THE NEW

INTERNATIONAL
ENCYCLOPÆDIA

SECOND EDITION

VOLUME IV

TRAS SPORTATIO!

FEB 8- 1927
UNIVERSITY OF MICHEL

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY

1926

Ubrary

AE
5
N532

V. 4

Copyright, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1914

By Dodd, MEAD AND COMPANY

All rights reserved

Copyright, 1917, 1921, 1922

BY DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, INO.

All rights reserved

Printed in the U. S. A.

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U.8.a.
Boston BOOKBINDING CO., CAMBRIDGE, U. & A.

78

.

ENGRAVINGS
BRYOPHYTES
BUFFALOES

114 BUNTINGS AND GROSBEAKS

158 BURNS, ROBERT

196 BUSTARDS

214 BUTTER MAKING

224 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHs

230 BUTTER-MAKING MACHINERY

232 BUTTERNUT TREE

230 BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE (Interior of the church of St. Sophia, Constantinople) 246 CABBAGE AND ALLIES

258 CÆSAR, GAIUS JULIUS

282 Cage BIRDS, Typical .

288 CALABASH, etc.

298 CAMELS AND LLAMAS .

380 CAMELLIA, etc.

382 CANALS - New York Barge Canal, Lock at Waterford

446 CANALS — New York Barge Canal, Locks at Oswego and Little Falls

447 CANALS Panama Canal, Culebra Cut

448 CANALS Panama Canal, Gatun Locks

449 CANALS — Sault Ste. Marie Canal . .

450 CANARY BIRDS

454 CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL

480 CARAVAGGIO ("The Entombment of Christ")

516 CARLYLE, THOMAS

558

.

.

CARNATIONS, etc.
CARNIVORES, American Minor .
CARPS AND THEIR EUROPEAN ALLIES
CASA GRANDE AND CLIFF DWELLINGS (American Prehistoric Dwellings)
CASSOWARIES, etc.
Cats, Wild .
CATS
CATFISH
CATTLE, Dairy
CATTLE, Wild
CAVALRY
CAVALRY, U. S. Cavalryman and Equipment
CAVIES, etc..
CELLINI, BENVENUTO ("Perseus")
CEPHALOPODS
CEPHALOPODS

FACING PAGD

564 570 576 618 634 656 658 678 694 695 720 721 732 752 784 785

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION

For a full explanation of the various sounds indicated, see the KEY TO PRONUNCIATION in Vol. I.

D

ă "

am, at.
arm, father.

н

eve.

K

66

N

e

à as in ale, fate.

ch as in chair, cheese. senate, chaotic.

Spanish Almodovar, pulgada, where it is à ““ glare, care, and as e in there.

nearly like th in English then.

go, get. ä

« « German Landtag ch in Ger. ach, etc. á ant, and final a in America, armada, etc. "j in Spanish Jijona, g in Spanish gila; like “ final, regal, pleasant.

English h in hue, but stronger. all, fall.

hw " wh in which.

“ ch in German ich, Albrecht g in German ė " " elate, evade.

Arensberg, Mecklenburg, etc. ě end, pet.

n

" in sinker, longer. ē fern, her, and as į in sir, etc.

ng

“ " sing, long. agency, judgment.

French bon, Bourbon, and m in the French i ice, quiet.

Étampes; here it indicates nasalizing of quiescent.

the preceding vowel. ill, fit.

shine, shut. “ old, sober.

th" " thrust, thin. Ő " " obey, sobriety.

" then, this. Ô “ orb, nor.

z in azure, and s in pleasure. "" odd, forest, not. atom, carol.

An apostrophe l'] is sometimes used as in tā'b'l oi “ “ oil, boil.

(table), kăz'm (chasm), to indicate the elision of oo" food, fool, and as u in rude, rule.

a vowel or its reduction to a mere murmur. “ house, mouse.

For foreign sounds, the nearest English equivaů " " unite.

lent is generally used. In any case where a special cut, but. "" full, put, or as oo in foot, book.

symbol, as G, H, K, n, is used, those unfamiliar with

the foreign sound indicated may substitute the Engyet, yield.

lish sound ordinarily indicated by the letter. For y

Spanish Habana, Córdoba, where it is like a full description of all such sounds, see the article
English v but made with the lips alone. on PRONUNCIATION.

TH

zh "

ou

use, mule.

urn, burn.

B

A PARTIAL LIST OF THE LEADING ARTICLES IN VOLUME IV

BRONZE.

BYRON, GEORGE.
Mr. Russell Sturgis.*

Professor Wilbur Lucius Cross.
Dr. George Kriehn.

Dr. Horatio S. Krans.
BROOKLYN.

BYZANTINE ART.
Professor Franklin W. Hooper. *

Professor Arthur L. Frothingham; Pro-
Mr. George Gladden.

fessor A. D. F. Hamlin; Dr. George BROWNING, ROBERT.

Kriehn.
Professor Wilbur Lucius Cross.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE.
Dr. Horatio S. Krans.

Professor Dana Carleton Munro.
BRUSSELS.

CABBALA.
Mrs. Allan E. Engle.

Professor Morris Jastrow.
Professor Walter Phelps Hall.

Professor Nathaniel Schmidt.
BRYANT.

CABINET.
Professor William Peterfield Trent.

Professor Alvin Saunders Johnson.
Dr. Horatio S. Krans.

C.ESAR.
BUCHANAN.

Dr. George N. Olcott.*
Dr. Horatio S. Krans.

Professor Charles Knapp.
Professor James Edward Winston.

CAGE BIRDS.
BUDAPEST.

Mr. C. William Beebe.
Mr. Edward Lathrop Engle.
Professor Walter Phelps Hall.

CALCULATING MACHINES.
BUDDHISM.

Professor David Eugene Smith; Mr. Professor A. V. W. Jackson.

Moses Nelson Baker; Professor ClifProfessor John L. Gerig.

ford B. Upton. BUENOS AIRES.

CALCULUS.
Mr. Edward Lathrop Engle.

Professor David Eugene Smith.
Professor John D. Fitz-Gerald.

Professor Frank N. Cole.
BUFFALO.

CALCUTTA.
Mr. John Sayles.

Mrs. Allan E. Engle.
BUILDING.

CALENDAR.
Professor Arthur L. Frothingham; Mr.

Professor Harold Jacoby; Professor
Charles Shattuck Hill; Professor A.

Edwin A. Start; Dr. W J McGee* ; D. F. Hamlin.

Professor T. W. Edmondson.
BUILDING STONE.

CALHOUN.
Professor Heinrich Ries.

Professor William Peterfield Trent; BULGARIA.

Dr. Horatio S. Krans; Mr. Benjamin
Mrs. Allan E. Engle; Professor Charles

B. Kendrick.
Knapp; Professor Carlton Hayes; CALIFORNIA.
Mr. Leon Dominian.

Mr. Allen Leon Churchill; Mr. Leon BURIAL.

Dominian; Dr. Frederick Leslie RanProfessor Arthur L. Frothingham.

some; and others. Dr. George Kriehn.

CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF.
BURKE, EDMUND.

Mr. W. H. Henderson.
Professor George Elliot Howard.

Mr. Allen Leon Churchill.
Professor Walter Phelps Hall.

CALORIMETRY.
BURMA.

Professor Joseph Sweetman Ames.
Mr. Henry Gannett* ; Professor Edwin

CALVIN.
A. Start; Mr. Edward L. Engle;

Dr. Samuel Macauley Jackson.*
Mr. Leon Dominian; Professor Wal.
ter P. Hall; Professor Charles Knapp;

Professor Irving F. Wood.
Professor Alexander F. Chamberlain* ;

CALVINISM.

Dr. Frank Hugh Foster.
Professor Dana C. Munro; and others.
BURNS.

Professor Irving F. Wood.
Mr. A. I. du P. Coleman.

CAMBODIA.
Dr. Horatio S. Krans.

Mrs. Allan E. Engle; Professor Charles BURR, AARON.

Knapp; Professor Alexander F. ChamProfessor James Edward Winston.

berlain. * BUST.

CAMBRIDGE, UNIVERSITY OF.
Dr. George Kriehn.

Professor Isaac Leon Kandel.
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.

CAMELIDÆ.
Mr. Ernest Ingersoll.

Mr. C. William Beebe.
Mr. C. William Beebe.

CAMÕES.
BUTTON.

Dr. Frederic Taber Cooper.
Mr. Herbert T. Wade.

Professor John D. Fitz-Gerald.
BUTTRESS.

CANAAN AND CANAANITES.
Professor A. D. F. Hamlin.

Professor Nathaniel Schmidt.
* Deceased.