Stephens v. Dennison. Admitting a departure in this execution from the usual form, it does not follow that defendant's objection is well taken. The object of an execution is not to convey legal instructions to the sheriff, but to confer power. The mode of exercising such power when conferred is pointed out by law, to which the officer must look for guidance. Why may not the sheriff be referred to the statutes to learn the time for return of process, when he must consult such statute to find out when and how it must be served? Norton complains of an error, which works no harm to him in any way; and to destroy the title of a purchaser in good faith, because a clerical expression is too general, would be to attempt the correction of a harmless mistake by the commission of a great wrong. The command of the writ objected to is not contrary to law, but consistent therewith, and on motion would be corrected at any time by the court as a matter of course. We are asked to set aside the sale because it was made on the 16th of July, 1853, on an execution dated March 23d of the same year, and returnable by law in thirty days. If all this be true, the sale was irregular. The Iowa act, subjecting real and personal property to execution, was adopted (with some alteration) in this territory on the 29th of September, 1849. This act provides that, when the sheriff levies upon real estate, he shall post up advertisements of the sale for four weeks, and in addition thereto shall give defendant notice in writing of such sale, and makes executions returnable in seventy days from date. No change was made in these provisions by our legislature, except in substituting thirty for seventy days; so that, while the sheriff was compelled to give four weeks' notice of the sale of land on execution, he was required to return such execution in thirty days from its issuance. In 1851 the Practice Act was passed, the first section of which declares, “that all writs, issued by any court of record in this territory, shall run in the name of the United States of America, and bear test in the name of the clerk of said court; and shall be sealed with the seal of said court, and made returnable to the first Stephens v. Dennison. day of the next term after the date of said writ." Does this section repeal that part of the act of 1849, which makes executions returnable in thirty days? An execution is a writ. To be regular, it must run in the name of the United States of America, must bear test in the name of the clerk, and be sealed with the seal of the court from which it issues, so that it must conform to the requirements of the said section in every other respect, if not as to the time of its return. The term all writs, as used in this section, it is argued, cannot be taken in its broad sense, for then it would include writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, &c. Writs of habeas corpus are generally issued by the judge, and not the court; and it may well be doubted whether any writ, issued under the seal of a court of record, unless otherwise specially provided for, can be made returnable on any other than the first day of the next term after its date. If section first of the Practice Act does not intend all writs, as it says, what writs does it mean? The succeeding sections of the act mention writs of capias, summons, subpoenas and execution, and it would be hardly fair to conclude that only a part of these were contemplated by the first section. We cannot see upon what principle it is alleged that section first applies to a writ of summons, and not to a writ of execution, when they are both treated of alike in subsequent parts of the act. No interference with the act of 1849 was intended, it is said, because that was a distinct and full law upon the subject of executions; so there is a full and distinct quo warranto act; yet the section referred to would certainly control writs of quo warranto. Nothing can be more reasonable than this view of the question; for we have only to ascribe an ordinary share of common sense to the legislature to suppose, that, while they required four weeks' notice of a sale upon execution, they would give the sheriff more than thirty days in which to perform his various duties under the writ, and make return according to law. Officers, it is understood, have generally proceeded upon the assumption, that the first section of the Practice Act embraces writs of execution; and, Stephens v. Dennison. in cases of doubt-admitting this to be one-we are disposed to follow the prevailing construction of the law, for the sake of the public good. The motion to set aside the sale is also placed upon the ground, that no written notice thereof was given to Norton. The sheriff's return shows, that when Norton was advised of the levy, he declared that "it was nothing to him, as he did not own the property," and thus, it is claimed, he waived any further notice of the sale. If the plaintiff in execution were purchaser here, the objection for want of notice might be fatal to his title; but to protect the rights of an innocent stranger as purchaser, we are inclined to hold that written notice was waived. As a general rule, when the plaintiff in execution buys in the defendant's property to satisfy his debt, he is chargeable with all irregularities; but a stranger, who buys in good faith, is only chargeable with a substantive defect in the proceedings of the officer. Norton, in this case, either owned the property or he did not. If he did, then he made a false statement to the sheriff, inducing the belief that no steps were necessary to protect his rights at the sale, as he had none to protect; and it would be wrong now to allow him to take advantage of that false statement, by alleging for error what was the probable, if not necessary, result of his own conduct. If Norton did not own the lot, then he has not been injured, and cannot complain. The sheriff, it is said, treated and sold the property as Norton's; therefore, he was bound to give the written notice. Perhaps the plaintiff took the risk of sale, and the sheriff proceeded, believing what Norton had said about his ownership of the lot; but, at any rate, he was not prevented from regarding Norton's statements as a waiver of notice. When, as in this case, the money of a bona fide purchaser has irrevocably gone into the hands of the plaintiff in execution, and the sheriff has made a deed pursuant to sale, mere technicalities will not suffice to set aside such a title. Defendant, on execution, must show some positive injury to his rights, or, at least, room for injury; but here Norton complains of a want of notice, when, 1 24 1 343 1 24 31 473 Scott v. Cook. in point of fact, he was officially informed of the levy, and then disclaimed all interest in the property seized, instead of taking any steps to protect himself from wrong. We think that Norton ought to be bound by his disclaimer to the sheriff, upon the well-known principle, that where a man is wilfully silent, when he stands by and sees property sold to an honest purchaser, he is thereby estopped from afterwards asserting a right to such property. No doubt but that a defendant in execution has a right to have the sale of his real estate set aside by motion, upon a proper presentation of facts to the court; but liberal intendments will be made in favor of a bona fide purchaser, who has paid his money and taken a deed. If any body must sustain injury in this matter, it should fall upon Norton; for, if not produced by his acts, he had the requisite knowledge and means to prevent it, while the purchasers, knowing that the sheriff had power, were not bound to inquire into the formal correctness of his proceedings. LEMUEL SCOTT, Plaintiff in Error, v. Aмos Cook, Defendant in Error. Error to Yamhill. Without a bill of exceptions, this court cannot notice errors in the proceedings of the court below, except such as are apparent upon the face of the record. THIS was an action of assumpsit, brought to the October Term, 1851, of the District Court for Yamhill County; was tried on the general issue, and verdict rendered for plaintiff below. A motion was made in arrest of judgment, and for a new trial, reasons filed, motion overruled, and judgment was entered on the verdict. D. Logan, of counsel for plaintiff in error. A. E. Wait, of counsel for defendant in error. Scott v. Cook. MCFADDEN, J. This case now comes before us for review. No exceptions were taken to the ruling of the court below, in overruling the motion of defendant to set aside the verdict and grant a new trial. As to whether the court erred, it is impossible for us to determine. The record shows no error. The defendant, not having filed any exceptions to the ruling of the court below, so as to make the action of that court, and all the evidence necessary to a correct determination of the question, a part of the record, it is not within the province of a Court of Error to pass upon the questions presented. Section 19 of the act, regulating the practice in the District and Supreme Courts of this territory, provides, that "if any party shall allege an exception to the opinion of the court, and reduce the same to writing, it shall be the duty of the judge to allow the said exception, and to sign and seal the same; and said bill of exceptions shall thereupon become a part of the record of any such cause." The record exhibits the fact that no exceptions were taken in the court below. Some papers on file in this case exhibit the fact that such a motion was made, with the reasons of counsel; but these constitute no part of the record, and are not examinable in this court. To this effect is the ruling of this court, in the case of Thompson v. Backenstos; and, in support of this position, the authorities are abundant. (Wagus v. Dickey, 17 Ohio Rep. 429; Hicks v. Pierson, 19 Ohio Rep. 426.) This court will, however, reverse for error apparent upon the record; and this, whether exceptions be taken to the ruling of the court below or not; and this is the only thing examinable upon a writ of error. (7 Ohio Rep. 212.) Where the record is regularly removed into this court, it is our duty to examine and see if there be error. Unless there be error, clear and palpable, upon the face of the record, this court will not disturb the judgment or decree of the court below. The record in this case, although made up with negligence inexcusable, presents no such error on its face as would warrant us in reversing the judgment of the court below. |