Bias Crimes: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, May 11, 1992U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992 - 184 strani |
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AALDEF African American Amendment anti-Asian violence Anti-Defamation League Asian American assault attack Bensonhurst bias crime bias-related Bici bigoted bigotry Brooklyn Chaplinsky City civil rights Code for Submission committed conduct CONG CONGRESS THE LIBRARY constitutional constitutionality County Yes crime data collection Crimes Statistics Act Criminal Justice defendant District Attorney Doyle enacted enhance ETHNIC INTIMIDATION LAWS ethnic intimidation statutes expression Federal fighting words harassment hate crime data hate crime reporting hate crime training Hate Crimes Statistics hatred Howard Beach incidents Jackson Heights Julio killed law enforcement agencies LAW REVIEW Vol lesbians LIBRARY OF CONGRESS located at end motivated violence murder NIBRS Office Ohio penalty person problem prosecution prosecutors protection punished race racially motivated rape Riff Rivera SCHUMER SENSENBRENNER sentencing sexual orientation society subcommittee Submission Medium supra note Supreme Court swastika tion UCLA LAW REVIEW UCR Program Uniform Crime Reporting vagueness victims women Wong Wyant York
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Stran 139 - There are certain welldefined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which have never been thought to raise any Constitutional problem.
Stran 105 - Accordingly a function of free speech under our system of government is to invite dispute. It may indeed best serve its high purpose when it induces a condition of unrest, creates dissatisfaction with conditions as they are, or even stirs people to anger.
Stran 123 - Whoever places on public or private property a symbol, object, appellation, characterization or graffiti, including, but not limited to, a burning cross or Nazi swastika, which one knows or has reasonable grounds to know arouses anger, alarm, or resentment in others on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, or gender commits disorderly conduct and shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Stran 164 - It was now perceived that such phrases as ' self-government,' and ' the power of the people over themselves,' do not express the true state of the case. The ' people' who exercise the power, are not always the same people with those over whom it is exercised ; and the ' selfgovernment' spoken of, is not the government of each by himself, but of each by all the rest.
Stran 149 - If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein If there are any circumstances which permit an exception, they do not now occur to us.
Stran 139 - These include the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or "fighting" words — those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. It has been well observed that such utterances are no essential part of any exposition of ideas, and are of such slight social value as a step to truth that any benefit that may be derived from them is clearly outweighed by the social interest in order and morality.
Stran 149 - But freedom to differ is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to things that touch the heart of the existing order.
Stran 106 - These later decisions have fashioned the principle that the constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a State to forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force or of law violation except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.* As we said in Noto v.
Stran 162 - ... superiority or hatred, incitement to racial discrimination, as well as all acts of violence or incitement to such acts against any race or group of persons of another...
Stran 125 - It is a basic principle of due process that an enactment is void for vagueness if its prohibitions are not clearly defined. Vague laws offend several Important values. First, because we assume that man is free to steer between lawful and unlawful conduct, we insist that laws give the person of ordinary intelligence a reasonable opportunity to know what is prohibited, so that he may act accordingly.