has in an eminent degree, that of escape. You drive him into a corner with both hands; but he's gone, sir, when you think you have got him-like an animal that jumps over your head. Then he has a great range for wit; he never lets truth stand between him and a jest, and he is sometimes mighty coarse. Garrick is under many restraints from which Foote is free.' WILKES: 'Garrick's wit is more like Lord Chesterfield's.' JOHNSON: The first time I was in company with Foote was at Fitzherbert's. Having no good opinion of the fellow, I was resolved not to be pleased; and it is very difficult to please a man against his will. I went on eating my dinner pretty sullenly, affecting not to mind him. But the dog was so very comical that I was obliged to lay down my knife and fork, throw myself back upon my chair, and fairly laugh it out. No, sir, he was irresistible.1 He upon one occasion experienced, in an extraordinary degree, the efficacy of his powers of entertaining. Amongst the many and various modes which he tried of getting money, he became a partner with a small-beer brewer, and he was to have a share of the profits for procuring customers amongst his numerous acquaintance. Fitzherbert was one who took his small-beer; but it was so bad that the servants resolved not to drink it. They were at some loss how to notify their resolution, being afraid of offending their master, who they knew liked Foote much as a companion. At last they fixed upon a little black boy, who was rather a favourite, to be their deputy, and deliver their remonstrance; and having invested him with the whole authority of 1 Foote told me that Johnson said of him, 'For loud obstreperous broad-faced mirth I know not his equal.' the kitchen, he was to inform Mr. Fitzherbert, in all their names, upon a certain day, that they would drink Foote's small-beer no longer. On that day Foote happened to dine at Fitzherbert's, and this boy served at table; he was so delighted with Foote's stories, and merriment, and grimace, that when he went downstairs, he told them, "This is the finest man I have ever seen. I will not deliver your message. I will drink his small-beer." Somebody observed that Garrick could not have done this. WILKES: 'Garrick would have made the small-beer still smaller. He is now leaving the stage; but he will play Scrub all his life.' I knew that Johnson would let nobody attack Garrick but himself, as Garrick said to me, and I had heard him praise his liberality; so to bring out his commendation of his celebrated pupil, I said loudly, 'I have heard Garrick is liberal.' JOHNSON: 'Yes, sir, I know that Garrick has given away more money than any man in England that I am acquainted with, and that not from ostentatious views. Garrick was very poor when he began life; so when he came to have money, he probably was very unskilful in giving away, and saved when he should not. But Garrick began to be liberal as soon as he could; and I am of opinion, the reputation of avarice which he has had has been very lucky for him, and prevented his having many enemies. You despise a man for avarice, but do not hate him. Garrick might have been much better attacked for living with more splendour than is suitable to a player: if they had had the wit to have assaulted him in that quarter, they might have galled him more. But they have kept clamouring about his avarice, which has rescued him from much obloquy and envy.' Talking of the great difficulty of obtaining authentic information for biography, Johnson told us, 'When I was a young fellow I wanted to write the "Life of Dryden," and in order to get materials, I applied to the only two persons then alive who had seen him; these were old Swinney and old Cibber. Swinney's information was no more than this, "That at Will's coffee-house Dryden had a particular chair for himself, which was set by the fire in winter, and was then called his winter-chair; and that it was carried out for him to the balcony in summer, and was then called his summer-chair.' Cibber could tell no more but "that he remembered him a decent old man, arbiter of critical disputes at Will's." You are to consider that Cibber was then at a great distance from Dryden, had perhaps one leg only in the room, and durst not draw in the other.' BOSWELL: 'But Cibber was a man of observation?' JOHNSON: 'I think not.' BOSWELL: 'You will allow his Apology to be well done.' JOHNSON: 'Very well done, to be sure, sir. That book is a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark: "Each might his several province well command, BOSWELL: 'And his plays are good.' JOHNSON: 'Yes; making a linnet soar on an eagle's wing. I told him that when the ancients made a simile they always made it like something real.' Mr. Wilkes remarked, that among all the bold flights of Shakespeare's imagination, the boldest was making Birnam wood march to Dunsinnane; creating a wood where there never was a shrub; a wood in Scotland !-ha! ha! ha!' And he also observed, that 'the clannish slavery of the Highlands of Scotland was the single exception to Milton's remark of “The Mountain Nymph, sweet Liberty," being worshipped in all hilly countries.' 'When I was at Inveraray (said he), on a visit to my old friend Archibald, Duke of Argyll, his dependants congratulated me on being such a favourite of his Grace. I said, “It is then, gentlemen, truly lucky for me; for if I had displeased the Duke, and he had wished it, there is not a Campbell among you but would have been ready to bring John Wilkes's head to him in a charger. It would have been only "Off with his head! So much for Aylesbury." I was then member for Aylesbury.' Dr. Johnson and Mr. Wilkes talked of the contested passage in Horace's Art of Poetry, 'Difficile est proprie communia dicere.' Mr. Wilkes, according to my note, gave the interpretation thus: 'It is difficult to speak with propriety of common things; as, if a poet had to speak of Queen Caroline drinking tea, he must endeavour to avoid the vulgarity of cups and saucers.' But upon reading my note, he tells me that he meant to say, that 'the word communia being a Roman law-term, signifies here things communis juris, that is to say, what have never yet been treated by anybody; and this appears clearly from what followed, "tuque Rectius Iliacum carmen deducis in actus, Quam si proferres ignota indictaque primus." You will easier make a tragedy out of the Iliad than on any subject not handled before.'1 JOHNSON: 'He means that it is difficult to appropriate to particular persons qualities which are common to all mankind, as Homer has done.' WILKES: 'We have no city poet now; that is an office which has gone into disuse. The last was 1 My very pleasant friend himself, as well as others who remember old stories, will no doubt be surprised, when I observe that John Wilkes here shows himself to be of the Warburtonian school. It is nevertheless true, as appears from Dr. Hurd the Bishop of Worcester's very elegant commentary and notes on the Epistola ad Pisones. It is necessary to a fair consideration of the question, that the whole passage in which the words occur should be kept in view: 'Si quid inexpertum scenæ committis, et audes Non circa vilem patulumque moraberis orbem ; Interpres; nec desilies imitator in arctum, Unde pedem proferre pudor vetat, aut operis lex.'-v. 125. The Commentary' thus illustrates it: 'But the formation_of quite new characters is a work of great difficulty and hazard. For here there is no generally received and fixed archetype to work after, but every one judges of common right, according to the extent and comprehension of his own idea; therefore, he advises to labour and refit old characters and subjects, particularly those made known and authorised by the practice of Homer and the Epic writers.' The 'Note' is, 'Difficile est proprie communia dicere.' Lambin's comment is, Communia hoc loco appellat Horatius argumenta fabularum a nullo adhuc tractata: et ita, quæ cuivis exposită sunt et in medio quodammodo posita, quasi vacua et a nemine occupata.' And that this is the true meaning of communia, evidently fixed by the words ignota VOL. IV. F |