A correspondent from Detroit wrote on the 12th of July as follows:

I regret to add that the intelligence from the regular troops is disastrous. Of the three companies of artillery under Colonel Twiggs, and two or three more compa nies of infantry with them, but few remain. These troops landed from the steamboat Henry Clay below Fort Gratiot. A great number of them have been swept off by disease. Nearly all the others have deserted. Of the deserters scattered over the country, some have died in the woods, and their bodies have been devoured by the wolves; others have taken their flight to the world of spirits, without a companion to close their eyes. Their straggling survivors are occasionally seen marching, some of them know not whither, with their knapsacks on their backs, shunned by the terrified inhabitants as a source of a mortal pestilence . . . . . . One half of the command of General Scott, ordered to Chicago by the Lakes, will never reach him; a large portion of them dying, a still larger number deserting from an overwhelming dread of the disease, and the residue obliged to march back again."

Black Hawk, instead of crossing the country to escape beyond the Mississippi, as was expected, descended the Wisconsin to escape in that direction; by which means General Dodge came upon his trail and commenced a vigorous pursuit. The state of the Indians now became deplorable; many of them were found dead in the way— emaciated and starved to death! Many children were found in such a famished state that they could not be revived. On the 2d of August, a force of about 1,600 men, under General Atkinson, crossed over to the north side of the Wisconsin, and by a forced march came up with the main body of the Indians, and after a conflict. of upward of three hours, succeeded in putting a finishing stroke to the war. About 150 of them were killed. Black Hawk managed to make his escape; but soon after, with a small party, he went to the Winnebagoe village at Prairie du Chien, and told the chief he desired to give himself up to the whites, and let them kill him

if they wished to do so. The squaws at this place made him a dress of white deer-skins, preparatory to his departure for Prairie du Chien, to which it appears he went voluntarily with those who went out after him. Black Hawk and the Prophet were delivered by two Winnebagoes to General Street, at Prairie du Chien, on the 27th of August. The following are extracts from the speech of Black Hawk, which is said to have been delivered when he surrendered himself to the agent at this place :

'You have taken me prisoner with all my warriors. *The sun rose dim on us in the morning, and at night it sunk into a dark cloud, and looked like a ball of fire! It was the last sun that shone on Black Hawk. His heart is dead and no longer beats quick in his bosom. He is now a prisoner to the white men; they will do with him as they wish. But he can stand torture, and is not afraid of death. He is no coward. Black Hawk is an Indian. He has done nothing for which an Indian ought to be ashamed. He has fought for his countrymen, the squaws, and pappooses, against white men, who came year after year to cheat them and take away their lands. An Indian who is bad as the white man, could not live in our nation; he would be put to death, and eat up by the wolves. *The spirit of our fathers arose and spoke to us to avenge our wrongs or die. We set up the war-whoop, and dug up the tomahawk; our knives were ready, and the heart of Black Hawk swelled high in his bosom, when he led his warriors to battle. He is satisfied; he will go to the world of spirits contented. He has done his duty. His father will meet him there and commend him.

He can do no more. His sun is setting and will rise no more. Farewell to Black Hawk."

On the 22d of April, 1833, Black Hawk, his son, and the Prophet, with seven other captives, arrived in Washington, and the next day they had a long interview with President Jackson. The first words (it is said) with which he accosted the President, were: "I am a man, and you are another." Accompanied with a con

ductor, they visited various places, where they attr ted great attention, and were conducted back to their country by way of New York.

132. Cholera in the United States.

The Asiatic or malignant cholera first manifested itself on this continent at Quebec, the capital of Canada, on the 8th of June, 1832, at a distance of 3,000 miles, across the ocean, to the nearest infected place in Europe. Out of a population of about 30,000, about 2,000 persons died. On the 10th of June it appeared in Montreal, where, out of a population of 28,000, there were upwards of 4,000 cases, nearly one half of which terminated fatally. "The course of the epidemic in Canada was along the St. Lawrence, affecting the villages which line its banks, and extending to the farms of the open country. From the St. Lawrence it spread along the shores of Ontario, skirted Lake Erie, arrived at Detroit, and penetrated by Lake Superior to the Mississippi."

This epidemic first invaded the United States at the city of New York, June 27, 1832, about 400 miles south of Montreal, without any apparent trace of its progress from that place. "The first subject of it was an old resident of the city. No place on the line of communication between New York and Canada was attacked with the disease previous to its appearance in that city." Even Albany, the half-way place between New York and Montreal, remained untouched until the 3d of July Out of a population of 25,000 in this place, upwards of 400 persons died.

The population of New York, during the prevalence of the cholera, is supposed to have been reduced by removals to 140,000; previous to the outbreak of the disease, it is estimated to have been 225,000. The number of deaths, from the 1st of July to the middle of October, when this pestilence ceased, has been esti mated differently; but from the best sources of informa

tion, it appears that about 4,000 persons, during this pe riod, died of the cholera. The ratio of deaths to cases was 1 to 2. This pestilence arrived at its height July 21st, on which day 311 new cases were reported.

"With the exception of a very limited number of cases at New Haven, Newport, Providence, Boston, Troy, and a few other places, all that part of the United States lying east of the Hudson river, has been entirely exempted from the ravages of this great destroyer."

The first case of cholera in Philadelphia appeared on the 5th of July, 1832, and the second case on the 9th; but its influence did not acquire its full sway until the 27th. The population of Philadelphia within the bills of mortality was 160,000; but it must be granted that many persons left the city. The number of cases in this city to September 13th was 2,314; the number of deaths 935; ratio of deaths to cases, one to two and a half. Many cases in private practice were not reported. The disease reached its climax on the 7th of August. At Arch-street prison it appeared with great violence; there were 86 cases and 46 deaths. It appears, from observations made in this city, New York, and elsewhere, that the period of life most liable to attack was from 50 to 60 years of age; and that most exempt, from 2 to 10 years. The proportion in regard to sexes in this city was 5930 males, to 407 females. Ratio of cases to white population, 1 to 74; black population, 1 to 41. "The city of Philadelphia, previous to her waterworks being in operation, suffered severely by yellow fever; but unlike yellow fever, which always located itself in the most filthy parts of the city, the cholera diffused itself indiscriminately over every portion of her wide and beautiful domain."

In Baltimore, the number of deaths by cholera to September 29, 1832, was 710; in Norfolk, to September 11, 400; in Cincinnati, from May 1 to August 7, 1833, 307; in Nashville, from March 27 to July 12, 27 whites and 50 blacks. The disease appeared in New Orleans, October 27, 1832, and raged at different periods after that time with great severity, particularly among the

black population. It is stated that the pecuniary .oss to Louisiana by the death of slaves amounted to four millions of dollars -See Hayward's Statistical Register.

133. Great Fire in New York in 1835.

The following is an account of the greatest fire ever known in the United States, which took place in New York, December 16th, 1835. It broke out about nine o'clock in the evening, in the richest part of the city, and extended in all directions. The night was exceedingly cold, and the wind high. It is estimated that upwards of seventeen millions worth of property was destroyed.

One of the most alarming and destructive fires ever known in this hemisphere, broke out on Wednesday evening, December 16th, 1835, in the premises of Messrs. Crawford and Andrews, situate No. 25 Merchant street, which in a short time raged with such intensity as to defy the exertions of the firemen, and others, who with equal zeal and promptitude, were quickly on the spot for the purpose of stopping its ravages. The inutility of all aid was, however, soon perceptible, and all that could be done, was to remove what could in haste be got together, to such places as were deemed beyond the reach of the devouring element. With this impression, an immense quantity of goods were placed for safety, from buildings in the immediate vicinity of the fire, in the Merchants' Exchange and reformed Dutch church, where it was presumed they would remain free from danger: alas! the futility of human speculation; but a short time had elapsed from the time of such deposite, to the whole being enveloped in flames, and these splendid buildings were soon reduced to a heap of ashes. The power of man was fruitlessly employed in attempts to stay its impetuosity, which every minute increased in the most alarming manner, spreading in all directions, and causing the ut most dismay and consternation through the whole city. Any attempt to convey to the mind a faithful description of the awfully grand scene that presented itself to the