LIBRARY, MUSEUMS, AND LABORATORIES

The General Library, housed in the new building made possible by the bequest of the late Charles F. Doe, now contains about 290,000 volumes. It is constantly augmented by donations and exchange, and by large purchases of books with the income from the Michael Reese, Jane K. Sather, E. A. Denicke, Alumnus, Meyer, Jucksch, and other funds.

The extensive Bancroft collection of manuscripts and books relating to Pacific Coast history is in process of arrangement. The major portion of the manuscripts has been calendered.

The resources of the Library are supplemented by borrowings from other libraries; and, similarly, the Library lends its books, under proper regulation, to other institutions.

Several of the departments of instruction have separately kept collections of books, useful for ready reference and classroom work.

The library and reading room of the department of Agriculture, situated in Agriculture Hall, receives the publications of the Experiment Stations of the United States and other countries, as well as pamphlets on agricultural subjects published by various governments and commissions. About one hundred and forty dailies, weeklies, and monthlies are regularly received.

MUSEUMS

In the growth of the University during recent years, the space requirements of the various departments have made it impossible to keep in one building the collections which were originally designed to serve as the basis for a University Museum. Excepting the Museum of Greek Sculpture and Anthropology and the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, the collections of the various departments have been distributed among the buildings in which these departments are situated. The Museum of Greek Sculpture and Anthropology and the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology are segregated in buildings which, though temporary in character, are specially constructed for museum purposes.

Museum of Anthropology.-The University of California Museum of Anthropology, organized in 1901 with the establishment of a department of anthropology, through the generosity of Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, consists of two divisions, one in San Francisco, the other in Berkeley.

The Museum of Anthropology, San Francisco Division, was opened to public exhibition on October 4, 1911, in temporary quarters comprising the western building at the Affiliated Colleges in San Francisco. The museum is open without charge from 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. on Sundays and holidays, and from 10 A.M to 4 P.M. on all week days except Mondays, throughout the year.

The unit collections exhibited in the halls open to the public are those from Egypt, ancient Peru, Greece, Italy, Asia, the Philippine Islands, the other Pacific Islands, the Indians of California, Alaska, the Plains and the Southwest. Public lectures of popular character are given on anthropological subjects every Sunday afternoon at 3 p. m.

The Museum of Greek Sculpture and Anthropology, Berkeley Division, in the building on the campus known as the Museum, is open to the public Sunday afternoons from 1 to 5 o'clock, throughout the year. It comprises an excellent series of plaster casts of ancient Greek, Roman, and Oriental statuary; also selected exhibits of anthropological collections from ancient Peru, the Philippine Islands, New Guinea, Mexico, the California, Plains, Alaska, and Iroquois Indians, and the Eskimo.

The scope of the collections comprised in both divisions of the museum is as follows:

The anthropology of California is fully represented on the prehistoric, recent and racial sides. The archaeological collections cover all parts of the state in some measure. They are most extensive and systematic from those regions that have proven most fertile to archaeological exploration, the Santa Barbara Archipelago and the shellmounds of San Francisco Bay. In ethnology, the three principal areas of distinctive native culture, the Northwestern, Central, and Southern, are represented about equally. The groups illustrated are the Yurok, Karok, Hupa, Tolowa, Chilula, Mad River, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, Wailaki, Kato, Wiyot, Shasta, Achomawi, Atsugewi, Klamath Lake, Modoc, Northern and Southern Yana, Maidu, Northern and Central Wintun, Yuki, Wappo, Pomo, Miwok, Yokuts, Washo, Salinan, Chumash, Northern Paiute, Mono, Tübatulabal, Panamint, Chemehuevi, Cahuilla, Agua Caliente, Luiseño, Diegueño, Mohave.

From North America other than California there are very extensive collections from the Eskimo, Athabascans, and Tlingit of Alaska, due to the generosity both of the Alaska Commercial Company and of Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst. The Selishan tribes of Puget Sound and British Columbia; the ancient cliff and town dwellers, modern Pueblos, and other Indians of the Southwest; and the Omaha, Kiowa, Sioux, Blackfeet, and other tribes of the prairies and great plains are all represented. The archaeology of the eastern United States is illustrated by collections obtained in excavations made for the museum in Missouri and New

Jersey, as well as by gifts illustrative of other localities. There are reproductions pertaining to the ancient civilization of Mexico, prehistoric specimens from Panama, and ethnological collections from Mexico and Guatemala.

The South American section consists chiefly of collections obtained through expeditions maintained for a number of years in Peru. These collections were formed at Trujillo, Supe, Chancay, Ancon, Lima, Chincha, Ica, Nazca, Chala, and other coast points, and at Huamachuco and Cuzco in the interior, thus covering nearly the entire extent of Peru. Besides containing large series of pottery, important for the determination of the various cultures and periods of ancient Peruvian civilization, these collections are rich in works of metal, stone, and more perishable materials, as well as in somatological specimens.

The Pacific Island region is illustrated by representative specimens from most of the more important Polynesian, Micronesian, and Melanesian groups, among which are many valuable pieces. There are also special collections from British New Guinea, and from the Mohammedan, Christian, and pagan populations of the Philippine Islands.

The Graeco-Roman collections comprise vases, pottery, and bronzes from all periods of Greek and Italic art; about one hundred examples of sculpture in marble, including some specimens of considerable value occupying a definite place in the history of the art of the Mediterranean peoples; ten Etruscan sarcophagi of stone; the contents of seventeen carefully excavated Etruscan graves, besides much other pottery and bronze from the surrounding districts; glass from Syria; coins; Cypriote statuettes and pottery from the earliest period on; and some representation of mosaics, painting, figurines, iron-work, etc. A smaller but carefully chosen number of facsimiles supplements these originals.

The Egyptian collection is among the most extensive and perhaps the most valuable in the museum. It is the result of systematic excavations by the Hearst Egyptian Expedition for a number of years, and represents nearly all periods, from the earliest predynastic to the Christian. The specimens were obtained principally at Der-el-Ballas, El-ahaiwah, Naga-edDer, and Gizeh. This collection has already furnished the evidence for a number of new conclusions regarding the history, customs, and race of the ancient Egyptians.

From Europe the museum contains a series of original and facsimile specimens illustrating palaeolithic and neolithic man, a collection representing the life of the peasantry of Sweden a few generations ago, and a series of examples of Renaissance iron-work.

Collections in physical anthropology include over two thousand skulls or skeletons from California, the Southwest, Peru, Egypt, and other localities. There are photographs of racial types, plaster life-masks, and portraits of North American Indians.

The museum possesses nearly 2000 phonographic cylinders recording religious and secular songs, instrumental music, prayers, charms, and ceremonial formulas, myths, traditions, and historical and personal narratives, mainly in the languages of the California Indians, but representing other races also; 5500 photographic negatives of anthropological subjects; 3000 lantern slides; and 12,000 mechanical tracings and graphic records of Indian speech.

California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology.-In March, 1908, Miss Annie M. Alexander of Oakland founded a research museum for the study of vertebrate animals and has supported it as a constituent part of the University. The objects of the museum are the collection and care of the preservable remains of vertebrate animals other than fishes, with particular view to analysis of the existing faunas of western North America.

The museum's collections have been gathered largely by trained field naturalists, organized each year into expeditions. Each expedition has studied intensively the fauna of some certain restricted area.

During the years from 1908 to 1913, inclusive, the following regions were explored. In Alaska, the Prince William Sound district, and the Sitkan district from Cross Sound to Dixon Entrance; in British Columbia, central Vancouver Island; in Nevada, the Pine Forest Mountains of Humboldt County; and in California, the Warner Mountain region; Modoc County; Trinity Mountains, Siskiyou and Trinity counties; the San Francisco Bay region; San Joaquin Valley; Sacramento Valley; northern coast belt, from Marin to Mendocino County; the extreme southern Sierra Nevada, from Walker Pass, Kern County, to Mount Whitney; Owens Valley; the Colorado River Valley, from Needles to Yuma; the Imperial Valley; the San Jacinto Mountain region; and southern San Diego County.

The effort from year to year is to plan the field work so that the results of previous exploration become more intelligible in the light of additional information. In other words, correlation is the most important consideration upon which the location of field work has been based. It is thus becoming possible to trace out the distribution of many individual species continuously, and to compare adjacent faunas with assurance of an approximate degree of accuracy. Records are also secured which show the significance of changes wrought by deforestation, afforestation, and settlement of regions, with resulting migration of faunal boundaries.

The accumulation of specimens is not the sole function of the museum. Field work is prosecuted always with a view to the gathering of just as

extended information as it is practicable to obtain concerning the distribution, habits, and economic bearing of the animals encountered. This information is filed in readily accessible form, and the specimens are catalogued and installed in convenient system for use in research.

In April, 1914, there were catalogued 20,854 mammals, 24,546 birds, and 5357 reptiles and amphibians. There are also housed in the museum private collections of birds, on deposit, numbering some 14,000 additional specimens. In mammals and birds the museum provides the most extensive collections assembled in any one institution west of Chicago.

All this material lends itself to research along both practical and purely scientific lines. In the latter, opportunity is given for investigation into the facts and theories of isolation, adaptivity, meaning of coloration, in fact, general bionomics as illustrated from field studies as compared with or supplemental to, experimentation. The nature of the preserved specimens also gives abundant basis for systematic and variational studies, and for work in comparative osteology.

Mathematical Models. The department of mathematics has a collection of about three hundred models of mathematical curves and surfaces in plaster, thread, wire, wood, and celluloid, including the Brill collection and the Schroeder models of descriptive geometry.

Botany. The botanical collections of the University contain the following:

I. A Phaenogamic Herbarium of over one hundred and sixty thousand sheets of mounted specimens and fully as much unmounted material which is gradually being incorporated.

The nucleus of this herbarium was formed by a set of the plants collected on the State Geological Survey, from 1860 to 1867, augmented by a set of duplicates of this collection recently received from the herbarium of Professor W. H. Brewer, of Yale University. To this have been added: (1) a number of important herbaria and many smaller collections donated by alumni and other friends of the University, (2) specimens collected by members of the Botanical Department, amounting to several thousand sheets each year, and (3) plants received as a result of exchanges carried on with other institutions. While the aim has been to bring together plants from all parts of the world, particular attention has been given to the Pacific Coast flora, which is especially well represented in this herbarium.

Furthermore, there has been acquired by gift during the last twenty years a large number of important collections, among them the herbaria of Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, of Mrs. R. W. Summers (presented by Regent Phoebe A. Hearst), of Professor W. C. Blasdale, of Professor E.