of producing malt liquors in Europe.

A primitive method of malting rice has been known in Asia for many years, but the arrack produced is a fiery liquor, and the so-called rice beer did not find favor except with the natives. The inventor claims that in the old process, only about 40 per cent. of the rice germinated, an equal amount failed to germinate, while 20 per cent. decayed, tainting the fermented portion, resulting in an unwholesome product. The new process is described to me as follows:

"The unshelled rice, which first of all may be subjected to a preparatory treatment of washing, sorting and cleaning, is put into water-tight vats, provided with a false, perforated bottom, and with inlet and outlet for water.

"The rice should be in a layer about six inches thick, covered with water of ordinary temperature to the depth of an inch or So. The rice should be well stirred-all husks and light grain being removed-and whatever floats on top of the water should be drawn off.

"Then a second supply of water, of a temperature of 35° to 38° C., is turned on, and the grain should steep in this for some time, the temperature being kept up. This may be done by arranging a steam pipe below the false, perforated bottom, or flues for hot gases may be constructed under the reservoir. By suitable cocks in the piping or dampers in the flues, the temperature of the water may be controlled.

"When fresh rice is used, this soaking process should last from twenty-four to thirty hours; for old rice, however, fortyeight to fifty-four hours are necessary, the temperature being maintained at 35° C. The steeping should be arranged so that the necessary period should elapse in the evening, when the water is drawn off and the rice allowed to remain without water that night. By keeping the water outlet pipes below the false bottom open, the air is allowed to pass freely through the layer of rice, or it may be pumped through, so that the grain will have ample facility to absorb the oxygen necessary for the process of germination.

"Next morning, a fresh supply of water of 35° to 38° C. is turned on, covering the rice for about three inches, and kept on for twelve hours, when it is again let off, and the rice remains without it for the night. This alternate treatment of the grain-viz.,

in water during the day, and without water with free access to the air during the night is continued for five or six days. "It is of advantage, also, to keep the temperature of the malting house at 30° C.

"This alternating treatment and the maintenance of the necessary temperature are the main conditions for successful and satisfactory malting.

"The periodical drawing off of the water may be dispensed with by pumping air through the rice layer. This method, however, has not been found to yield as good results as that above described.

"At the end of the five or six days' treatment, nearly every grain of rice will be found to have germinated, and the sprouts will have grown about twice as long as the rice grains.

"After germination has proceeded sufficiently for the development of the diastase, the grain should be carefully shoveled together so as to make a layer of twelve inches, to gain warmth for the final development. No water is put on, and in the evening the heap is opened out and reduced again to a layer of six inches, or even less, to prevent overheating. On the following morning the malt will be found ready, and can then be dried in the usual way, or used at once as "green" malt for the manufacture of beer, spirit, or glucose."

This invention may not be valuable in the United States and Canada, where the production of barley is large and the cost comparatively low; but in Europe and Great Britain it seems likely to cheapen the cost of producing malt liquors, which are consumed in such large quantities. SOURCE.

CHAS. L. COLE,

U. S. Consul-General, in Dresden.

MESSAGE TO CONGRESS, PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S.-The First Message of President Theodore Roosevelt to Congress was dated Dec. 3, 1901, at the White House, and formed a document of considerable length and great importance, which may be condensed and in part quoted as follows:

THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT McKINLEY throws a deep shadow upon this assembling of Congress. He was the third of the last seven elected Presidents that have been murdered, and he suffered under peculiarly sinister circumstances at hands of an anarchist meeting him under friendly guise. President McKinley was at the time of this assassination the most

widely loved man in the United States, distinguished alike for public integrity and for private virtues. The blow was not struck at wealth or tyranny, for President McKinley possessed only moderate means and was ever most anxious to represent the views of the people. He died, as he had lived, with love for his friends, and trust in the Most High; and he has left us a legacy of splendid achievement. As for his murderer, he was a malefactor, and in no sense a "product of social conditions," save as a highwayman is "produced" by the fact that an unarmed man happens to have a purse. No man preaching anarchistic doctrines should

THE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE IN THE WHITE HOUSE.

be allowed at large; and anarchistic speeches, writings and meetings are essentially seditious and treasonable. "I earnestly recommend to the Congress that in the exercise of its wise discretion it should take into consideration the coming to this country of anarchists or persons professing principles hostile to all government and justifying the murder of those placed in authority."

TRUSTS.-The rise of great industrial centers in the modern city has involved a startling increase not only in the aggregate of wealth, but in the number of very large fortunes, both individual and corporate. This change has aroused much opposition,

The

a great part of which is unwarrantable. It is not true that as the rich have grown richer the poor have grown poorer. captains of industry have on the whole done great good to our people. Great caution is needed in dealing with such business concerns, for they lead in the strife for commercial supremacy with other peoples of the world. America has just begun to assume a commanding place in this strife, and would be easily cramped in it. But while all this is true, they also show grave evils, and chief among them overcapitalization. There is widespread conviction that the great corporations known as trusts have certain features harmful to the public welfare. "It is based upon sincere conviction that combinations and concentration should be not prohibited, but supervised and within reasonable limits controlled; and in my judgment this conviction is right. It is no limitation upon property rights or freedom of contract to require that when men receive from the government the privilege of doing business under corporate form, which frees them from individual responsibility and enables them to call into their enterprises the capital of the public, they shall do so upon absolutely truthful representations as to the value of the property in which the capital is to be invested . . . The first essential in determining how to deal with the great industrial combinations is knowledge of the facts-publicity." Trusts, though organized in one State, always do business in many States, and often very little in the State where they are incorporated. Yet there is utter lack of uniformity in the laws about trusts in these States; and, since no State has exclusive interest in or power over them, it has proved impossible to secure adequate regulation through State action. There would be no hardship in such supervision of trusts. Banks are already subject to it.

PROTECTION FOR LABOR.-To this end there should be created a cabinet officer to be known as Secretary of Commerce and Industries, as provided in the bill introduced at the last session of the Congress. The welfare of the wage-earner ranks in prime importance to the whole nation with that of the farmer. If those two are well off, all others will be well off, too. It is therefore matter for congratulation that, on the whole, wages are higher to-day in the United States than ever before in our history, and far higher than in any other coun

try. The standard of living also is higher than ever before. Every effort should be made to secure and even improve this condition; and, to this end, labor must be protected not only by the tariff, but from the immigration of laborers, both those brought by contract, and those who, though free, conform to so low a standard of living that they can underbid our men. Certainly the Chinese exclusion law should be reënacted. So, too, federal legislation, in connection with the interstate commerce law, should render effective the efforts of various States to remove the competition of convict contract labor with free labor. Very great good has been and will be accomplished by labor unions, when combining insistence upon rights with respect for the rights of others.

IMMIGRATION should be limited by:

I. A moral test, to exclude not only anarchists but all persons of an unsavory reputation.

2. An educational test, to admit only those who can appreciate American institutions.

3. An economic test, to admit only those with personal capacity to earn an American living, and with enough money to insure a decent start. "This would stop the influx of cheap labor and the resulting competition which gives rise to so much bitterness in American industrial life, and it would dry up the springs of the pestilential social conditions in our great cities, where anarchistic organizations have their greatest possibility of growth."

THE TARIFF as at present constituted receives general approval, and its stability is doubtless a first requisite to our continued prosperity. Yet a system of reciprocal benefit with other nations is needed as an incident and result of this very tariff. Each individual case must be decided by itself, always in accord with "the cardinal fact that duties must never be reduced below the point that will cover the difference between the labor cost here and abroad. Our customers must, of course, in the long run, purchase our products by giving us something in return.”

OUR MERCHANT MARINE should be so promoted by government action as to meet the inequalities under which it now labors from foreign competition. This would not only build up our shipping interests, but would enlarge our foreign markets, and provide an auxiliary force for the navy.

IN CURRENCY matters, there seems to be need of better safeguards against commercial crises and financial panics than is now possible under the national banking law.

THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT of 1887 required that railway rates should be just and reasonable, and that all shippers, localities and commodities should be given equal treatment. Subsequent experience has shown "possibly that some of its requirements are wrong, and certainly that the means devised for the enforcement of its provisions are defective." The act should be amended.

THE FORESTRY RESERVES of the nation have so demonstrated their usefulness to the mining, grazing, irrigation and other interests of the regions in which they lie, that the people of the West are demanding their extension. The protection of these forests now distributed among three government offices should be unified in the bureau of forestry. All the reserves should be better protected from fire; and some at least of them should afford perpetual protection to the native fauna and flora. These forests are moreover natural reservoirs ; though they need supplementation by artificial ones, to save flood waters and release them in dry seasons. The construction of such reservoirs is an enterprise too vast for private effort. Even single States cannot best achieve the ends needed, since farreaching interstate problems are often involved. Furthermore, such reservoirs would make vast areas of arid public lands suitable for homestead settlement, which would in part repay the cost of construction. About two million dollars of private capital has already been expended in such works; but with few exceptions the arid States have failed to provide for the just division of streams in times of scarcity. Many streams have passed into private ownership or control. Other western States have recognized this danger, and have incorporated in their constitutions the doctrine of perpetual State ownership of water. Our aim should be to create for this new industry the best social and industrial conditions; and to secure that end we must study irrigation laws both. at home and abroad.

IN HAWAII we must promote the rise of a normal American community of men who themselves own the soil they till.

PORTO RICO is thriving so well as to need special reference hardly more than any State on our continent.

CUBA has a first claim upon any reciprocity measures that may be enacted.

THE FILIPINOS must be trained for selfgovernment, as no tropical people has ever yet been trained even by the best foreign governments. Already we have gone to the verge of safety in this direction. What the Philippines now most need is industrial development; and to this end Congress should pass laws so that franchises for limited terms of years may be granted to investors, though precaution should be taken against improper exploitation. A cable to Hawaii and the Philippines and thence to Asiatic points is needed in the interests alike of commercial, political and military affairs.

step, and a long step, toward assuring the universal peace of the world by securing the possibility of permanent peace on this hemisphere.' The doctrine has no concern with the commercial relations of any American Power. Our attitude to Cuba is sufficient evidence of our own freedom from desire to secure territory at the expense of our neighbors.

OUR NAVY we must continue steadily to upbuild, in the interests alike of our welfare, honor and future peace, that peace which comes as of right to the just man armed. The ships must be built and the men trained long years before war breaks out. It was forethought and preparation which secured.

THE ISTHMIAN CANAL surpasses in importance to us any other single material work which remains to be undertaken upon this continent. The recently concluded Hay-Pauncefote treaty provides that the United States alone shall build the canal, shall safeguard it, and shall regulate its neutral use by all nations.

"THE MONROE DOCTRINE should be the cardinal feature of the foreign policy of all the nations of the two Americas, as it is of the United States. . . . It is in no wise intended as hostile to any nation in the old world. Still less is it intended to give cover to any aggression by one new world-power at the expense of any other. It is simply a

us the triumph over Spain in 1898, and the same measures are as requisite now as then. There should be no cessation in the work of completing our navy, nor in the provision of the officers and men needed for it. And both ships and men must be kept in constant service. Gunnery practice, in particular, must be unceasing. This efficiency is more important, even, than an adequate number of ships. These latter should be assembled in squadrons actively cruising away from harbors and never long at anchor.

THE ARMY needs no increase in size, but simply preservation at the point of highest efficiency. efficiency. The soldier now most valuable