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war. They shall be employed, according to their wish, in field service or in that of hospitals. Females will necessarily be assigned to the latter. ARTICLE 9. The volunteer nurses shall wear a uniform in all countries, or an identical distinctive badge. Their person shall be sacred, and military chiefs shall afford them protection. At the commencement of a campaign, the soldiers of both armies shall be informed of the existence of these corps, and of their exclusively benevolent character.

ARTICLE 10. - The corps of nurses or volunteer helpers shall march in the rear of armies, to which they shall not cause any embarrassment, nor occasion any expense. They shall have their own means of carriage, victuals and medical stores of all kinds.

International Conference of Geneva, October 29, 1863.

Resolutions and Recommendations Then Adopted.

[TRANSLATED]

The international conference, anxious to come to the aid of the wounded in cases where the services of the military sanitation service should be insufficient, adopts the following resolutions:

ARTICLE 1. There exists in each country a Committee whose object is to cooperate in time of war, if required, by all means in its power in the sanitary service of the armies.

This Committee is organized in the manner which appears to it the most useful and suitable.

ARTICLE 2. Unlimited sub-committees may be formed, under its direction, to assist this committee.

ARTICLE 3. Each Committee must be recognized by the government of its own country in order to be recognized and its offers of help accepted.

ARTICLE 4. In time of peace the object of the Committee and subcommittees shall be the means of becoming truly efficient in time of war, especially in preparing materials of all kind, and in instructing voluntary

nurses.

ARTICLE 5. In time of war the Committees of belligerent nations furnish help in the measure of their resources, to their respective armies; and in particular organize and put on an active basis the voluntary nurses, and arrange sites for the establishment of hospitals, with the sanction of the military authority.

They may solicit the assistance of Committees belonging to neutral

nations.

ARTICLE 6. On appeal, or with the sanction of military authority, the Committees may send voluntary nurses to the field of battle. These are put under the direction of military chiefs.

ARTICLE 7.

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Voluntary nurses on active duty in time of war must be provided with everything necessary for their maintenance by their respective Committees.

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ARTICLE 8. They wear, in all countries, as a distinctive badge, a white brassard with a Red Cross.

ARTICLE 9. The Committees and Sub-Committees may assemble in International Congresses, to interchange their experiences and to concert on measures to be taken in the interest of the work.

ARTICLE 10. - All communications between committees of diverse nations, for the time, is conducted through the Committee of Geneva.

INDEPENDENT OF THE RESOLUTIONS HEREINBEFORE CITED, THE CONFERENCE RECOMMENDS THE FOLLOWING:

(a) That the governments shall accord their high protection to the Committees which shall be formed, and will assist as much as possible the accomplishment and success of their object.

(b) That neutral rights shall be proclaimed, in time of war, by belligerent nations, for the ambulances, hospitals, and that it shall also be granted in the most complete manner for the official sanitary personnel, for volunteer nurses, and for the inhabitants of the country who give succor to the wounded and for the wounded themselves.

(c) That a uniform and distinctive sign shall be adopted by all sanitary corps of all armies, and to all persons attached to the service of the army. That a uniform flag shall also be adopted, in all countries, for the hospitals and ambulances.

Project of Declaration for the Consideration of the International Congress of Geneva, 1864.

Prepared by the Swiss Delegation.

[TRANSLATED]

ARTICLE 1. Military hospitals and ambulances shall be declared. neuter, and as such, protected and respected by the belligerents, as long as there shall be found there any sick or wounded persons.

ARTICLE 2. All the sanitary personnel, consisting of doctors, surgeons, pharmacists, nurses and stewards, and in general, all persons attached to the service of the hospitals and ambulances, shall be recognized as neutral.

ARTICLE 3. The persons hereunder indicated may, even after occupation by the enemy, continue to fulfill their functions in hospitals or ambulances with which they are connected as long as it shall seem necessary, after which they will retire from the field without being in any way hampered or molested.

ARTICLE 4. However, these persons may take with them only such property as belongs to them. All the materiel which shall have served for the installation of the ambulance or hospital shall be subject to the law of war.

ARTICLE 5. The inhabitants of the country who shall have transported or cared for the wounded on the field of battle shall be equally respected and absolutely free.

ARTICLE 6. Soldiers grievously wounded, either already in the hos pitals and ambulances or carried from the field of battle, shall not only be cared for, independent of the nations to which they may belong, but shall not be made prisoners. They will be permitted to return to their own country on the condition that they shall not again bear arms during the compaign.

ARTICLE 7. To the soldiers mentioned in the preceding article shall be delivered a "safe conduct" and if necessary transportation expenses when after recovery they will have to leave the spot where they have been treated.

ARTICLE 8. Supplies necessary for the sick and the persons attached to the ambulance will be furnished by the occupying army, which will later be reimbursed for the amount in keeping with agreements previously entered into.

ARTICLE 9. A distinctive brassard and uniform shall be recognized for the officers and sanitary employees of all armies.

An identical flag shall be adopted in all countries for ambulances and military hospitals.

This brassard and flag shall be those that were adopted at the International Conference of Geneva in October 1863. (Red Cross on a white field.)

ARTICLE 10.

Those who have not the right to wear the brassard and should do so for the purpose of spying, shall be punished with the extreme penalty of military law.

ARTICLE 11. Stipulations analogous to the ones preceding, relative to naval warfare, may constitute the object of an ulterior convention among interested powers.

[See also the following documents which have already appeared in the Supplements to the Journal:]

The Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Sick and Wounded of Armies in the Field. Concluded August 22, 1864. Vol. I (April 1907), p. 90.

Additional Articles of 1868. Vol. I (April 1907), p. 92.

Articles XV and XXI of the Convention with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Vol. I (April 1907), pp 140 and 142.

Convention for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864. The Hague, July 29, 1899. Vol. I (April 1907), p. 159.

Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Sick and Wounded of Armies in the Field. Geneva, July 6, 1906. Vol. I (April 1907), p. 201.

Articles XV and XXI of the Convention with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Vol. II, pp. 103 and 105.

Convention for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention. The Hague, October 18, 1907. Vol. II, p. 153.

TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN RESPECTING BOUNDARY WATERS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA.1 Signed January 11, 1909; Ratifications Exchanged May 5, 1910; Proclaimed May 13, 1910.

The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, being equally desirous to prevent disputes regarding the use of boundary waters and to settle all

1 U. S. Treaty Series, No. 548.

questions which are now pending between the United States and the Dominion of Canada involving the rights, obligations, or interests of either in relation to the other or to the inhabitants of the other, along their common frontier, and to make provision for the adjustment and settlement of all such questions as may hereafter arise, have resolved to conclude a treaty in furtherance of these ends, and for that purpose have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries:

The President of the United States of America, Elihu Root, Secretary of State of the United States; and

His Britannic Majesty, the Right Honorable James Bryce, O. M., his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Washington;

Who, after having communicated to one another their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

PRELIMINARY ARTICLE.

For the purposes of this treaty boundary waters are defined as the waters from main shore to main shore of the lakes and rivers and connecting waterways, or the portions thereof, along which the international boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada passes, including all bays, arms, and inlets thereof, but not including tributary waters which in their natural channels would flow into such lakes, rivers, and waterways, or waters flowing from such lakes, rivers, and waterways, or the waters of rivers flowing across the boundary.

ARTICLE I.

The High Contracting Parties agree that the navigation of all navigable boundary waters shall forever continue free and open for the purposes of commerce to the inhabitants and to the ships, vessels, and boats of both countries equally, subject, however, to any laws and regulations of either country, within its own territory, not inconsistent with such privilege of free navigation and applying equally and without discrimination to the inhabitants, ships, vessels, and boats of both countries.

It is further agreed that so long as this treaty shall remain in force, this same right of navigation shall extend to the waters of Lake Michigan and to all canals connecting boundary waters, and now existing or which may hereafter be constructed on either side of the line. Either of the High Contracting Parties may adopt rules and regulations governing the use of such canals within its own territory and may charge tolls for the use thereof, but all such rules and regulations and all tolls charged

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