and illustrations of the principles of Political Economy in the history of the United States are freely cited. Thought upon the problems of Political Economy is encouraged, and objections to the views presented are welcomed and considered.

II. The elective classes in the department are engaged wholly in the study of History. This may be taken as a half study in the Junior or Senior year, or in both years.

1. The Junior Year is given to the History of England. Attention is especially directed to the characteristics of the English people, and to the development of the English constitution. The close connection between English and American institutions and history is pointed out. Green's Short History of the English People is followed as a text-book. Explanations and additions are made in the class. Students are expected to prepare from other sources and present in the class brief papers in which some of the topics shall be more fully treated. The class in Junior History this year consists of twenty-three Seniors and twenty-three Juniors.

2. The subject in the Senior year is the History of the United States from the close of the Revolution to the origin of the civil war. Constitutional, political and economical questions chiefly are considered. With this view the lives and writings of some of our eminent statesmen are examined as far as time will allow. These men are studied as centres of the discussion and action of their times.

Hamilton and Webster have been chosen as the two whose lives most nearly cover the portion of our history intended, and who respectively had most to do with shaping and preserving our government.

"

Lodge's Life of Hamilton, in the "American Statesment series, is carefully read by the class and supplemented by statements from the instructor. About half the time is given to the reading and discussion of some of the principal writings of Hamilton. This year seventeen papers in The Federalist, the First Report on Public Credit, the Argument on the Constitutionality of a National Bank, and the Report on Manufactures,

will be read. Frequent examinations are had on the different writings and a general examination on all is held at the close of the study. All the members of the class are expected to show a good knowledge of these writings, except such parts as are unessential and of temporary interest. The opinions of contemporaries, such as Jefferson and Madison, upon the same subjects, are presented for comparison.

Lodge's Life of Webster, in the "American Statesmen' series, is used as a guide in studying the times and questions with which Webster was connected. A course of reading, intended to give an idea of the discussions of his time, is pursued. The method is the same as that described above in connection with Hamilton. The following works will be read this year :

Webster's Argument in the Dartmouth College case, Clay's Speech on American Industry, Webster's Speech on The Tariff of 1824, Hayne's speech on Foot's Resolution, Webster's Reply to Hayne, Calhoun's Speech on The Force Bill, Webster's speech entitled The Constitution not a Compact between Sovereign States," Webster's Seventh of March Speech, and Seward's Speech on Freedom in the New Territories.

"

The class in Senior History this year consists of twenty-eight persons.

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.

MR. HOFFMAN.

The instruction given in this department includes Logic, Psychology, and the History of Philosophy.

I. LOGIC.

I. To the Sophomores.-The instruction in this class is confined to the simple elements of the science as generally accepted by the best writers on the subject. Special attention is directed to the analysis of arguments and special drill is given in the detection of logical fallacies. This is a required study; the class meets five 'hours a fortnight for the last half of the year. The text-book used is Jevons' Elements of Logic.

2. To an Elective Class of Juniors.-This class meets five hours a fortnight throughout the year. The object with this class is twofold:

A. To examine critically the different theories of Logic, and to set forth the true philosophic explanation of the reasoning process.

B. To show how the true theory is to be applied to the various departments of knowledge, if our reasoning is to be valid. Discussions by the members of the class are frequent. Mill's System of Logic and Jevons' Principles of Science are the chief works on the subject used by the student. The class this year numbers eighteen.

II. PSYCHOLOGY.

This is a required study with the whole Junior Class; the class meets five hours a fortnight for the last half of the year. The relation of Psychology to the other sciences is first set forth, and the fact that it furnishes the key to all questions concerning man as a social, moral and religious being is emphasized. The distinction between Rational and Empirical Psychology is set forth and the attention of the class in this required study is confined simply to the latter-i. e., the careful observation of the facts of mind and their arrangement into a system. The text-book used is Hickok's Mental Science.

III. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY.

This is an elective study for the Seniors only, coming five hours a fortnight throughout the year. The object of this course in Philosophy is to set forth the content and internal connection of the principal philosophical systems from the earliest times to the present day. The first half of the year is devoted to a critical study of the ancient Greek philosophers— especially Plato and Aristotle. The second half of the year, after a few lectures on Medieval Philosophy, is given to a critical examination of the systems of Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Leibnitz, Kant, Hegel, Mill, Hamilton, Schopenhauer, Von Hartmann and Herbert Spencer. Text-book, Schwegler's History of Philosophy. The class at present numbers nine.

Moral Philosophy and Christian Evidences.

PRESIDENT BEACH.

As the time of the President is at present wholly occupied by administrative duties, the instruction in Ethics is given this year by MR. HOFFMAN; instruction in the Evidences of Christianity, by PROfessor Rice.

Moral Philosophy is a required study during the first term of the Senior year. Four exercises a week for twelve or thirteen weeks are given to this study. The student is expected to make himself familiar with the plan and principles of whatever text-books are adopted, and to be at any time ready to give a clear and comprehensive outline of his studies. He is, however, not the less expected to do much thinking of his own, and is encouraged and helped to a breadth of study that shall comprehend whatever in theoretical and practical morals the study of the subject should involve. The plan of recitation and discussion followed in the class-room is one intended to put the student into sympathy with the study he is pursuing, and dispose him to those habits of study and thought that will enable him out of himself to derive both his best knowledge and strongest convictions of moral truth and duty. The textbook in present use is Hickok's Ethics, as edited by Seelye.

EVIDENCES OF CHRISTIANITY.-This is a required study for the Senior class. There are four exercises per week for about six weeks. The text-book is Fisher's Grounds of Theistic and Christian Belief. The greater part of the book is read within the time specified, the lessons assigned being sufficiently long to allow this to be accomplished. The recitation hours are occupied chiefly in general discussion. In the examination, ability to give an intelligent discussion of the various lines of argument is required, rather than minute familiarity with the text-book.

MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY.

PROFESSOR VAN VLECK; MR. WHITE.

The courses of instruction in this department are as follows: REQUIRED COURSES.

Freshman Year.-Solid Geometry; Algebra; Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, with the use of logarithmetic tables. Five times a week.

Sophomore Year.-1. Analytical Geometry of two dimensions. Five times a week during the first term.

2. Surveying, including Levelling. Recitations and fieldpractice, the equivalent of one exercise a week being required of each member of the class.

Senior Year.-A general course in Astronomy, requiring only elementary mathematics. Twice a week.

ELECTIVE COURSES.

Junior Year.-Differential and Integral Calculus. Five times a fortnight. Elected this year by seven.

Senior Year.-Spherical and Practical Astronomy. Five times a fortnight, with practical exercises in the observatory. No more than six persons will be admitted to this course, and a previous acquaintance with Differential and Integral Calculus will be required. Elected this year by four.

Text-Books.-Chauvenet's Geometry; Newcomb's Algebra; Wheeler's Trigonometry; Newcomb's Analytical Geometry; Murray's Land-Surveying; Byerly's treatises on Differential and Integral Calculus; Ball's Astronomy; Chauvenet's Spherical and Practical Astronomy.

In addition to the foregoing, the professor of the department will give instruction, during the second and third terms, to such students as may desire it, in Determinants and an advanced course in Analytical Geometry. One hour a week will be devoted to these subjects.

Graduate students and candidates for mathematical honors will also be assisted in their mathematical reading, the times to be determined by mutual agreement. The subject selected

for special honors, the current year, is Quaternions; for the next year, Theoretical Astronomy.

ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY.

The Observatory is used for purposes of instruction, and is well equipped therefor. Members of the Senior Class have frequent opportunities, in connection with the general course in Astronomy, to examine the most interesting celestial objects through the telescope; and members of the class in Practical