AN ESSAY, ETC.

ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS.

SECTION I.

THE COMPARATIVE ANTIQUITY OF THE FOUNDATION OF CHURCHES AND

CHAPELS IN WALES, ASCERTAINED FROM THE NATURE

Vested rights of Churches respected by the Welsh Princes 16

Parochial Chapels, and Chapels of Ease

Cells, Oratories, and Hermitages

Use of the words "Llan, Capel, and Bettws"

The establishment of parishes gradual

Parent Churches not converted into Chapels

18

19

Effects of the Law of Gavelkind

Subordination of Churches and Chapels proved from the

Charters of Monasteries

SECTION II.

24

THE SUBORDINATION OF CHURCHES AND CHAPELS CONSIDERED WITH

REFERENCE TO THE SAINTS TO WHOM THEy are dedicated.

Churches dedicated to St. Mary

Their late origin proved from their situations historically

considered

And from Domesday Book

Churches dedicated to St. Michael

More ancient than those dedicated to St. Mary; but

Not so ancient as those ascribed to Welsh Saints

Churches ascribed or dedicated to St. David

Their antiquity

27

32

35

36

40

42

43

45

Testimony of Gwynfardd Brycheiniog about A. D. 1200 48

Amended list of Churches of St. David, of which the

52

Parent Churches were probably founded by him, but the 54

Chapels and Subordinate Churches were erected after his

decease

Their situations not arbitrarily chosen

55

56

SECTION III.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE WELSH SAINTS AS DISTINGUISHED FROM

THOSE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Dedication to Saints, not the practice of the ancient Britons 57

Separation of the Britons from the Church of Rome

Architecture of the British Churches

58

59

Mode of Consecration practised by the Primitive Christ-

60

ians of Scotland

The same mode used apparently by the Primitive

Christians of Wales; its effects

Invocation of Angels

The homage paid to St. Mary, of late introduction

61

61

62

The Welsh Saints, the Founders of most Churches which

bear their names

The Welsh brought into communion with the Church of

Rome in the Eighth Century

Romish Computation of Easter introduced by Elbodius,

Archbishop of Bangor

66

First notice of a Church dedicated to St. Michael, A. D. 717 67

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY TO THE

END OF THE SECOND CENTURY.

Account of the Introduction of Christianity into Britain

Companions and Descendants of Bran

Lleurwg or Lucius

His History uncertain

Dyfan, Ffagan, Medwy, and Elfan

Lucius possibly the founder of a Church at Llandaff, said

to have been the first in Britain

Memorials of his Contemporaries

SECTION V.

81

82

83

84

8865

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EARLY WELSH Pedigrees, wITH A VIEW TO

ASCERTAIN THE PERIOD ABOUT WHICH THE COMMENCEMENT

OF THEIR AUTHENTICITY MAY BE DATED.

Deficiency of Welsh tradition from Lucius to Maximus

Mistakes, in the presumed Lineage of Bran ab Llyr,

92

92

explained

93

Age of Cadfrawd, Coel Godebog, and Cynan Meiriadog

The Authenticity of Welsh Pedigrees commences in the

94

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM A. D. 300 TO A. D. 400.

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM A. D. 400 TO A. D. 433.

Emancipation of Britain from the Romans A.D, 408 or 409 106

Owain ab Macsen Wledig, Chief Sovereign of the Britons 107

Morab Ceneu; Notice of his Churches by Llywarch Hen

117

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM A. D. 433 to a. D. 464.

His supposed residence at Menevia or St. David's

Second Visit of St. Germanus

He is hospitably received by Cadell Deyrnllug, and

Insulted by Vortigern.

Churches ascribed to him.

Gwrtheyrn or Vortigern

Cynllo

Gwrthefyr or Vortimer

Rencounter between St. Patrick and Ceredig ab Cunedda

Family of Brychan

Sons of Bry chan; St. Cynog, &c.

Daughters of Brychan

Legend of St. Keyna

Brynach Wyddel

SECTION IX.

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM THE ACCESSION OF VORTIMER A. D. 464 To

THE DEATH OF AMBROSIUS A. D. 500.

Descendants of Cadell Deyrnllug

161

Gynyr of Caer Gawch

162

.

Gistlianus, bishop of Menevia; Uncle of St. David

Gwynllyw Filwr, chieftain of Gwynllwg, Monmouthshire 170

Dyfrig or St. Dubricius

170

Archbishoprick of Caerleon

173

The dignity removed to Menevia, and afterwards to

Llandaff

Its power lost between contending parties

174

174

181

Use of the terms "Côr and Bangor"

The Members of the British Monasteries or Colleges

THE WELSH SAINTS FROM THE ACCESSION OF UTHER PENDRAGON A. D. 500

TO THE DEATH OF ARTHUR A. D. 542.

Synod at Llanddewi Brefi respecting the Pelagian Heresy 191

The Heresy refuted by St. David, who is elected Arch-

bishop of Caerleon

192