in which we are forewarned that false prophets and false Christians will arise, that "the light which is in us be not darkness."

If productive of no other results, we are confident that Mr. Garratt will regret neither the time nor labour expended upon a subject of no ordinary interest and importance, if any are thereby led to seek, by more diligent study, and by more fervent and continuous prayer, to realize, in a larger measure than heretofore, that special blessing which is attached, in the words with which we conclude our short notice of this work, to the perusal of one of the most important, but most generally neglected, portions of the inspired volume: "Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein, for the time is at hand." (Rev. i. 3.)

Hints on Clerical Reading, especially intended for young Clergymen and Candidates for Holy Orders. By the Rev. Henry Dale, M.A., Rector of Wilby, Northamptonshire; Author of "A New Translation of Thucydides," &c. Rivingtons. 1869. MR. Dale observes with justice that there is one class of readers for whom the art of reading has an especial interest, the clergy of the Established Church; and he expresses his conviction (in which we entirely concur) that the frequent complaints which we hear of failures in this respect are but too well founded.

After a few general hints upon the art of reading, illustrated by some not inapposite anecdotes, together with some general cautions against the faults of most common occurrence, Mr. Dale devotes several chapters of this short though valuable manual to the correction of errors of common occurrence in the reading, both of the Book of Common Prayer, and of the appointed Lessons of the Calendar.

"In the

We will give a few illustrations from both sources. Nicene Creed" (Mr. Dale observes, p. 35) "the semicolon is often changed into a comma after the clause, 'being of one substance with the Father;' and the comma at the end of the next clause is changed into a semicolon, or still longer stop: the effect of which is, that the making of all things is attributed to God the Father, and not to God the Son; to Whom this Creed really attributes it, in accordance with such texts of Scripture as John i. 10."

Mr. Dale notices another error, of frequent occurrence, which is made in the reading of the Nicene Creed. "Almost always,' he observes, "a pause is made after Giver'; as though the following words depended alike on both the preceding nouns." We think it would be desirable to add, that in this case no pause is made after the word "Lord"; whereas the correct reading, as a moment's glance at the Greek suffices to prove, is properly represented by Mr. Dale thus, "the Lord-and Giver of life."

Again, Mr. Dale refers to another error of not uncommon occurrence, which has its origin in ignorance or forgetfulness of the reflective use of the verb 66 endeavour.' This use of the word is found (1) in the Collect for the Second Sunday after Easter, "and also daily endeavour ourselves to follow"; (2) in the Service for the Ordering of Priests, "I will endeavour myself so to do"; and (3) in the Order of Confirmation, "they will evermore endeavour themselves faithfully to observe," &c.; in all of which cases it is obvious that the meaning is to exert oneself, or put forth one's efforts to do so and so.

Another error noticed by Mr. Dale, is the laying a stress on the first part only of words having the same termination, as e.g. in the General Thanksgiving, which we not unfrequently hear read thus, "We thank thee for our creation, preservation," &c.

As an illustration of cases in which prepositions are robbed of their due emphasis, Mr. Dale notices the following passage in the Nicene Creed, "God of God, Light of Light," &c., with regard to which he observes that not unfrequently the mode of reading adopted by the clerk, whether proceeding from tradition or from ignorance, is more correct than that adopted by the clergyman. Here, again, a glance at the original Greek is conclusive of the force of the preposition, and the emphasis which rightfully belongs to it.

We will now notice a few of the passages of Holy Scripture which occur in the appointed Lessons for the Sunday and other Services, with regard to which we think Mr. Dale's observations, though of course not original, sensible and useful.

Our first example is taken from the chapter appointed for use as the Lesson in the Burial Service, "Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened except it die," where it is obvious, from the most superficial glance at the original, that full emphasis should be given to the word "thou."

With regard to 1 Cor. iv. 4, "For I know nothing by myself," whilst we agree with Mr. Dale that it is correct to lay an emphasis on the word "by," we fear that comparatively few will understand that the true meaning of the preposition is nearly equivalent, as he justly observes, to "against.'

As another illustration of the emphasis which ought, in cer

tain places, to be laid on prepositions, Mr. Dale refers to Acts xx. 16, where the emphasis, which is sometimes laid on the word "Ephesus," to the exclusion of that which belongs yet more strongly to the preposition, serves to convey an idea directly contrary to that which is designed. "For Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus (i. e., not to touch at that place), because he would not spend the time in Asia."

As an illustration of the importance of the adoption of correct tones of the voice as well as of correct emphasis, Mr. Dale, referring to the passage, "Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel or under a bed?" quotes an observation of Archbishop Whately in his "Rhetoric," to the effect that he has heard the passage so pronounced, that, even although the emphasis was laid on the right words, the idea conveyed by the reader's tones was that there was no other alternative."

We will conclude our notice of this useful little book by referring to the pronunciation of a few of the proper names which occur in the Lessons, and which are not unfrequently incorrectly pronounced.

There are some of these with respect to which it is difficult to determine between the correct and the customary pronun ciation; as e. g., in the cases of Zebulon, Deborah, Magdalene, and Sceva.

Mr. Dale does not enter upon the subject of Old Testament names at all; and, with regard to those which are found in the New Testament, he confines his observations, for the most part, to cases in which there can be little or no difference of opinion amongst persons who are acquainted with the original.

Amongst those commonly mispronounced he notices Eneas, which seems to be confounded with the classical Æneas; Patrobas, of which the penultimate is not unfrequently lengthened; Urbane, which is too commonly read as though a trisyllabic name of a woman; and Timotheus and Eliseus, which are frequently converted into Timotheus and Eliseus. Mr. Dale, however, is mistaken in the quantity he assigns to Cenchrea, which is short in the New Testament, although long in Thucydides, which probably misled him. We may also notice that Alford, in his Greek Testament, adopts the reading Lasea.

In bringing this review to a close, we are anxious to express our conviction that we have seldom met with so many useful hints to young and inexperienced readers expressed in clearer language, or compressed within shorter limits. We heartily wish the writer that success in the wide circulation of this little volume which its merits deserve.

COMMUNION OF THE SICK.

(Song of Solomon v. 2; Rev. iii. 20.)
THE sun is set, the twilight's o'er,
The night dews fall like rain:
A Prince stands at a suppliant's door,
And knocks, and knocks again.
"I slumber; but my heart is moved
With joy and holy fear:

Is it Thy footstep, O beloved,

Thy hand, Thy voice I hear ?"
""Tis I, thy Lord, who stand and wait
Beneath the darkening sky:
Arise, unbar, unclose the gate,
Fear nothing; it is I.

The bread of life is in My hand;
The wine of heaven I bring:
Fulfil my tenderest, last command:
Thy Bridegroom is thy King.

Eat, drink; and muse in loving trust,
The while I sup with thee,

If this be heaven on earth, what must
My Bridal banquet be."

Hampstead; December, 1869.

E. H. B.

66

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

Religions Thought in England. From the Reformation till the end of the last Century. By the Rev. John Hunt, M.A., Author of an Essay on Pantheism." Vol. I. London: Strahan. 1870.-Those of our readers who are familiar with Hallam's "Literature of Europe," will not need any elaborate account from us of Mr. Hunt's work. For them it would suffice to say that Mr. Hunt has more copiously, and, we may almost say, more professionally, handled a branch of the general subject embraced in Mr. Hallam's volumes, which neither the limits nor the tastes of the great historian permitted him to enter into very freely. We feel it due to add, that, within his own province, Mr. Hunt has emulated the great master very creditably. For those who are unacquainted with Hallam's great work, we may say that Mr. Hunt passes in review, and fur nishes analyses of, the works of all the chief theological writers in England, commencing with Barnes, Frith, and Tyndale, down to the period of Baxter, Locke, and Lord Herbert of Cherbury. These analyses are also briefly commented upon by Mr. Hunt, and by this means, and by supplementary historical narrative where requisite, connection is thus preserved, linking the several writers together, so that the whole forms a kind of history of religious thought and progress both within and without the Church of England for the period in question. Mr. Hunt seems to have executed his task with much fairness and judgment, and has, in a volume of about four

hundred and fifty pages, condensed the results of very extensive reading. The book treats of topics of the utmost importance, which are presented in an interesting manner, so that all persons, whatever may be the nature of their pursuits, who are capable of reading a sensible book, will derive pleasure and instruction from the perusal of it. There is of course much of it that is familiar to professed students of theological literature, but even they will not be sorry to have such a compendium available; and for those who are entering upon such studies, it will be a valuable guide and book of reference. We shall be glad to welcome the second volume on its appearance, and in the meantime have to thank Mr. Hunt for a very serviceable addition to a library. A good index will, we trust, find its appropriate place at the conclusion of the work, and will much enhance the interest of it. Without endorsing all Mr. Hunt's views and statements, which in many points, so far as he allows them to appear, differ materially from our own, we commend the book very heartily, as one from which much useful information may be gathered. We do not agree with all the results of Hallam's studies, but we are not the less sensible of the value of his works. Such is also our judgment of Mr. Hunt, in his measure and degree.

An Apology for the True Christian Divinity. By Robert Barclay. Thirteenth Edition. Manchester: Irwin. 1869.--We do not know whether it was with the object of bringing us "to unfeigned repentance by the acknowledgment of the truth," that the publisher has forwarded this book to us, as most unquestionably the worthy author would have sent it in his day and generation. Two hundred years have clapsed since this treatise was first given to the world, and was brought under the notice of Charles II., we may not say dedicated to him, by the author. It is a compendious manual, embodying, with much ability and earnest piety, "the views held forth and preached by the people in scorn called Quakers." It would be superfluous to say that we differ, on many most important points, from the doctrines propounded; but the celebrity of the author, the vein of true piety which runs through the book, and the respect in which it is held by Barclay's co-religionists, so that it may almost be looked upon as a "Confession of Faith," if such a thing existed among those who are emphatically

"Nullius addicti jurare in verba magistri,"

make it a work of abiding interest; and those who are willing to hear what "Friends" have to say of and for themselves, and not to gather their notions of them at second hand, cannot well resort to a more convenient and accredited document than the Apology of Barclay of Ury.

Little Max, with Fifteen Etchings. By Rudolf Geissler. London: Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday. 1869.--This is, indeed, a magnificent child's book. The story is adapted to the comprehension of the youngest readers or listeners. The letter-press is beautifully executed, the paper of the finest quality, and the etchings such as may well excite the emulation of our English artists. We regret, in these days in which German is so generally studied, that the many pretty songs which the etchings are designed to illustrate are not given in the original as well as in an English translation.