ous documents-for books they cannot be called-were translated by a French priest, and it is with the help of these translations that the writer has prepared some very instructive pages. According to the Chinaman, everything must be done to avoid an actual declaration of war. "Try and attain victory without having fought a battle," observed the wise Sun-Tze, who was, by the way, a contemporary of Homer. Even in those days the Chinese seem to have had a great belief in scouting, and also in having a regular army of spies. Indeed, it is quite curious to note how the present Chinese Government has followed in its main outlines Sun-Tze's theories regarding how a campaign should be carried on, or, rather, should be initiated. Once matters really come to fighting, the Eastern Wellington has very definite views as to the value of a few disciplined men over a large army. "A small determined army is, under a good general, invincible. Do not seek to gather together too large a force; numbers are more often useless than useful."

OTHER ARTICLES.

Next year will see the publication of a great number of what may be called centennial articles. M. Dubor begins early with an interesting account of Paris in 1800. He gives a rapid sketch of the society of that day, of the costumes worn, and of the amusements and interests of the men and women who had just witnessed the awful upheaval of the French Revolution.

Other articles consist of a short account of the quincentenary of the Cracow University, a review of the state of things produced in Italy by the assassination of King Humbert, and an account of the close friendship which bound the historian Michelet to Quinet.

Τ

REVUE DE PARIS.

HE August numbers of the Revue de Paris, which seems to have taken a new lease of vigorous life, fully maintain the standard for excellence which we have had occasion to notice now for some months past.

THE COMMERCIAL STRENGTH OF GERMANY.

M. de Rousiers begins a series of papers on the economic and social causes of the commercial power of Germany. Of the growth of German commerce there can be no doubt, and the nerve-center of that growth is Hamburg. There may be seen the tangible results of the scientific cultivation of Saxony and Silesia, the spirit distilled in Pomerania and Brandenburg, the machines, the glass, the chemical products-coal, salt, and so onall, or almost all, drawn by German enterprise and intelligence out of German soil. But M. de Rousiers justly says that it is not enough to estimate and handle these products; it is also necessary to acquaint ourselves with the men to whose efforts they are due. The industrial and commercial movement of Germany is largely due to the Teutonic knack of organization. The employers on the one side and the workmen on the other feel more and more the need for abandoning their isolation and for uniting their efforts for the common good. This tendency has been aided by circumstances, and also, one may add, by the industry and economy of past generations. Thus, the enormous sugar industry of Germany is directly due to the system of combination by which proprietors, little and big alike, join together to secure the common end.

Without this combination of capital, it would be practically impossible to cultivate the beet root on anything like a profitable scale; for the root requires an extremely fertile soil, and consequently the same field cannot be made to yield beet root for more than four years running. Each refinery, therefore, though using up only 2,900 hectares of beet root, requires altogether an available area of 8,000 hectares. So, too, with the coöperative dairies, which are very flourishing in Germany. Of course it is not all plain sailing, and M. de Rousiers points not obscurely to the difficulties caused by the inclusion of small landed proprietors in the associations; these people are somewhat narrow-minded, and can with difficulty be brought to see the advantages of combination with the sugar refineries.

MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION.

M. Tannery contributes an important paper on mathematics in secondary education, in which he complains that in France the sciences do not penetrate the system of secondary education, but are added to it like excrescences. The method of teaching them corresponds to no practical need and serves as no preparation for a career, but rather for examinations which must be passed in order to enter certain professions. M. Tannery declares that there are certain portions of mathematical science that take the place in the French democracy of those old heraldic quarterings of nobility the possession of which in former days was really the sole qualification for state service. He does not suggest any palliatives-which, he considers, is the business of specialists; but he asserts that the evil is due to a false conception, not only of secondary education itself, but of the part which the sciences ought to play in it. Secondary education ought to form young people for the work which is to occupy their life, and that work in the majority of cases will consist in directing, more or less immediately, the physical labor of other men. This power of direction can only be derived from science; whereas, M. Tannery complains, the whole tendency of teaching is towards the enjoyment and production of literary work. It must not be supposed that he ignores the value of mathematics as an intellectual discipline; he simply complains that the French lycées are constituted on the model of old ecclesiastical establishments dating from the time when there was no science except mathematics; but nowadays, when the development of the practical application of scientific truths cannot fail to bring a rapid change in the distribution of wealth, and is even certain to become itself the principal source of wealth, it is obvious that the wise teaching of science becomes a social question of the first importance. M. Tannery evidently thinks that the future progress of France, both in the moral and in the economic spheres, is bound up in no small degree in this question of the reform of teaching methods.

VENICE IN DANGER.

M. de Souza sounds a cry of alarm to which, it must be feared, the world has by this time become tolerably accustomed. Persons of taste have mourned over the disfigurement of Rome and Florence; but they have always consoled themselves, says M. de Souza, with the recollection of Venice practically unspoiled. The complaint appears to be that wealthy English, American, German, Italian, and French people have bought one by one all the palaces on the Grand Canal, and have proceeded to restore them. A vast new palace, built in

imitation of old architecture, destroys the effect of one of the most impressive views of the Grand Canal. Furthermore, the destruction of the Pescheria, a horribly ugly building close to the Grand Canal, is urgently demanded. The practice of coloring the houses which are built of stone or marble in white is to be regretted, M. de Souza thinks, and color-preferably red-should be made compulsory. In general, it is the reviving commercial prosperity of Venice that brings in its train the vandalism of engineers, stimulated by the self-esteem of officialism.

ΤΗ

REVUE DES REVUES.

HE August numbers of the Revue des Revues contain a second article by Senator Paul Strauss upon "Puericulture"-a paper which might have been inspired by Zola's "Fécondité." He advocates the legal protection of maternity, not only by forbidding women to work in factories for four or even six weeks after the birth of a child, but also by giving them an indemnity for wages lost. Excessive infant mortality is the chief cause of depopulation. In France, one-sixth of the total number of deaths are those of infants. In Paris, infant mortality is relatively low, but in some French industrial towns over 50 per cent. of the deaths are of children under one year. Sterilized milk will be a great factor in the saving of infant life, yet the prime cause of the frightful mortality of young children will never be removed except by educating girls for their duties as mothers-an education which must begin as the school time ends. One institution, at least, has already been founded with this object, with the happiest results in the saving of infant life.

FIRST STEPS TOWARDS SOLIDARITY.

Anna Lampérière, secretary-general of the Education Congress, has a most interesting paper upon "Social Education" in France, in which she thinks France has made far greater strides than any Anglo-Saxon nation. "France is the brain of humanity;" French thought the light which guides the steps of the rest of the world. In many French schools much has been done to instill into the children's minds the idea of solidarity, coöperation, being able to do easily combined what would be impossible by individual effort. A typical exercise for teaching children the elements of social economy may be quoted:

"On Thursday the master, being pleased with his class, had promised that every one should go for a walk as a reward. In the morning the father of Louis, one of our mates, said that Louis would have to fetch in the wood instead of going for a walk. Then every one went to Louis' home to help him; the wood was brought in directly, and Louis went out walking with us. Every one was very glad, and he was very glad, and the master said that that was solidarity."

Some schools try more practical methods. In one the children club together to buy a bottle of expensive wine for a sick schoolmate unable to get it for himself. In others they club together to replace a boy's cap which has landed in the garden of a bad-tempered neighbor, or a spoiled dictionary. In Orleans a case is cited of a "Mutual Insurance Society Against WindowBreaking," a club upon which a boy can draw when in play he has managed to break some one's window. In secondary schools less is being done than in primary ; but coöperation is one of the leading notes of the "Universités Populaires."

THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE MOVEMENT.

M. Frederic Passy gives some reminiscences of his peace propaganda, dating over thirty years back. Old as he is, M. Passy writes with hope and enthusiasm. Speaking of the French Society for International Arbitration, which for ten years past has been striving to apply the principles of arbitration before war, M. Passy says that its efforts, though at first received with some indifference, have been the object of more and more attention on the part of the governments. "Not only have the ambassadors, through whom we had to send our letters, for the most part acknowledged their receipts in terms which were not mere flattery-several having even taken the trouble to leave their cards upon me-but a certain number, after acknowledging the letters, have renewed their thanks by order of their government." Speaking of the Hague Conference, M. Passy says it is "a happy crowning of the work of the Interparliamentary Conferences and the Peace Congresses."

OTHER ARTICLES.

Miss Constance Barnicoat, in an article on "The Alleged Disappearance of the Maori," replies to an anonymous French writer's assertion that the English had extirpated this race from the face of the earth, which is happily yet far from being the case.

M. Renard eagerly hails the first signs of spelling reform in France, the minister of education having last July published a decree which will greatly reduce the size of French grammars and immensely simplify the task of learning either to spell or write that language correctly.

Mme. Vera Starkoff writes on "Russian Writers Who Reach the People," among whom she mentions Novikoff and Tourguenieff.

Mlle. Lecamp writes sensibly upon

"Moral Teaching

in School and in the Family." She asserts that the teacher, as well as the parent, is morally responsible for children's moral instruction. "If only one rule was required for our true education, I should say: Never put any but beautiful things before the eyes of a child. It is by the worship of the beautiful in all its forms that the child gets a great and generous soul, a free mind, open to all large thoughts."

AMERICAN POLITICS.

A History of Political Parties in the United States. By James H. Hopkins. 12mo, pp. 477. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.

Mr. Hopkins has prepared a convenient work of reference covering the whole political history of the United States. In appendices to the book are contained the more important national platforms from 1840 to the present time, together with tables giving the popular vote in the various States in the last four presidential elections. In a brief concluding chapter Mr. Hopkins sums up the record of American parties in a suggestive manner. This record shows that since the days of Jackson the rule has been that the party which secured the Presidency at the same election chose Congressmen of the same political faith, but that two years later the people have chosen a majority in the House of Representatives hostile to the administration. In every second term of Congress, therefore, in almost every instance, the political control of legislation has been transferred from one party to the other. Exceptions, however, occurred during the period of the Civil War, in Cleveland's first term, and during the second half of McKinley's term.

The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia. Edited by John P. Foley. 8vo, pp. 1009. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. $7.50.

It is claimed for this work that it contains everything of importance that Jefferson ever wrote on government, law, politics, education, commerce, agriculture, manufactures, navigation, finance, morals, or religious freedom-in short, that it is a complete manual of Jefferson's doctrine. Nearly ten thousand extracts from Jefferson's letters, state papers, and published works are arranged alphabetically by topics, with a full cross-reference index. This scheme greatly facilitates the use of the voluminous material. If we mistake not, the publishers have had an eye on the needs of the campaign "spellbinders" in this Presidential year. The book is thoroughly workmanlike, and a model of its class.

The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson. By S. E. Forman. 8vo, pp. 476. Indianapolis: The BowenMerrili Company. $3.

To write a biographical sketch of Jefferson that should "avoid controversy, abuse, and eulogy" has been Dr. For. man's very sensible and praiseworthy aim. He has achieved it by rigidly confining himself to the undisputed facts of his hero's career. Of this volume, entitled "The Life and Writings" of Jefferson, the "Life" occupies less than one-third. The more important portion of the book consists of extracts from Jefferson's voluminous private correspondence, his state papers, his "Notes on Virginia," etc. All of this material has long been in print, of course, but not in a form generally accessible.

The Trusts: What Can We Do with Them? What Can They Do for Us? By William Miller Collier. 12mo, pp. 338. New York: The Baker & Taylor Company. $1.25.

Mr. Collier's point of view in dealing with the trust problem is that of the student who recognizes the necessity of combinations of capital, and at the same time sees their dangers to the industrial, social, and political system. He believes that much of the legislation heretofore attempted has been futile, and even positively injurious. His method, therefore, is to discriminate between the evils that must be prohibited and prevented and the tendencies that must be

limited and restricted. As specific remedies for the evils resulting from trusts, Mr. Collier would abolish all special privileges; prohibit and absolutely prevent railroad discrimination; lower the tariff, not whenever we can obtain our goods from abroad at a lower rate, but whenever the prices exacted by any trust, or any corporation, or any individual are in excess of a fair profit after paying American wages. He would compel corporations to bear their fair proportion of taxation, and let the public retain and, in so far as is lawful, retake all public utilities and franchises. He favors the New York franchise-tax law. In addition to the abolishing of special privileges, Mr. Collier has great faith in publicity as a coördinate remedy.

"Restraint of Trade:" Pros and Cons of Trusts in Facts and Principles. By William Hudson Harper. 12mo, pp. 368. Chicago, 750 Marquette Building : Printed for the Editor. Paper, 50 cents.

This pamphlet represents an attempt to collate the most diverse opinions recently expressed by American thinkers on the trust problem. No great effort has been made to secure an orderly arrangement of material, and, as the editor himself intimates in his preface, the book may be opened at random and read without regard to sequence. There is an advantage, of course, in having the crystallized views of economists and publicists on this question thus compiled in a single volume. All schools of thought seem to have been fairly treated by the editor, whose sole aim has been to give each authority equal and just representation. The Wall Street Point of View. By Henry Clews. 12mo, pp. 290. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co. $1.50.

In this volume Mr. Clews considers the political and social problems of the day, and even international affairs, from the Wall-Street point of view." Many of his chapters, such as " Washington Domination in Finance, Speculation, and Business," "Tariff for Prosperity Only," Currency Legislation," and "President McKinley's Policy and the Nation's Future," have a direct bearing on the current Presidential campaign. The concluding chapter, entitled “Our Nation's New Departure," is a defense of the present administration of our foreign affairs. Chapters on the Cleveland and Harrison administrations, the Wilson tariff law, the Baring failure, and the Venezuelan message panic Mr. are not without historical value and significance. Clews' style, as often illustrated in his writings for the press, is colloquial, frequently anecdotal, and always entertaining.

One Hundred Years of Platforms, Principles, and Poli

cies of the American Democracy. By S. S. Bloom. 12mo, pp. 221. Shelby, Ohio: The Shelby Publishing Company. Paper, 50 cents.

This pamphlet is a campaign handbook designed for the guidance of Democratic voters, and intended to familiarize the younger generation with the principles of the Jeffersonian fathers. The book was published before the assembling of the Kansas City convention.

The Referendum in America. By Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer. 12mo, pp. 430. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

$2.

Dr. Oberholtzer has been engaged for several years in a study of the referendum in Switzerland and in this country. He has given special attention to the system of lawmaking by popular vote in the United States, under which constitu

tional amendments and even entire constitutions are submitted for ratification at the polls. He makes it clear that Americans really had the referendum long before the name was familiar to them. His discussion of the various phases of the subject in the light of the most recent developments, both at home and abroad, is exceedingly timely and instructive.

Representative Democracy. By John R. Commons.

12mo, pp. 100. New York: Bureau of Economic Research. Paper, 25 cents.

This little pamphlet brings together the main arguments for direct legislation and proportional representation. The chief aim of the work, perhaps, is to show the importance to minority parties in different sections of the country of proportional representation as a means to united action without fusion. The author seeks to apply this principle to Democrats, Populists, and Silver Republicans in the West, to Populists and Republicans in the South, and to Republicans, Socialists, etc., in New York City. In considering direct legislation, the author argues that it is the only cure for corruption in politics. The account of the new proportional-representation law in Belgium was contributed by Professor Commons to the REVIEW OF REVIEWS for May, 1900.

ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY.

America's Economic Supremacy. By Brooks Adams. 12mo, pp. 222. New York: The Macmillan Company. $1.25.

The titles of the essays brought together in this volume are as follows: "The Spanish War and the Equilibrium of the World; ""The New Struggle for Life Among Nations;" "England's Decadence in the West Indies;" "Natural Selection in Literature;" "The Decay of England," and "Russia's Interest in China." These essays deal with the last three years, in which the United States, at least, has made history very rapidly. These discussions of the most modern phases of our economic life are well thought out, and, though prepared without reference to one another, form a natural sequence.

Industrial Betterment. By William Howe Tolman. (Monographs on American Social Economics.) 8vo, pp. 82. New York League for Social Service. Paper, 75 cents.

Dr. Tolman's monograph, which has received the honor of a French translation, deals particularly with the improvement in the conditions under which American working-men and working-women perform their daily tasks. Dr. Tolman has investigated not only the factories themselves, but the homes and environments of the workers. He has also studied the effect of such industrial and social betterment on the community as a whole.

Religious Movements for Social Betterment. By Dr. Josiah Strong. (Monographs on American Social Economics.) 8vo, pp. 50. New York League for Social Service. Paper, 50 cents.

Dr. Strong's pamphlet on "Religious Movements for Social Betterment" covers particularly such developments as what is known as the "institutional church" idea and other modern attempts to direct religious activities along social lines. The work of the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, and the Salvation Army is also described.

The Past and Present Condition of Public Hygiene and State Medicine in the United States. By Samuel W. Abbott. (Monographs on American Social Economics.) 8vo, pp. 103.

In summing up the progress of matters pertaining to public health in the United States, Dr. Abbott mentions especially the rapidity with which the introduction of public water-supplies has been effected, especially in States west of the Mississippi Valley, and the stimulus given to meth

ods for the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases through the agents of bacteriology. As pressing needs of the hour, Dr. Abbott suggests a central bureau or department for the collection of vital statistics from the different States and Territories, and a central sanitary organization at Washington to cooperate with and to aid municipal and State sanitary authorities.

The Care of Destitute, Neglected, and Delinquent Children. By Homer Folks. (Monographs on American Social Economics.) 8vo, pp. 142. New York: The Charities Review.

In a series of monographs on American social economics, prepared for the United States Commission to the Paris Exposition, there is an exhaustive study of "The Care of Destitute, Neglected, and Delinquent Children," by Homer Folks, secretary of the New York State Charities Aid Association. Mr. Folks first describes the situation in this country in 1801 with reference to these dependent classes. He then reviews the development of the public care of destitute children up to the year 1875. Private charities for destitute children during the same period are treated in a similar manner. Then the movement for the removal of children from the almshouses is described. This is followed by a full account of public systems other than almshouse care, for the last quarter of the nineteenth century. There is also a chapter on private charities for the same period, together with specific chapters on neglected and delinquent children, present tendencies, and an ample bibliography of the whole subject, giving the more impor tant sources of information. This paper also forms one of an historical series on American philanthropy in the Charities Review.

Crime and Criminals. By J. Sanderson Christison. 12mo, pp. 177. Chicago: 100 State St. Published by the Author. $1.25.

Dr. Christison's studies of crime and criminals have attracted much attention, and, in view of the rapid increase in American crime, they are deserving of most serious consideration. In this little volume, Dr. Christison presents a series of criminal topics, with brief descriptions of the individual characters and their history. Each description is given as the product of an examination of two or more hours' length made in private and supplemented by other inquiries. They thus have a rigid scientific basis. The History of the Prudential Insurance Company of America (Industrial Insurance). By Frederick L. Hoffman. 12mo, pp. 338. Newark, N. J.: The Prudential Press.

In connection with the exhibit at the Paris Exposition of charts, diagrams, and statistics illustrating the methods and results of what is known as "industrial insurance" in the United States, this monograph has been prepared by the statistician of the Prudential Insurance Company of America, the concern most closely identified with this form of insurance. Although the company has had an existence of only a quarter of a century, it has fully demonstrated the possibility of extending the benefits of life insurance to the masses. This volume forms as complete a record of the history of the insuring of working-men and their families in this country as it would be possible to compile from any source.

CHINA AND THE FAR EAST. China's Open Door: A Sketch of Chinese Life and History. By Rounsevelle Wildman. 12mo, pp. xvi-318. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Company. $1.50. Consul-General Wildman has brought within brief compass an historical sketch of the Chinese empire and its people from the earliest times to the outbreak of the Boxer insurrection. Mr. Wildman's book lacks the element of dryness so often present in histories compiled from printed works. Perhaps one reason for this is the fact that the author has based his work on personal observation and asso

ciation with the people he describes, rather than on literature. Writing from the modern American point of view, Mr. Wildman could hardly fail to treat quite fully of the commercial and economic problems of the far East. His residence at Hongkong as the official representative of the United States has afforded him many opportunities for accurate judgment on these subjects. His book will, therefore, prove interesting to American business men seeking enlarged markets in China, as well as to students of contemporary world politics.

Missions and Politics in China: A Record of Cause and Effect. By Robert E. Speer. 16mo, pp. 61. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. Paper, 10

cents.

One of the best brief discussions of the missionary situation in China is the chapter prepared by Mr. Robert E. Speer for his work on " Missions and Politics in Asia," and now republished in separate form for public circulation. Mr. Speer has obtained a clear insight into the political and economic forces at work in China, as well as the mission movement. His monograph is a defense of Chinese missions, evolved from a full knowledge of the difficulties and peculiar conditions under which these missions have been at work.

Arabia: The Cradle of Islam. By Rev. S. M. Zwemer. Svo, pp. 434. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. $2.

In the case of Arabia, as in many other instances, we are indebted to a missionary for one of the first complete accounts of the country in English. Mr. Zwemer has written this book especially to call attention to the need of missionary work for the Arabs. He collected his materials during nine years of residence in Arabia. Dr. James S. Dennis, in an introductory note, commends the spirit in which the author has written of Mohammedanism. The book is frank in its expressions of gratification on the British advance in the peninsula.

Russia Against India: The Struggle for Asia. By Archibald R. Colquhoun. 12mo, pp. 246. New York: Harper & Brothers. $1.50.

This contribution of Mr. Colquhoun to the discussion of the Eastern question is primarily designed for English readers; but since, in the author's view, British interests in India are closely bound up with the interests of the whole Anglo-Saxon race, the topics that he treats will be not without interest to American readers. At any rate, the book will be helpful in clearing away the mistiness of the whole Eastern situation. The author has endeavored to sketch affairs in Central Asia from actuality rather than from official accounts. Oddly enough, the writer first named in the list of those to whom Mr. Colquhoun acknowledges indebtedness is an American-Mr. Eugene Schuyler, whose writings on Russia many years ago first drew the attention of the English-speaking world to the Czar's great modern do

minion.

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.

The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics. By William L. Scruggs. 12mo, pp. 350. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. $2.50.

This work derives its chief value from the author's intimate personal acquaintance with the countries and peoples described. This acquaintance, maintained during a period of twenty-seven years, while it had its basis in the official positions held by Mr. Scruggs, has resulted in a knowledge of the republics to which he was accredited as the representative of the United States far more extensive and profound than that usually acquired by diplomats in a purely official capacity. He has made a special study of the natural resources and climatic conditions of Colombia and Venezuela. The descriptive chapters of the book will be found particularly useful; but the author has wisely deemed an understanding of the political and social conditions es

South America: Social, Industrial, and Political. By Frank G. Carpenter. 8vo, pp. 625. Akron, Ohio: The Saalfield Publishing Company. $3.

After more than a year of constant travel through South American countries, Mr. Carpenter has compiled in this volume the results of his elaborate studies of the commercial and social life, both rural and urban, in the countries visited. He describes the chief industries of the people and the economic resources and possibilities, and incidentally points out the chances for the investment of American capital and the increase of American trade. The book is also a record of personal adventures, but its main interest lies in the wealth of practical information gathered by the author in the lines of his special investigations. There are numerous half-tone illustrations.

The Rockies of Canada. By Walter Dwight Wilcox. Svo, pp. 309. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50.

So far as "book knowledge" is concerned, Americans are wofully ignorant of Canadian mountain scenery. Mr. Walter Dwight Wilcox, F.R.G.S., has visited all the points of scenic interest in the Rocky Mountains of Canada, taking many photographs and climbing many dizzy heights. The photogravure and half-tone plates made from the author's photographs to illustrate the present volume form a revelation of Canadian mountain scenery. A separate chapter on mountaineering describes the efforts in climbing made by American travelers with Swiss guides, and by several noted climbers from abroad. There are also special chapters on camp life and hunting and fishing which will interest American sportsmen. As a whole, the work is an important contribution to our knowledge of the scenic wonders of our own continent.

In South Africa with Buller. By George Clark Musgrave. 8vo, pp. 364. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. $2.

Captain Musgrave, whose account of the Cuban War (Under Three Flags in Cuba") has won much praise, undertakes in the present volume to review the causes of the war in South Africa. In the case of Cuba, Captain Musgrave's sympathies were wholly with the struggling patriots as against Spain; in South Africa, on the other hand, he regards the Boers as the real aggressors, and the triumph of the British arms as the only hope of true republicanism in the Transvaal. He hopes through this book to influence American public opinion in favor of Great Britain's side. Sympathetic readers of the Cuban book may find some difficulty, on taking up the South-African story, in following or adopting the author's shifted point of view; but as a record of the early military operations of the war in Natal the volume is important.

As Seen by Me. By Lilian Bell. 16mo, pp. 306. New York: Harper & Brothers. $1.25.

The unique title adopted for this little book is a clew to the individuality of its contents, covering two years of travel, over some thirty thousand miles. The book does not pretend to present people and things as they are seen by the average traveler; nor even, as the author frankly says, "as they really are." The sketches, however, are so readable that most people will be willing to take them as they have been written, without going to the trouble of allowing for the author's personal equation.

A Journey with the Sun Around the World. By Rev. William McMahon. 12mo, pp. 676. Cleveland: The Catholic Universe Publishing Company. $1.75. A well-known Roman Catholic priest of Cleveland, Ohio, the Rev. Father McMahon, has written a readable