The American Constitution

action adopted American applied appointed Article authority bill bill of attainder certiorari Chicago Chief Justice citizens civil rights clause commerce clause committee Communist Party Congress congressional Constitution constitutionality conviction counsel Court held Court majority crime criminal decision declared denied dissenting district doctrine Douglas due process due process clause effect election electoral enforce equal protection equal protection clause established executive exercise federal courts Fifth Amendment five to four Fourteenth Amendment freedom grant ground habeas corpus Harlan House immunity interest interstate commerce involved issue judge judicial review jurisdiction jury Justice Black legislative legislature libel liberty limited Marshall ment Negro obscenity opinion persons picketing police political principle prior restraint problem prohibition prosecution punishment question ratification refused regulation religious rule schools secure Senate Smith Act speech statute Supreme Court tion treaty trial unconstitutional United upheld violation vote York