ENROLLMENT OF PUPILS IN NURSE TRAINING SCHOOLS REPORTING BOTH PUPILS AND EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION.

The relations between percentage of pupils enrolled in the corresponding percentage of schools having the various educational requirements for admission is significant. Assembling the corresponding data for schools and pupils given in Table 14, it is found that 1,569 schools report both the educational requirements for admission and a total enrollment aggregating 51,082 nurse pupils, distributed as follows:

When the educational requirement for admission is low, i. e., the eighth grade or one year of high school, the percentage of schools exceeds the corresponding percentage of pupils, and when this requirement is high, i. e., two years of high-school work or a full highschool course, the percentage of pupils exceeds the corresponding percentage of schools. To state this condition in averages, it is found that schools requiring the completion of the eighth grade for admission have an average enrollment of 19 pupils; those requiring one year of high school for admission, 31 pupils; those requiring two years of high school for admission, 37 pupils; and those requiring a full high-school course for admission, 37 pupils. Thus it is seen that the larger schools on an average have the higher requirements for admission. Combining the schools requiring only the completion of the eighth grade or one year of high school for admission and the pupils enrolled in these schools, and also adding the schools requiring two years of high-school work or a full high-school course for admission and the corresponding pupils enrolled in these schools, it is found that the average enrollment in the former group is only 29, as against 37 in the latter. In other words, the schools with high admission requirements are more than 27 per cent larger than those with low requirements. This condition implies that schools having high educational requirements for admission enroll more than the average number of pupils. Therefore, it may be said that the larger schools generally have the higher educational requirements for admission.

In training schools in hospitals for insane patients it is found that the schools requiring an eighth-grade course for admission aggregate 54 per cent of the total number of schools reporting, but they enroll

only 48.3 per cent of the nurse pupils, while the schools requiring a one-year high-school education for admission aggregate 39.5 per cent of the total and enroll 46.4 per cent of the nurse pupils. Considering only the two larger groups of schools, i. e., those requiring the completion of the eighth grade or of one year of high school for admission, it is found that schools having the former requirement enroll on an average only 34 nurse pupils, whereas schools having the latter requirement enroll 45 nurse pupils. It is seen, therefore, that the schools requiring one year of high-school work for admission are 32 per cent larger than those requiring only an eighth grade for admission. It is evident, also, as in the case of the general hospitals, that the larger schools generally have the higher educational requirement for admission. In other words, smaller schools must generally maintain lower educational entrance requirements to secure a sufficient number of nurse pupils to care for their patients, while the larger hospitals offering exceptional and varied facilities for professional training can maintain higher educational standards for admission and still secure a sufficient number of pupils to carry on the work of the hospital.

RELATION BETWEEN LENGTH OF COURSE AND ENTRANCE

REQUIREMENT.

An inspection of Table 14 reveals the fact that only the schools appearing in the first five general groups made a complete report on the educational entrance requirement, the length of the course in years, and the number of nurse pupils enrolled. These statistics for these 1,640 schools for both general hospitals and hospitals for the insane are shown graphically in figure 11 for several specific purposes: First, to show the number and percentage of schools having the various requirements for admission, as indicated by the cross-lined bars. The "pins" inclosed in these bars represent the percentage of students who have presumably met these requirements. This distribution of schools and pupils according to the requirement for admission has been discussed above, where every school making a report on its educational entrance requirement, as indicated in Table 14, was added to make a complete summary which would be comparable to the corresponding statistics for 1911.

Second, to show that the larger schools generally have the higher entrance requirements since the "pins" project beyond the cross-lined bars for schools in general hospitals requiring a two-year high-school or a full high-school course for admission and for schools in hospitals for the insane requiring two years of high school work for admission, both of which tendencies have been pointed out above for all schools which give, as shown in Table 14, both the educational requirement for admission and their enrollment.

Third, to show graphically by means of the last group of bars, "Total of all groups above," just how many schools offer courses varying from less than one year to four years in length. Almost nine times as many schools offer a three-year course as offer a two-year course in general hospitals, and about one and one-half times as many in schools in hospitals for the insane offer a three-year as offer a twoyear course. This situation has been indicated for all schools reporting the length of course offered, as shown in Table 14, and the data were compared with corresponding data for 1911.

Fourth, to show that the larger schools generally have the longer course of three years. This condition was pointed out in the discussion of Table 14, wherein all schools reporting both the length of course and the enrollment are assembled. In figure 11 this situation is shown graphically. By reference to the last group of bars, "Total of all groups above," it will be seen that the "pins" project beyond the open bars only in bars representing schools having a three-year course, indicating that these schools enroll more pupil nurses on an average than do schools offering only a two-year

course.

Fifth, to show that the schools having high requirements for admission more generally offer the longer course. By comparing the lengths of the two bars in figure 11 representing two and three year courses in general hospitals under the different subdivisions for the respective requirements for admission, it will be observed that the three-year bar is over four times as long as the two-year bar in the first group, representing schools having the eighth grade requirement for admission; over seven times as long in the second group, representing schools with the requirement of one year of high school work for admission; nearly twelve times as long in the third group, representing schools with the requirement of two years of high school work for admission; and over fifteen times as long in the fifth group, representing schools with the requirement of a full high-school course for admission. The schools in the fourth group requiring three years of high school work for admission are omitted from this comparison since only 9 schools have this requirement. Thus it will be seen that the higher the minimum requirement for admission the greater the proportion of schools offering a three-year course. In other words, more than three times as great a proportion of nurse training schools in general hospitals having the minimum requirement of a full high-school course for admission offer a three-year course as do schools having only the eighth grade requirements for admission. By making similar comparison for the bars representing hospitals for the insane, it will be noted that the same situation prevails. Since practically all schools of this type require only an eighth grade or one year of high school for admission the few schools having a