of Nicaragua, has the honor of communicating to his Excellency the Secretary of State of the United States, that on the 15th of last month the authority of the Republic of Nicaragua was assumed by General Martinez, elected to the presidency by an immense majority of votes, and that one of the first acts of the new head of that Republic was to confirm the appointment made in the person of the undersigned by former national governments as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Government of the United States.

"The undersigned deems it also to be his duty to inform his Excellency the Secretary of State, that the Constituent Assembly of Nicaragua has approved and confirmed the contract made by the undersigned with the American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, the only one vested with the privilege of carrying across the Isthmus-as the only one, also, which, for the present and so long as the Government will not have otherwise disposed-has the right to carry emigrants to that country, under such conditions as have been imposed on said Company. All other emigrants or colonizers, whatsoever, that may be conveyed to that country will be refused admission, and compelled to depart from the territory of the Republic; or they will be dealt with as enemies of the Republic should they appear there in the character borne by those lately introduced by the incorrigible adventurer William Walker.

SENOR YRISARRI LIKES THE AMERICAN EAGLE.

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"The undersigned, in the name of the three governments which he represents, returns thanks to the Government of the United States for having taken away the adventurer William Walker and his invading band from the point of which they had taken possession on the coast of Nicaragua; thus freeing those friendly countries from the evils with which they would have been visited had these disturbers of the peace of nations been allowed the possibility of increasing their forces by new recruits. Those who, in the service which the Government of the United States has rendered to its friend, the Republic of Nicaragua, would seek for a warrant to say that the Nicaraguan territory has been violated, will hardly find it, from the moment that the world will have learned that the Government of Nicaragua, far from complaining of a violation of her territory, looks upou that act as an assistance, directed in behalf of its inviolability, which was wounded, in effect, by certain adventurers from the United States; and that it considers such assistance extended by this Government, as a consequence of the measures which, by his note of the 14th of September last, the undersigned had asked this Government to adopt, giving orders to the navy of the United States to capture the violators of the laws of neutrality.

"The point from which Commodore Paulding forced away those bandits, the violators of the laws of all nations, and, as such, justly assimilated, by the law of nations, to pirates and

foes of mankind, is an almost desert one, on which there exists no Nicaraguan authorities that could have managed the apprehension of those felons. Nicaragua, therefore, considers that the proceedings of Commodore Paulding against Walker and his horde were entirely justifiable; for, as a manof-war of any nation may take up pirates from a desert island, or one so thinly peopled that they can assert their dominion over it, although that island might belong to another sovereign nation, just so can bandits be apprehended, as enemies of the human race, by the armed vessels of a friendly nation, on a point of a foreign coast, which may be placed under circumstances like to those of the island mentioned by way of illustration.

"

Considering it highly important that the tenor of this note-especially the portion touching emigration to Nicaragua-should be made public, the undersigned would enter tain the hope that the Secretary of State will find no objection to have its contents published.

"The undersigned, with highest consideration, has the honor of tendering to the Secretary of State the renewed assurance that he is his respectful servant."

CHAPTER XXIV.

LANDING OF COLUMBUS ON THE MOSQUITO SHORE-ARE THE MOSQUITOES AN INDEPENDENT NATION?-WHAT VISCOUNT PALMERSTON SAYS ABOUT IT-THE CLAYTON AND BULWER TREATY-CONFLICTING VIEWS AS TO ITS CONSTRUCTION -THE ENGLIsh charge d'AFFAIRES TO THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA— A RUNNING FIRE OF GASCONADE-THE SAME OFFICIAL ON BOUNDARY LINESWHAT BONNYCASTLE SAYS-TREATIES OF PEACE, BOUNDARIES AND COMMERCE BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN-WHAT AN OLD ENGLISH AUTHOR SAYS-MOTION TO CENSURE IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS-REFUSAL-THE SAMBOES-PROBABLE ORIGIN OF THE MOSQUITO NAME THE MOSQUITO SHORE COMPLETELY EVACUATED-THE SAMBOES IN A REAL ESTATE OPERATION-THE DOG IN THE MANGER-REVOLTED NEGROES FROM ST. DOMINGO-THE PRODUCTIONS OF THE MOSQUITOES-BELIZE-ITS ARMORIAL BEARINGS-SURPLICE FEES.

COLUMBUS landed upon the Mosquito Coast, on Sunday, August the fourteenth, A. D. 1502, and is said to have taken formal possession of the country. A gun bearing his name, has been found imbedded in the sand, about twelve miles north of Greytown. This territory, held by the Republic of Nicar

agua, to be but the Atlantic margin of her domain, and as strongly controverted by Great Britain, has a present historic importance, as to whether the Moscos or Mosquitoes, in fact, be an independent, sovereign nation. Whether they ever have been, is a mooted question, and hence we approach the subject, aware of the importance of our position, nor shall we exceed the bounds of evidence in endeavoring to illustrate our pages.

A previous chapter on this subject, was general in its tone. We shall particularize now, and uphold the views of the United States. When the question was broached, the subjoined was presented to Mr. Lawrence, in which, as to whether the Protectorate is of modern data or not, as claimed by Great Britain, is set forth. It is dated, Foreign Office, Jan. 5, 1850, and is as follows:

"Viscount Palmerston presents his compliments to Mr. Lawrence, and begs to communicate to him, for his perusal, a translation in Spanish of a letter from Mr. Chatfield, her Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires in Guatemala, addressed to the Government of Nicaragua, on the 5th of September last, containing a statement of facts, showing the nature of the connection which has existed since the middle of the Seventeenth century, between Great Britain and the Mosquito nation."— (Senate, Doc. 27, p. 50.)

We must not overlook the fact, that the "Clayton and Bulwer Treaty" was concluded between the United States and