253 fending them back to their own country till the middle of March. LXVI. But the humanity of a civilized people to an enemy in diftrefs was ftill more fignally displayed in the attack upon Nova Colonia, the unfortunate iffue of which has been already related *. The English commodore's flip, the Clive, took fire in the very instant of victory. The fpectacle was dreadful beyond the power of description. All the fides of the ve were immediately crowded with naked men, who bu a few minutes before reckoned themselves almost in the affured poffeffion of wealth and conqueft, precipitating themselves into the fea, with the melancholy alternative of a death by fire, or water. Some clung to the yards and rigging, until the prevalency of the flames forcing them to loofe their holds, they tumbled into the deep. The fire of the Spaniards, which recommenced on this accident, redoubled their diftrefs; and many, who might have efcaped drowning, per fh.d by the hot. Several had loft their limbs in the engagement who lay bleeding and helple's on the deck, and, without the leaft power of fhifting their fituation, beheld the flames approach them. No affiftance could be given, all being occupied by their own diftrefs, and intent on their own prefervation. But what will reflect eternal honour on the Spanish garrifon, is, that the moment they were relieved from any farther dread of the affailants by this terrible catastrophe, and the retreat of the other hips, they immediately turned their thoughts to the affistance of fuch of the crew as had efcaped from the fire and got afhore. There thefe brave but unfortunate men were treated with a degree of tenderness which could not be exceeded, if the fame calamity had happened to them on the coaft of their own country, and amongst their dearest friends, and relations. Inftead of regarding them as perfons who came to plunder and deftroy their fettlements, the Spaniards confidered their misfortunes, not their enmity, and treated *See Page 197. Z VOL. I. them A. D. 1762, them rather as fons than captives. The English came to them naked: they clothed them all decently, and ufed them in every other inftance with equal indulgence and generofity. The war clofed with an action the fitteft in the world to infufe fentiments correfpondent to a ftate of peace and union between brave and generous nations, whofe undoubted interest it is to be always united. APPENDIX. APPENDIX TO VOL. I. I. Motives for inferting fome State-papers relative to the Peace. II. Copy of the Definitive Treaty. III. Separate Articles, refpecting the Titles made Ufe of by the contracting Powers. IV. Declaration of the French Minifter with Regard to the Debts due to the Canadians. V. The Englife Embajador's Declaration concerning the Limits of Bengal. VI. Accelion of his moft Faithful Majefty VII. The Portuguefe Embaffador's Declaration On the Complaifance of the English and French Courts, to facilitate the Conclufion of the Treaty. VIII. Preliminary Articles omitted in the Definitive Treaty. IX. Declaration figned at Fontainbleau by the French Plenipotentiary, refpecting the Arrears of Subfidies. X. Stipulations relative to Dunkirk, and the East Indies, as they flood in the Preliminaries. XI. Remarks on Mr. Pitt's Cenfure of the former Article, and on popular Prejudices, respecting the Demolition of the Works at Dunkirk. XII. Objection to the Article of Reftitutions in the Eaft Indies removed. XIII. Pitiful Evafions made Ufe of by the French Court to delay the Payment of the Canada Bills. XIV. Immediate Confequence of France and England's withdrawing themfelves from the German War. XV. Subftance of the Treaty of Peace between the Empress Queen and the King of Prufia. XVI. Effect of bis Prufian Majesty's fuppofed ill Humour with the British Miniftry. XVII. Seperate Act between him and the Empress Queen for exprefsly including their Allies in the treaty. XVIII. Spirit and peculiarities of fome Addreffes on the Peace. XIX. Obfervations on fuch as were prefented by different religi ous Bodies. XX. Addrefs of the Archbishop, Bishops, and Clergy of the Province of Canterbury. XXI. Addrefs of the proteftant diffenting Minifters. XXII. Addrefs of the Quakers. XXIII. The Duke of Newcastle mortified, and the Hopes of his Party difappointed, by the Univerfity of which he was Chancellor. XXIV. The Oxford Addrefs. XXV. The Cambridge Addrefs. XXVI, The Letter tranfmitted with the ufual Request to the Duke of of Newcastle. XXVII. Letter from his Grace to the Vice-bancellor. XXVIII. Similar Mortification of Mr. Pitt and his party, in confequence of the Step taken by the City which he reprefented. XXIX. Addrefs of the Corporation of Bath. XXX. Mr. Pitt's Letter to Mr. Allen upon this Occafion. XXXI. Mr. Allen's Anfwer. XXXII. A fecond Letter from Mr. Pitt on the fame Subject. XXXIII. Mr. Allen's Reply. XXXIV. The CommonCouncil of London prevented from addressing by the Intrigues of Faction, and the combined Intereft of a powerful Triumvirate. XXXV. Addrefs of the Court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen. XXXVI. Addrefs of the Merchants and Traders of the City of London. XXXVII. Inconfifteny and Ingratitude of the Weft India Merchants. XXXVIII. His Majesty's Answer to the Addrefs of the Court of Aldermen. XXXIX. His Anfwer to the Addrefs of the London Merchants. XL. Contest between Government and the Oppofition in Ireland. XLI. Addrefs of the Irish Parliament. XLII. His Majesty's Answer. XLIII. Some farther Proofs of the Expediency of the Peace. XLIV. Summary of the annual Supplies voted by Parliament during the continuance of the War. XLV. Amount of the Ways and Means refolved upon during the fame Period. XLVI. Statement of all the public Debts at the Termination of Hoftilities. XLVII. Eftimate of diminished Expenditure in Confequence of the Peace. I. THOUGH the sketch already given of the preliminary articles of the peace, and of the violent controveríy to which they gave rife, may ferve to point out the spirit and the general effect of that transaction yet, in order to fatisfy fuch readers as may wish for minuter information, it is thought neceffary to fubjoin copies of the treaty itself and of fome state papers immediately relating to it. The candid will decide upon its merits from the crifis at which it was made, and not from any events that have fince taken place. If nothing but the groffeft flattery could affert that it was free from defect, furely nothing but the utmost perverfeness could deny deny, that it was likely to be productive of many great and effential advantages to this kingdom. Were it even entitled to no other praise, it will remain as an everlafting monument of that equity and moderation, which form the moft lovely flowers in the wreath of conqueft, and excite emotions of gratitude, instead of sharpening the ftings of refentment, in an humbled enemy*. II. The Definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship, between his Britannic Majefty, the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain: concluded at Paris, the tenth of February 1763 to which the King of Portugal acceded the fame day. "In the name of the Moft Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghoft. So be it. "BE it known to all thofe to whom it shall, or may, in any manner, belong. "It has pleafed the Moft High to diffuse the spirit of union and concord among the princes, whofe divifions had spread troubles in the four parts of the world, and to infpire them with the inclination to caufe the comforts of peace to fucceed to the misfortunes of a long and bloody war, which having arifen between England and France during the reign of the moft ferene and moft potent prince, George the Second, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued *Exact in profperity," fays the Abbé Raynal, " fuch facrifices only as you yourself would fubfcribe to in adverfity.If you have been successful, confider that you may experience a reverfe of fortune.You may put on the crown of victory; but you fhould not trample your enemy under foot.-It is a great error in modern politics, that every ftate fhould endeavour to weaken its enemies as much as poffible. But no nation can feek the ruin of another state, without paving the way for, and haftening its own flavery. There are certainly moments in which fortune at once throws into the way of a people a great increase of power; but fuch fudden elevations are not lafting. It is fometimes better to fupport rivals, than to opprefs them. Sparta refufed to enflave Athens; and Rome repented of having destroyed Carthage." 7 3 under |