Senator O'MAHONEY. So that he couldn't have been responsible for any delay from 1926 to 1933? Mr. KARRICK. That is right. Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover put in my hands all of the Federal Government's research data pertaining to the production of oil from the coals in Utah, to act as custodian, to safeguard the data. I still have it in a vault in the East, which costs me $90 a year. They then had established a rule which said that all Government scientists should patent their discoveries, so they decided to hold that back until the industry got started. Three years ago they advertised for some additional engineers. I was then switched back into the Department of the Interior. And I asked to go back in the Bureau of Mines and Department of the Interior to complete and put in final form the bulletin and carry on this work, but I was refused appointment. Senator O'MAHONEY. Well, now, Mr. Karrick, I really don't want to interrupt your testimony, but it is coming down to be purely a personal matter now, isn't it? Mr. KARRICK. These are answers as to who prevented it. That is my answer to your question. Senator O'MAHONEY. Because the publication of a bulletin and the development of oil shales are two altogether different subjects. Mr. KARRICK. We call them identical. They are identical substances. One has 90 percent ash, oil shale; rock and coal has 90 percent coal and 10 percent ash. Different thermo-chemical conditions apply to make an oil out of both of them, so the subject will appear in two bulletins-but the two are not being published. Senator MURDOCK. When you say that there will appear two bulletins, what do you mean? Mr. KARRICK. That is right. Senator MURDOCK. Now, you have stated that the data from which the bulletins will be made up has been submitted by you; is that right? Mr. KARRICK. The data pertaining to the oil from coal and the economies of it have been submitted to whom? Senator MURDOCK. Submitted to whom? Mr. KARRICK. To the United States Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh. Senator MURDOCK. And it is still with them? Mr. KARRICK. The abstract bulletin which they had me file as a matter of record before I came back to Utah is in the Bureau of Mines files in Washington. Senator MURDOCK. But for some reason or other it has never been published? Mr. KARRICK. That is, they haven't permitted it to be published because they wouldn't let me complete the work-that is, complete the writing. Senator MURDOCK. That is, it is incomplete and couldn't be published in its present form. Mr. KARRICK. They have all of our data. One of their men could write it, if they don't want to have me come back to do it and don't want to spend extra money. Senator O'MAHONEY. Then the data is there and all that remains to complete the work is for somebody to take that data that you have submitted and write it into bulletin form and publish it; is that right? Mr. KARRICK. That is correct. Senator O'MAHONEY. But you are very desirous, as a result of your studies, to have that published? Mr. KARRICK. The public are. It is their tax money, spent so many hundred thousand on the entire subject. And the other bulletin will be written by my associate, M. J. Gavin, who is with the Bureau of Mines in Los Angeles, and he has tried to finish the publication of that, and a few months ago I saw him and he said they seemed to feel they might let it come out in small parts. In other words, we have tried to get this out, we don't make any headway. That is what I mean by 'politics." Senator O'MAHONEY. Is that all? Mr. KARRICK. This map augments what has been said about the other resources. I should take a moment to point out the features of that. This is a map of this area of Utah. It shows the natural resources which extend over into Wyoming and Colorado. The red is a very accurately prepared outline of where the phosphate is. The green is the oil shale, the gray is the coal, of which there is 200,000,000,000 tons, or 200,000,000,000 barrels of oil, the same as in the rock asphalt. The darker gray color is the developed coal. This is the alunite near Marysvale [indicating]. The purple is the gil sonite that Mr. Means talked about. This is a carefully prepared area of the soluble potash that has been brought out in some of the remarks this afternoon. In the center of this area is a new lake, a power site for 500,000 horsepower, which I donated to the Secretary of the Interior on his request. That is a 500,000 horsepower water right that will make a lake across this basin. The plant will be near Green River and give the chief power for the potash industry that has been claimed as necessary. I donated that water right to the Government in November 1938, and it is in the center of the richest part of the United States in fertilizer, potash and phosphate, and just across the Wyoming line is your leucite. There is a Government bulletin on that, stating why these two should be worked together. This power would make all that possible. Mr. BROWN. Mr. Hansen, the president of the Utah Southern Oil Co. STATEMENT OF G. T. HANSEN, PRESIDENT OF THE UTAH SOUTHERN OIL CO. Mr. G. T. HANSEN. I would like to present, Senator, a paper that was left with me by Ed. Watson, giving a short dissertation on carbon dioxide and helium in Utah. Mr. Watson is the State engineer of Utah. Senator O'MAHONEY. Do you want that incorporated in the record? Mr. HANSEN. Yes. Senator O'MAHONEY. Very well. (The following was submitted for the record:) STATEMENT OF ED. H. WATSON, STATE ENGINEER OF UTAH TESTIMONY OF ED. H. WATSON PERTAINING TO CARBON DIOXIDE AND HELIUM IN UTAH CARBON DIOXIDE Commercial carbon dioxide or "dry ice" is being produced from the Farnham Dome in sec. 12, T. 15 S., R. 1 E., Salt Lake meridian. The well is located about 12 miles southeast of Price, Carbon County, Utah; whence the gas is piped to the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad at Wellington, about 6 miles to the west. Here the plant is reported to be producing about 25 tons of commercial dry ice per day. The well was drilled by the Utah Oil Refining Co. in 1922 to a depth of 3,165 feet, at which point Permian beds were encountered and the gas discovered. Other carbon dioxide wells have been discovered in the State, namely at Woodside, Emery County, Harley Dome, northeast of Cisco, Grand County, and on the east anticline near Bluff, San Juan County, Utah. HELIUM This light and inert gas was discovered in a well near Woodside, Emery County, Utah, located in T. 18 S., R. 13 E., Salt Lake base meridian. The well was drilled to a depth of 3,100 feet, at which point the Permian beds were encountered. This well was also drilled by the Utah Oil Refining Co. in 1922. The helium occurs in connection with carbon dioxide. At the time of the discovery the Bureau of Mines took over the well and measured its pressure, volume, and helium content. The well was finally plugged with heavy mud to insure its preservation. A helium reserve of 10,000 acres was created. A small amount of helium gas was also reported to have been found in a well drilled on Harley Dome, Grand County, Utah, in T. 19 S., R. 25 E., Salt Lake base meridian. Mr. BROWN. Just one more, Senator; that is Mr. Landwehr. Mr. LANDWEHR. Mr. Chairman, I would like permission to present a brief on phosphate rock. Senator O'MAHONEY. Very well. STATEMENT OF W. R. LANDWEHR, OF SALT LAKE CITY PHOSPHATE ROCK The mineable deposits of phosphate rock in the State of Utah are sufficient to supply any conceivable future needs. Based principally upon studies made by the United States Geological Survey and the Utah Agricultural College, the phosphate reserves of the State, by counties, are: The largest mineable deposits of high-grade rock are those in Rich County, but the cost of transportation over existing facilities prohibits its use in Salt Lake Valley in competition with similar deposits in adjoining States. The construction of proper truck roads and establishment of comparable freight rates should correct this condition. In Utah, Salt Lake, and Wasatch Counties are deposits of suitable grade and sufficient tonnage for the manufacture of fertilizer and to supply the iron industry of the State. The Diamond Canyon deposit in Utah County is at present supplying the needs of the Ironton plant of the Columbia Steel Co., and its reserves of a million tons or more are sufficient to supply the future needs for the manufacture of fertilizer. Additional deposits have been prospected in the three counties but as yet have not been placed upon a productive basis. For most of the area good transportation facilities assure low delivery costs to all Salt Lake Valley points. Sulfuric acid, necessary for the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer, is being produced at the rate of 100 tons a day at the Garfield plant of the Garfield Chemical & Manufacturing Corporation. The capacity of this plant could be increased to meet any demands for the manufacture of fertilizer. At the Ironton plant of the Columbia Steel Co. ammonium sulfate fertilizer is being manufactured as a byproduct from the coke ovens. The present rate of production is about 5,000 tons a year, but the contemplated increase in capacity for steel production will make possible a corresponding increase in production of ammonium sulfate, if needed. The enormous deposits of salts in the basin of Great Salt Lake contain potassium. Bonneville, Ltd., has a plant at Wendover, Utah, which has been in operation for several years and in which, by means of solar evaporation, potassium chloride (muriate of potash) is being produced at the rate of 28,000 tons a year. The almost unlimited salt deposits and the success of the solar evaporation process assure an ample supply of potash for the manufacture of fertilizer. Utah therefore is at the present time producing all ingredients necessary for the manufacture of the so-called commercial fertilizers and has a potential capacity to meet all requirements for that product. Now, this gentleman from Nevada wanted to be heard. STATEMENT OF CLARENCE MILNER, OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH MANGANESE Mr. CLARENCE MILNER. Oh, there was a discussion about manganese, was all, and I have just come from Nevada after examining a very large outcropping of manganese. Senator O'MAHONEY. Please state your name to the reporter. Mr. MILNER. Mr. Clarence Milner. Senator O'MAHONEY. And whereabouts in Nevada are you from? Mr. MILNER. I am from Salt Lake here. Senator O'MAHONEY. Oh, all right. Mr. MILNER. But somebody was discussing manganese here, you know, and I thought perhaps you were interested. If you are, why Senator O'MAHONEY. The committee, of course, is interested. That is what we are studying. We are studying natural western resources. Mr. MILNER. I understand that, but Mr. Brown chopped me off. Senator O'MAHONEY. Mr. Brown had priority over you; that is all there was to that. Mr. MILNER. I understand that. He told me I could wait until the rest got through. But you have asked me now, so I will tell you about it. I examined a property over there; there has not been much work done on it, but I would say offhand that it is the biggest thing I have seen, and I have seen many manganese properties. I imagine there is 10,000,000 tons in sight. But I am not going to tell where it is before all these people, naturally. But it is pyrillucite, and here is a sample of it, and Mr. Landwehr, I imagine, can tell you it is a pretty good piece of rock. How about it? He is a geologist. Senator O'MAHONEY. Very well. Thank you. This lady wanted to say something. Give the reporter your name. Mrs. WILLIS. Iva Ong Willis. I live in Salt Lake City. As I stated before, president of the People's Practical Development Foundation. And I have pioneered a program. Our program was intended to employ the unemployed of the State of Utah. It now represents millions of dollars. You have discussed everything here today but what this thing means to the individual, and I would like to say, Senator Murdock, that what we have in Utah is needed to regain the health of our 130,000,000 people, besides the countries that we will have to rebuild-and make our citizens well, we have all of that in Utah. And our program is based on the nine-point program that literally means millions to Utah, and our banking system would be a commonlaw trust. That is the way we would finance it. We would have to have the assistance of the Government or Federal control-one or probably both. Senator O'MAHONEY. You want to file this with the clerk? STATEMENT OF ARTHUR L. CRAWFORD Mr. A. L. CRAWFORD. I have here two copies of each of two reports we have on private properties. I have held these out to be submitted with the written record. Senator O'MAHONEY. You want to file these with the clerk? Mr. CRAWFORD. Yes, sir. Senator O'MAHONEY. They may be filed with the clerk. (The matter referred to is as follows:) GILSONITE GILSONITE AND RELATED HYDROCARBONS IN UTAH By Arthur L. Crawford Chairman O'Mahoney, and honorable members of the subcommittee of the Public Lands Committee of the United States Senate: In the 5 minutes allotted me I desire to direct your attention to a map and cross-section sketch of the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah, and by this means help you in visualizing a region in Utah vastly rich in potential resources, yet one of the poorest in the whole United States, if measured by the taxable assets of its present inhabitants. It is not only hemmed in by the lofty Uinta Mountains on the north and the precipitous Book Cliffs on the south, but it is cut off from Colorado on the east by mountainous barriers, and from Salt Lake City and the more populous portions of Utah to the west by the great Wasatch Range. Poor transportation and remoteness from markets have prevented the industrial development of this inland empire. In this remote area there occurs a series of unique hydrocarbons, some of which are found nowhere else in the entire world. Among these, the one occurring in greatest abundance and possessing the chief importance, is gilsonite. Gilsonite is a black, lustrous, brittle asphaltite with a brown streak and a high melt point (230° to 500° F.) filling long, remarkably straight, comparatively simple fissures in the brittle calcareous oil shales and sandstones of Eocene age. The great handicap of its isolation in a single remote corner of the globe, far removed from its potential markets, has prevented the rapid introduction of gilsonite into world commerce. In sipte of this handicap, however, gilsonite has already become an indispensable part of many high-grade varnishes, lacquers, paints, acid proofings, insulations, plastics, and mastics. It is used as an im |