4. The New Haven Theocracy

-

More strict than Massachusetts - Eaton and Davenport - Settlement

on the Quinnipiac "Civil Government according to God"

Constitution Seven Pillars-Religious function of government-

Unity of Church and State-"Blue Laws"— Franchise - New

England Confederacy "Jurisdiction". Milford - Quakers —

Drastic laws against them-Discontent with limited franchise —

Union with Connecticut - Regicides - Davenport removes to Bos-

ton-Pierson founds Newark in New Jersey

-

Agreement" for government.

Religious establishment

-

- Support of

Quakers Union dis-

-

the Church-Union with Massachusetts -

solved, 1679-New Hampshire becomes a royal province - Fran-

chise given to "all Englishmen-Protestants" Church support

again - Governor Cranfield - Attempt to establish the Church of

England Persecution of Rev. Joshua Moody — Church a town

establishment - Not much legislation on religious matters - Method

of choosing ministers — Religious tests — Legislature considers pro-

priety of publishing a religious treatise

-

VI

CHANGING ESTABLISHMENTS

PAGE

280

Modifications during the colonial period of the relations between Church

and State

301

1. New York

The Dutch West India Company - Settlement on Manhattan

- Care

of religion Reformed Church established - Patroons - Quarrel

on appointment of minister - Company exercise authority over

churches and minister Megapolensis - Bogardus - Stuyvesant —

Toleration Ann Hutchinson Ministerial support Stuyvesant

dictates to ministers-Action against Lutherans - Baptism - Reli-

gious powers of a commercial company Jews

against "conventicles"

ment of Quakers-John Bowne - English conquest, 1664 - Return
of Dutch power in 1673-1674 - Evertsen and Colve- Their action
in religious affairs - Fall of Reformed Establishment - Dutch
privileges secured by treaty-The "Duke's Laws"- Freedom and
establishment - Proclamation of religious liberty by James II. —
Andros Right of presentation-Struggle with the Dutch Church
at Albany Ordination of Tesschenmacker-"Charter of Liber-

PAGE

-

-

ties"-Beginning of effort to establish the Church of England -

Dongan-Leisler - Romanists - Accession of William and Mary-

Royal instructions to governors concerning churches Oath of

supremacy - Fletcher's struggle with the legislature to obtain an

act establishing the Anglican Church-Act of 1693-Does not

establish the Church of England - Fletcher's anger. The act con-

strued by the legislature - Collegiate Reformed Church charter-

Incorporation refused to Lutherans and Presbyterians - Charter of

Trinity Church-Lord Cornbury - His attempt to induct a minister

in the Reformed Church at Kingston - Dictates to the Church of

Kinderhook-Denounces heresy-The Jamaica Church-Patronage

-Antonides and Freeman - Resistance of the former - Mackemie

- His trial-Governor Hunter-King's Farm Hunter's letters

- Quakers-Moravians - Act against them - Governor Clinton-

Waning power-The nondescript establishment - Its fall

-

2. Maryland

-

301

Calvert Maryland patent-Religious freedom- Power of proprietary
-Intent of charter and of Baltimore- Character of Baltimore

-

-

-

Objections to the charter. Settlement-Clayborne - First assem-
bly - Exclusion of clergy-"Body of Laws"- Church liberties—
Clergy subjected to civil law-Protestant majority - Bennett
Romanist officials - Discontent Act of Toleration - Non-Trinita-
rians excepted - Oath of fidelity Puritan ingratitude - English
commonwealth Cromwell rebukes the Puritans Quakers
Treachery of James II. - Writ against the charter-William III.
Puritan plot- Coode's assembly - Charter revoked by William
Church of England established-Proscription of Roman Catholics-
Non-conformity - Act of 1700-Commissary Bray - His troubles
The clergy-Induction by the governor-No effective discipline
- Restoration of Baltimore Offer of a suffragan Stipends

"Proclamation and Vestry Act"- Non-conformists - Quakers—

Romanists-Act of 1704-Not very effective .

3. New Jersey

-

-

-

Settlement of Newark — The proprietaries — The "Concessions"
Quaker purchase of West Jersey-"The Jerseys" -West Jersey
-Freedom of conscience - Civil rights - East Jersey-Limitations
-Political turmoil - Government of the Crown Romanists-
Queen Anne-Instructions to Cornbury - Assumption of ecclesi-
astical power
- Church of England never established in New Jersey
-Quaker party - Quakers in office Refuse to defend the colony
- Colonel Quary - Lewis Morris - Governor Hunter · Act for

-

relief of Quakers-The fiction of an establishment - Presbyterian

362

-

Society Charter granted

399

4. Georgia

--

PAGE

Oglethorpe - Charter-Religious freedom for all "except Papists'

No establishment - Care for religion - Charter voided in 1752

Province assumed by the Crown - Church of England established . 418

VII

THE FREE COLONIES

No State-Church at any time in fact or pretence - The Rhode Island

conception of liberty broader than that of Pennsylvania - In both

colonies the liberty of the individual complete .

-

1. Rhode Island

422

The fugitive Williams - Beginning - Letter to Mason-Providence

Plantation Design of foundation Williams's principle - His

character-Rhode Island Settlement. - Warwick charter - Code of

laws - Dangers - Entrance to Confederacy denied Hostility-

Effort for new charter- Charles II.—Charter of 1663 - The "lively

experiment"-Full liberty - Quakers - Pseudo-legislation against

Romanists-Disorders

2. Pennsylvania and Delaware

-

-

William Penn- Charter-Penn's "Address"- The "holy experi-

ment"— Frame of government — Religious restrictions — Faith in

Jesus Christ necessary to the franchise-Assembly of 1682-The

"Great Law" - Enfranchisement of Romanists-Soon cut off by

Test Oath of William - Penn in England - Legislature adopts the

test-Naturalization - Pennsylvania narrower than other colonies

-

-

No persecution

against Romanists

Delaware, a part of Pennsylvania, shared in her spirit and law-

instance of discrimination.

.

One

423

440

452

VIII

COLONIAL BISHOPS

The demand for an American Episcopate - Need of bishops -For dis-

cipline and ordination

Reformed Church dependent on Classis of

Amsterdam Differing relations to government Civil status of

the Church of England - Early demands for appointment of bishops

- Episcopal supervision - - Commissary - Clerical morals — Gov-

ernor Hart of Maryland - Dean Swift-Church rates - Letters

from the colonies-English sentiment-Johnson of Stratford

Dr. Mayhew against the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

Archbishop Secker's reply - Chandler's "Appeal" - Answer

by Dr. Chauncey - Newspapers - Reasons for opposition to bishops

- Ulterior designs-The weak point in the plea "Dissenters".

--

-

PAGE

454

Southern colonies - Sympathy with both parties - Strange indiffer-

ence of the authorities in England-Toryism - Prayers for the

king-English cupidity and jealousy - Mingling of the question

with that of political independence - Cessation of all opposition

after the Revolution.

IX

THE PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION

-

-

-

Ready for complete severance - Contrasts - Rhode Island Pennsyl-

vania - Massachusetts — Virginia — Jonathan Edwards - His influ-

ence and character The City of God - The Half-Way Covenant

The call of Grace - Overture of Colonial Congress to Quebec

Action of Virginia - Convention of 1776 - Bill of Rights-Legisla-

tion - Jefferson-Madison-Ministers' salaries - Disestablishment

-Effects Support of religion - Appeal to the people-Madison's

"Memorial and Remonstrance" "Declaratory Act" Slander

on Jefferson-Ordinance of 1787 - Action in New Hampshire - In

Massachusetts-In Connecticut and Rhode Island-In New York

— Romanists — New Jersey — Pennsylvania- Restrictions—Frank-

lin Delaware - Maryland — North Carolina-South Carolina —

Christianity established — Remarkable provisions for the purity of

religion Georgia - Insists on Protestantism- The Constitution of

the United States-Debates thereon in state conventions-The

first article of amendments

-

-

-

X

482

FINAL SETTLEMENTS

-

Limitations of the general government - Power of the separate states

on the question-Action of the states after the adoption of the

Federal Constitution - Virginia — The glebe lands- Connecticut

-Political aspect of the question - Disestablishment - Protracted

struggle in Massachusetts-Suits for recovery of tithes - Unita-

rianism - The Dedham case-Disestablishment — Pennsylvania —

Religious tests abolished - New Hampshire-"Protestant Chris-

tians"-Delaware - South Carolina - Vermont

State constitutions compared - Exceptions-Results - Not toleration,
but equality Mutual relations of Church and State - Objections-
Incomplete - Unchristian - Exemption of churches from taxation
-Religion is in life, not profession - Fullest liberty demanded by
pure religion Distinction between national and individual duties
-A religious nation becomes such not through law, but the reli-
gious character of citizens Christ's kingdom not of this world-
His precepts make the broad foundation for Religious Liberty

-

-

517

AUTHORITIES

BANCROFT. History of the United States, 23d (8 vol.) edition, Boston, 1864. MCMASTER. History of the People of the United States.

SCHOULER. History of the United States.

VON HOLST. Constitutional and Political History of the United States. FELT. Ecclesiastical History of New England.

Lieber. Civil Liberty and Self-government.

PAINE. Rights of Man.

PRICE.

Observations on the American Revolution.

WILLIAMS.

66

E. G. SCOTT.

L. W. BACON.

The Bloody Tenent of Persecution.
Letters.

Constitutional Liberties.

American Christianity.

STORY. Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States.

KENT.

Commentaries on American Law.

American Commonwealth.

Holy Roman Empire.

RAWLE. View of the Constitution of the United States.

COOLEY.

Constitutional Limitations.

ELLIOT. State and Church.

FOWLER. Life of John Locke.

MORLEY. Life of Burke.

SCHAFF.

Religious Liberty. (Article in Pub. of Am. Hist. Assoc., 18861887.)

ANDERSON. History of the Colonial Church.