[3] ID.-ADVICE OF COUNSEL-PROSECUTION IN GOOD FAITH-PROBABLE CAUSE. Where one, before instituting such a prosecution, has, in good faith, consulted an attorney at law in good standing, particularly if such attorney be one charged with the prosecution of public offenses, and has stated to him all the facts in the case, and has been thereupon advised by such attorney that a prosecution will lie, and such person has acted honestly on that advice, this, of itself, constitutes probable cause.

[4] ID.-ISSUANCE OF CIRCULAR BY PLAINTIFF-PROBABLE CAUSE.-In this action for malicious prosecution, the evidence of the defendant, consisting in part of a statement in the Bohemian language published and circulated by plaintiff in which he charged, among other things, that defendant did not speak the truth, was of itself sufficient to constitute probable cause for the prosecution. APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Charles Monroe, Judge. Affirmed.

The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.

A. R. Holston and S. C. Schaefer for Appellant.

Charles Bowman and Hudson P. Hibbard for Respondent.

WASTE, P. J.-This is an action against defendant for a malicious prosecution, for causing the arrest of the plaintiff upon a criminal charge. At the conclusion of all the testimony in the case, the court, without hearing argument on the evidence, and of its own motion, instructed the jury to return a verdict for the defendant, which the jury did. Judgment was entered in favor of the defendant, and plaintiff appeals. The action of the court in instructing the jury to return a verdict for the defendant is the only error of which the appellant complains.

Plaintiff published and circulated a statement in the Bohemian language, in which he charged, among other things, that defendant did not speak the truth. The defendant thereupon made complaint before the clerk of the police court of the city of Los Angeles, charging plaintiff with having

3. Probable cause as defense in action for malicious prosecution, note, 26 Am. St. Rep. 138.

Advice of counsel as defense to action for malicions proseeption, notes, 1 Ann. Cas. 932; 11 Ann. Cas. 954; Ann. Cas. 19125, 42. L. R. A. (N. S.) 49; 39 L. R. A. (N. S.) 207.

committed the crime of criminal libel. Plaintiff was arrested and imprisoned for a space of several hours, finally obtaining his release upon giving bail. After due trial in the police court of the city of Los Angeles, before a jury, plaintiff was acquitted of the charge and was not further prosecuted.

It appears without contradiction, from the record, that before defendant caused the arrest of plaintiff he consulted a regularly admitted and practicing attorney at law, in good standing. To him defendant made a full, fair, and complete statement of all the facts within his knowledge, in relation to the alleged libel. On the advice of counsel, he further consulted the deputy city prosecutor of the city of Los Angeles, who was intrusted with such matters, and to whom defendant again made a full, fair, and complete statement of all the facts relating to the matter, and submitted the objectionable publication. Defendant was advised by the attorney at law and by the deputy city prosecutor, and by each of them, that an offense had been committed, and that there was probable cause to believe the plaintiff guilty of the offense, whereupon defendant, acting in entire good faith, believing such advice to be true, appeared before the clerk of the police court, and made the complaint which led to the arrest and trial of plaintiff. In addition to these facts it also appears that before seeking the advice of the attorney and of the deputy city prosecutor defendant believed that the plaintiff had committed and was guilty of the crime of criminal libel.

The trial court was, therefore, justified in directing the jury to return the verdict in favor of the defendant. There was no want of probable cause shown for the arrest of plaintiff. [1] No principle is better established than that in actions for malicious prosecution the plaintiff must, in order to recover, establish, not only malice, but want of probable. cause. These two elements are essential, and they must concur, or the action will not lie. (Potter v. Seale, 8 Cal. 224; Smith v. Liverpool etc. Ins. Co., 107 Cal. 432-436, [40 Pac. 5401.) One of the elements essential to maintain the action not being present, plaintiff had not made out his case.

[2] Where there is no conflict in the testimony, the question whether or not the evidence introduced shows a want of probable cause is for the court to decide. It is error in such cases, where there is no proof of want of probable cause, to

submit any question to the jury. (Davis v. Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., 127 Cal. 312, 319, [57 Pac. 764, 59 Pac. 698].)

[3] Defendant was entitled to the benefit of the rule announced in the foregoing cases that where one, before instituting such a prosecution, has, in good faith, consulted an attorney at law in good standing, particularly if such attorney be one charged with the prosecution of public offenses, and has stated to him all the facts in the case, and has been thereupon advised by such attorney that a prosecution will lie, and such person has acted honestly on that advice, this, of itself, constitutes probable cause. (Johnson v. Southern Pacific Co., 157 Cal. 333, 338, [107 Pac. 611].)

[4] Furthermore, the evidence in the case, consisting in part of the circular containing the alleged libelous matter, was of itself sufficient to constitute probable cause for the prosecution.

The judgment is affirmed.

Richards, J., and Bardin, J., pro tem., concurred.

MEMORANDUM CASE.

[Civ. No. 2356. Second Appellate District, Division One.-July 29, 1919.]

EDGAR F. SAYLOR, Respondent, v. A. V. TAYLOR, Appellant.

[1] NEGLIGENCE-AUTOMOBILE COLLISION-PLEADING-EVIDENCE-DAMAGES. The judgment is affirmed on the authority of Saylor v. Taylor, ante, p. 474.

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Kings County. M. L. Short, Judge. Affirmed.

The record and points made for reversal are the same as in Saylor v. Taylor, ante, p. 474, [183 Pac. 843].

H. Scott Jacobs for Appellant.

R. Justin Miller for Respondent.

THE COURT.—This is an appeal from a judgment entered on the verdict of a jury, wherein the plaintiff recovered damages for injuries and loss occasioned by defendant's negligent driving and management of an automobile, whereby said automobile was caused to collide with an automobile of the plaintiff.

[1] This case was tried with the action of Ruth Saylor, a minor, against A. V. Taylor, (ante, p. 474, [183 Pac. 843]), wherein the minor sued for damages for personal injuries received by her in the same collision. All of the points relied upon by counsel for appellant in support of the appeal herein are included among those presented and considered in the appeal in said case. The arguments made in support of the points presented in this case are identical with the arguments made upon the same proposition in the other case. The judgment in that case having been affirmed, this appeal should take the same course.

The judgment is affirmed.