from Taunton are less than for inland cities. Electric lines connect the nearby villages and towns with the city, more than 700 cars leaving centre of the city daily.

The city is noted for the extent and variety of its manufacturing industries. The government census of 1910 gives the leading manufacturing establishments of the city as follows: seven cotton mills, with $4,410,390 invested, and employing 3,151 persons, to whom were paid annually $1,125,679. The cost of the material used annually was $2,651,502, and the value of the yearly products was $4,592,466. There were 14 foundries and machine shops, with capital invested, $2,679,203; the value of their yearly products, $2,636,390. The total number of manufactories (1909) was 146; the total capital invested, $16,504,000; the annual average number of employees, 7,835; the annual amount of wages, $4,535,000; the cost of material used, $7,775,000; and the value of the products, $15,380,000. The principal manufactures, besides cotton products, are cutlery, machinists' tools, eyelets, tacks, nails, jewelry, machinery for cotton manufactories, silver and britannia ware, brick, oil-cloth, copper and yellow metal goods, printing presses, stoves, stove linings and kitchen utensils. The city is the distributing centre for a large part of Bristol and adjoining counties; coal is shipped from here to the markets of the interior, and grain, vegetables, poultry and manufactures to outside markets.

The principal public buildings are the State Insane Hospital, a massive group of buildings, situated in a tract of 140 acres, which accommodate over 1,000 patients; the county courthouse (cost over $300,000); Registry building (cost $125,000); the government building ($100,000); city hall; Taunton jail; theatre; Odd Fellows' Hall; Historical Hall; Morton Hospital, the gift of Susan Tillinghast Morton Kimball; Old Ladies' Home, opened January 1871; club buildings, banks, business blocks, schools and churches. There are six each of Congregational and Roman Catholic churches, four Methodist, one each of Unitarian, Baptist, Presbyterian, Christian Scientist, Adventist, Protestant Episcopal and Universalist. The educational institutions are Bristol Academy, opened 18 July 1793; Saint Mary's Academy (Roman Catholic); headquarters of the Old Colony Historical Society, incorporated 4 May 1853; a high school, public and parish schools, graded elementary schools and a public library containing about 55,000 volumes. The city is well supplied with bank institutions; the two national banks had, 1 Sept. 1910, a combined capital of $700,000; the combined surplus of two savings banks was $8,335,000; and five co-operative banks had a combined capital of over $3,000,000. The government of the city is vested in a mayor and nine councilmen chosen by popular vote. Pop. (1920) 37,137.

History. The first white settlement was made by Elizabeth Pole, an Englishwoman, in 1637. She found here an Indian village called Tecticutt ("great river") on the Tecticutt River. Miss Pole bought land from the Indians for a plantation on the east side of the river, within the present limits of Ward Four. The place was first called Cohannet, but when it was incorporated in 1639 it was called by its present name, after Taunton, England. In June

1639 Taunton sent deputies to the General Court assembled at Plymouth. The names which appear on the Taunton records of men connected with the surveys and the granting of titles are names of men who were among the history makers of the nation. The early settlers of Taunton recognized the rights of the Indians, and the records show that Miss Pole and others purchased lands from Massasoit and other Indians. William Hooke, the first minister, returned to England as domestic chaplain to Oliver Cromwell. The first mention of a schoolmaster is that of Master Bishop, who was one of the early settlers. Other schoolmasters were William Pole, Mr. Adams, James Green, and in 1683, Samuel Danforth, a minister, was selected to keep a "Gramer scole here in Taunton." In 1647 an act was passed which made the public schools free and the support of the schools compulsory. In 1682 Taunton received from the court £3 from the funds of the fishing excise of the Cape, for keeping a free colonial, classical and elementary school. In 1701-02 100 acres of land, on both sides of the river, were set apart for school purposes. The history of education in Taunton is an almost complete history of the city. A grist mill was erected in 163940; in 1653 the first successful iron works in America were established. Some of the products of the iron works were used as money, as may be seen from the following order: To the Clerk of the Iron Works,

Ensign Thomas Leonard please pay to Bar' Tipping nine shillings and three pence in iron money. From yr friend, Richard Williams.

Taunton 16th 1st -1685.

In 1659-60 a saw-mill was built, and before 1700 brick making, shipbuilding and many other industries had been begun. The ruins and sites of many of the old manufactories are pointed out as of historic interest; for they mark the beginnings of the mighty industries of the Taunton of the present. On 6 Nov. 1746 the place was made a "shire town," and on 2 Jan. 1865 was incorporated as a city. The first crucibles in America were made here; the copper blank discs for copper cents were supplied to the government, in large amounts, by the Taunton Taunton Manufacturing Company.

has always furnished promptly more than its quota of soldiers when the country called for defenders. In 1774 the people unfurled from the liberty pole on "Taunton Green" a flag, on which was inscribed "Liberty and Union"; and among the "minnit men" at Lexington, 19 April 1775, was a brave band from Taunton. They were among the first to go and the last to return. Robert Treat Paine, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, resided here, for whom a statue has been erected in front of the city hall. Consult Waterman, 'History of Taunton Schools'; Emery, 'History of Taunton (1893); Quarter-Millennial Celebration of the City of Taunton.'

TAUNUS, tow'noos, Germany, a mountain range mainly in the Prussian province of HesseNassau, extending eastward from the Rhine, north of the Main, separating the basin of that river from that of the Lahn. The highest summit, Grosser Feldberg, is 2,886 feet in elevation. The district is well wooded, and ex