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Catholic Church before the Reformation more the Slave of the State than the Protestant Church since-The Welsh at Islington-Generous Reprisals Tomb of Arthur - Merlin His History-His Prophecies - Llywelyn's Marriage-Edward I.'s unfair Stipulation Influence of the Princess Eleanor over Llywelyn-Death of Eleanor -The Welsh oppressed- Rising of the Welsh-David surprises Hawarden Castle-Ravages of the Welsh-Edward takes his Resolution-Archbishop Peckham- His Character-A Church ReformerHow he deals with a bad Priest- His severe Punishment of a dissolute Knight-The Archbishop's Letter to Llywelyn-Llywelyn's Reply to the Archbishop-The Griefs of the Welsh-Attempt to exculpate Edward I. Page 59

CHAPTER V.

LLYWELYN AP GRYFFYDD.

Archbishop Peckham lays Griefs of the Welsh before Edward I.-Edward's Answer - Negociation opened - Public Articles - Secret Articles - Llywelyn's Reply - The Council's Reply - David's Reply Reply to Threat of Excommunication — Archbishop Peckham vindicated-Edward's mighty Preparations-the Welsh Crusade - Reflection-Edward enters Wales-He takes Hope Castle - Edward put to Flight by Llywelyn-Forests destroyed-Anglesey submits to Edward Invaders defeated at Moel y Don-Edward composes a Proclamation-Elation of the Welsh-Battle of Llandilo-vawr Llywelyn goes into South Wales-Narrative by the Historian of Brecknockshire-The Death of Llywelyn - Llywelyn's Death accidental No Treason-No Treachery-Barbarity of Edward-Llywelyn's Grave- Edward destroys Letters in Cipher - Effect on the Welsh produced by Death of Llywelyn-David has no InfluenceWelsh Army broken up-Concealment of David-Discovery of David-His Trial and Execution-Hume's Remark-The Relic of the Cross-Regalia of Principality 84

CHAPTER VI.

EDWARD I.

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Edward's ruling Principle-The Royal Roll at Rhuddlan - Bethgelert Monastery Statutes of Rhuddlan - Queen Elinor at Caernarvon Birth of Edward Prince of Wales-Edward I.'s Deception-Fair in Snowdonia - Tournament at Nefyn Edward's Treatment of the Monks of Conway-Archbishop Peckham's Visitation — Proposed Removal of See of St. Asaph to Rhuddlan - Project falls to the ground More about Archbishop Peckham Edward I. makes a Public Entry into London, carrying the Relic of the Cross-Revolt

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WELSH SKETCHES.

SECOND SERIES.

CHAPTER I.

THE LORDS MARCHERS.

Law of Gavel-kind; evil Effects of-English Invasions of Wales-Narrow Escape of Henry II.-Panic of the Standard-bearer-Miseries of Welsh Campaigning-Lord-Marcherships, what they were-Powys no Marchership-Martin de Turribus-Conquers Cemaes-Gryffydd ap Rhys-Martin de Turribus teaches his Subjects to play Chess-Gilbert Strongbow-Gilbert in Trouble-Chronological Fix- Richard Strongbow-Welsh recover their own- Dermod Mac Morough, king of Leinster-His Letter to Richard Strongbow- Henry II.'s Displeasure-Yields to Circumstances-Queen Eva-Portrait of Richard Strongbow-William Marshal, earl of Pembroke Shakespear introduces him in "King John”—Character of Earl Marshal -William Marshal the Younger-Neighbourly Attentions-Richard MarshalRichard Marshal's Courtesy ill-requited-Richard Marshal singlehanded against thirteen Frenchmen-His Death and Character.

THE firm foundations of society are justice and equity. The instinct of human nature demands equal administration of the laws, equal rights, and is outraged when these are withheld. These principles find, one would think, their obvious developement in the division of property, that, on the decease of a parent, his substance should be divided among his children, share and share alike. The statute law of Wales was framed upon this impartial model. Nothing could have been fairer than this rule of distribution; nothing, I am constrained to add, could have worked worse for the peace of families and the welfare of the country.* "The custom of gavel-kind,"

* Wynne's Edition, p. 22.

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Edward of Caernarvon, a sad falling off after Llywelyn ap Gryffydd —

Howelly Pedoulau-His Tomb at Caermarthen-Edward of Caernarvon

put into bad hands-A popular Movement-Prince Edward Regent-

Great Article of Magna Charta established and settled-Arnald de

Gaveston comes into England - Edward of Caernarvon crowned

Prince of Wales-Curious Letter Prince Edward fond of low Com-

pany-Not peculiar to him-A wild Frolic, and its Results -- Prince

Edward's Letters in Youth lately discovered-Walter Regnaud, his

Ingratitude-Bishop of Chester returns good for evil-Letters con-

tinued-Prince Edward knighted by his Father-The Oath at the

Banquet-Death of Edward I.-Accession of Edward II.—General

Rejoicing-Decree of Edward II.-Edward II. at Flint-His Conduct

in Irish Affairs praised- Revolt of Llywelyn Bren-Edward decides

without a Favourite - Villany of William de Breos - Tumultuous

Proceedings of Lords Marchers-Sir Gryffydd Llwyd in Arms-For-

tifies his Mansion in Anglesey-Is taken and sent to the Tower of Lon-

don-Edward II. decides a Suit about an Inheritance in the Marches

- Adam Orleton, bishop of Hereford, impeached Three Arch-

bishops interfere with course of Justice-Edward II. sends his Queen

and Son into France-Early good Conduct of the Queen-She is ill-

treated through the Le Despensers-Revolution concerted in France

-Queen lands in England in Arms against her Husband-The People

welcome her-Bishop Orleton's Political Sermons at Oxford - The

King sounds the Citizens of London-He leaves the Capital - His

Route His Escape from Caerphilli -The loyal Welsh Farmer-

Edward II. at the Abbey of Neath -- He gives himself up-Rhys ap

Hywell active in the King's Arrest-Reflection on King Edward's

Character-the Moral his History conveys-Edward II. abdicates—

Edward of Caernarvon in Prison-His Penitence and Sufferings-

Dreaded Reaction-Bishop Orleton's Casuistry-Welsh Sympathy

with Edward of Caernarvon--Noble Character of Welsh Nation. 122

WELSH SKETCHES.

SECOND SERIES.

CHAPTER I.

THE LORDS MARCHERS.

Law of Gavel-kind; evil Effects of-English Invasions of Wales-Narrow Escape of Henry II.-Panic of the Standard-bearer-Miseries of Welsh Campaigning-Lord-Marcherships, what they were-Powys no Marchership-Martin de Turribus-Conquers Cemaes-Gryffydd ap Rhys-Martin de Turribus teaches his Subjects to play Chess- Gilbert Strongbow-Gilbert in Trouble-Chronological Fix - Richard Strongbow-Welsh recover their own-Dermod Mac Morough, king of Leinster-His Letter to Richard Strongbow- Henry II.'s Displeasure-Yields to Circumstances-Queen Eva-Portrait of Richard Strongbow-William Marshal, earl of Pembroke Shakespear introduces him in " King John"-Character of Earl Marshal-William Marshal the Younger-Neighbourly Attentions-Richard MarshalRichard Marshal's Courtesy ill-requited-Richard Marshal singlehanded against thirteen Frenchmen-His Death and Character.

THE firm foundations of society are justice and equity. The instinct of human nature demands equal administration of the laws, equal rights, and is outraged when these are withheld. These principles find, one would think, their obvious developement in the division of property, that, on the decease of a parent, his substance should be divided among his children, share and share alike. The statute law of Wales was framed upon this impartial model. Nothing could have been fairer than this rule of distribution; nothing, I am constrained to add, could have worked worse for the peace of families and the welfare of the country.* "The custom of gavel-kind,"

* Wynne's Edition, p. 22.

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