Congress; several terms in the Territorial Legislature, and two terms as Treasurer of Pima County, where he died on March 24th, 1893.

He

James Pennington, familiarly known as "Old Pennington," was also one of the pioneers of Arizona. The Pennington family consisted of James Pennington, his wife and five children, three daughters and two sons. They moved from Tennessee into Texas, and from thence pushed westward through New Mexico into Arizona and settled upon the Sonoita near Fort Buchanan in the year 1857 or 1858. During the time of the abandonment of the country by the Americans "he occupied," says Ross Browne, "a small cabin three miles above the Calabasas, surrounded by roving bands of hostile Indians. stubbornly refused to leave the country; said he had as much right to it as the infernal Indians, and would live there in spite of all the devils out of the lower regions. His cattle were stolen, his corrals burned down, his fields devastated; yet he stood it out to the last. At times when hard pressed for food, he would go out in the hills for deer, which he packed in on his back at the risk of his life." Frequently, in his absence, his daughters stood guard with guns in their hands, to keep off the Indians who besieged the premises. About this time, Miss Lucera S. Pennington, was married to a Mr. Paige, and was living with her husband in a canyon where she was captured by a roving band of Indians, together with a little girl about ten years of age, said to be a Mexican, and who it is said, afterwards became the wife of the late Charles A. Shibell of Tucson. Mrs Paige, not being able to keep

up with the Indians on their trip over the mountains, one of them ran a lance through her and threw her over a bluff upon a pile of rocks, and supposed he had killed her, as was his intention, but after several days and nights of suffering, she succeeded in getting to where she was recognized, cared for and saved. Her first husband was afterwards killed by Indians. She lived for several years in the vicinity of Camp Crittenden, which was established later near Fort Buchanan, and her father teamed and ranched some on the Sonoita. In 1869, Old James Pennington and his son, Green, were ambushed and killed by the Apaches, and both were buried at Crittenden. Another son named James was killed later by the Apaches. The remainder of the Pennington family moved to Tucson in 1870, and, it is said, returned to Texas, all except Mrs. Paige, who met William F. Scott, at Tucson, and married him. She raised a family of two daughters and one son and died in Tucson March 31, 1913, and was there buried.

"Old Man" Pennington, the head of the family was described as a man of excellent sense, but rather eccentric; large and tall, with a fine face and athletic frame, he presented a good specimen of the American frontiersman. One of the principal streets in Tucson is named for him. This is about all that is known of the Pennington family.

W. H. Kirkland, who raised the first American flag in 1856 in the town of Tucson, was born in Petersburg, Virginia, July 12th, 1832, and emigrated to Arizona shortly after the Gadsden

Purchase, eight or nine years before the organization of the Territory. He and his wife were the first white couple married in Arizona, being married in Tucson May 26th, 1860. In 1863 and 1864, he spent a good deal of time around Walnut Grove mining and ranching, about which time he purchased the ranch located by Pauline Weaver, and there engaged in stockraising. Later he settled in the Salt River Valley, where Mrs. Wayne Ritter, his daughter, was born in Phoenix on August 15th, 1871. She was born in the second house which was built in the city of Phoenix. Kirkland died in Winkleman, Arizona, January 19th, 1911, at the age of 78 years, and was survived by a wife and seven children.

CHAPTER X.

EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. (CONTINUED.)

ESTEVAN OCHOA-EXPULSION FROM TUCSON BY CONFEDERATES RETURN TO TUCSON-MEMBER OF FIRM OF TULLY AND OCHOADRAUGHT OXEN RUN OFF BY INDIANS"JERKED BEEF BUTTE"-MAYOR OF TUCSON -SERVED IN TERRITORIAL LEGISLATUREJOHN F. STONE-GIVES NAME TO STONE AVENUE, TUCSON - SYLVESTER MOWRY — WEST POINTER RESIGNS COMMISSION IN ARMY TO TAKE UP MINING IN ARIZONABECOMES OWNER OF PATAGONIA MINEMINE CONFISCATED BY GENERAL CARLETON AND MOWRY ARRESTED-MOWRY AS A WRITER -HIS VIEWS ON INDIANS TWICE ELECTED DELEGATE TO CONGRESS BEFORE ORGANIZATION OF TERRITORY-DEATH IN ENGLAND— SAMUEL HUGHES-CAME TO ARIZONA SICKORGANIZED FIRST BANK IN TUCSON-ONE OF ORGANIZERS OF ARIZONA PIONEER'S SOCIETY -HENRY WICKENBURG-DISCOVERS VULTURE MINE-TOWN OF WICKENBURG NAMED AFTER HIM-MEMBER OF SEVENTH TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE-KING S. WOOLSEY— FIRST OCCUPATION IN TERRITORY MULE DRIVER-BECOMES RANCHER-SUSPECTED OF BEING SECESSIONIST-FIGHTS WITH INDIANS -HANGING OF DEAD CHIEF - MEMBER OF WALKER PARTY-ONE OF DISCOVERERS OF LYNX CREEK-OPENED FIRST ROAD INTO NORTHERN ARIZONA-THE "PINOLE TREATY"

"WHEAT FIELDS"- WOOLSEY'S EXPERIENCE WITH A "BAD MAN"-SERVED IN LEGISLATURE OF ARIZONA-DEFEATED FOR DELEGATE TO CONGRESS LIEUTENANT-COLONEL OF VOLUNTEERS AND AIDE ON STAFFS OF GovERNOR GOODWIN AND GOVERNOR SAFFORD— ONE OF FOUNDERS OF PHOENIX FLOUR MILLS. Estevan Ochoa was a New Mexican by birth. In his early youth he went to Kansas City, where he obtained employment and acquired a fair knowledge of the English language. He started in business on his own account at Mesilla, New Mexico. He made a success of the enterprise, and thereafter started a number of branch stores in both New Mexico and Arizona. The firm of Tully & Ochoa, of which he was a member, was one of the largest mercantile establishments in Tucson. In Bourke's "On the Border with Crook" is an account of his visit to Tucson, in which he has this to say of Estevan Ochoa:

"This rather undersized gentleman coming down the street is a man with a history-perhaps it might be perfectly correct to say with two or three histories. He is Don Estevan Ochoa, one of the most enterprising merchants, as he is admitted to be one of the coolest and bravest men, in all the Southwestern country. He has a handsome face, a keen black eye, a quick, business-like air, with very polished and courteous

manners.

"During the war, the Southern leaders thought they would establish a chain of posts across the continent from Texas to California, and one of their first movements was to send a brigade of Texans to occupy Tucson. The com