be composed of all kinds and conditions of peoples, varying in language, ideals, traditions, mode of political thought, even in civilization, some of whom cannot even understand the aspirations and motives of others.

The conditions are so different and the institutions created and to be created so dissimilar that an argument can hardly be drawn from the one to prove the practicability of the other.

The book, however, is an interesting contribution to the literature of the subject. It is well written and well bound. The quality of paper used is good and the type of fair size. Inserted in it is an Appendix containing the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States.

FRED B. HART.

Oakland, California.

Chamberlayne's Handbook on Evidence. By Charles Frederick Chamberlayne. Edited by Arthur W. Blakemore and DeWitt C. Moore. Albany, Matthew Bender & Co. 1919. pp. xxxiv, 1024.

This handbook is a condensation of the five-volume work of Charles Frederick Chamberlayne, entitled "The Modern Law of Evidence." It consequently has most of the virtues and faults of the original work. It shows no serious attempt to correct or modify those parts of the original text which have been made the subject of criticism; for example, the errors in sections 75 and 154 of the original text, pointed out by the late Dean Thayer in his review of the first two volumes of the work (25 HARVARD LAW REVIEW, 483-485), are repeated in sections 41 and 61 of the handbook. The work also repeats Mr. Chamberlayne's confusing use of the term "res gestae." On the other hand, Mr. Chamberlayne's acute analysis of the subject is, of course, preserved and his fault of excessive repetition is to a large extent cured. There is little new material in the handbook, although, of course, many cases decided since the publication of the larger work have been cited. The editorial work shows a lack of proper care and supervision; in many cases official citations are omitted, and in a few instances cases are miscited. On the whole, however, the work will be of great use to the profession, particularly to those practitioners who have become acquainted with and accustomed to using the five-volume work.

EDMUND M. MORGAN.

Washington, D. C.

The Statute Law of Municipal Corporations in Massachusetts, with Historical Introductions Tracing the Development of the Law from its Beginning in every Department of Municipal Government. By Frederick Huntley Magison and Thomas Tracy Bouve. Albany, Matthew Bender & Co. 1917. 1031.

pp. xlv,

The title page of this volume correctly sets forth the extent and limitation of the contents. The great mass of statutes-the authors say over twenty-three hundred provisions are quoted-on municipal law (except as to taxation and election) are set forth verbatim. The historical introductions are both interesting and instructive from period to period, and time and again demonstrate the tremendous growth in the number of functions and the mass of business of modern cities and towns as compared with those of the eighteenth and even of

the first half of the nineteenth centuries. It is a pity that the authors felt it necessary to limit their original contributions to historical matter. Municipal law is a specialty; the average lawyer knows very little about it; there are very many of the statutes which are blind to him, and many which perplex even the experienced city solicitor or town counsel. There is need for text book work to explain and correlate. One fears that the inexperienced may have difficulty in getting the correct statute law, even though it be all in one volume instead of in fifteen or so. To take an example or two at random; What is a relocation as distinguished from an alteration of a way? The county commissioners and the selectmen have concurrent jurisdiction to relocate county ways (highways) and bridges. Who can relocate a town way? The statutory provisions are scattered. The only index notation of relocation is as to the item of expense in connection with the relocation of highways. Chapter 263 of the General Acts of 1915 seems to permit takings by cities and towns for any municipal purposes. What is the effect of it on the various special provisions as to libraries, schools, water-works, parks, playgrounds and town hall sites? There is no cross reference. All of these provisions, except as to town hall sites, though referring equally to cities and towns, are contained in that part of the chapter on Cities which deals with eminent domain. The provision as to taking land for a town hall site is set forth in the chapter on Towns, under the heading of "Corporate Powers" and is not in the index under eminent domain.

The confused state of the statutes themselves has perhaps inevitably led to difficulties of arrangement, classification and indexing. As illustrations, Chapter 401 of the Acts of 1913 admitting in land damage cases certain evidence of assessed valuations, is twice referred to in the text, but has not been found in the table of statutes nor in the index. Chapter 1 is entitled "Towns," Chapter 2 is entitled "Cities," yet a small fraction of town law is included in the former and the bulk of the statutes in the latter concern both cities and towns, as do the rest of the chapters, each of which is devoted to some municipal department or function. In the chapter on Municipal Finance, improperly called "Municipal Indebtedness," Part V. on "Auditing of Municipal Accounts" set forth the law as to the appointment of city auditors but not as to the appointment of town accountants, or the election of town auditors. The Town Accountant Act is in Part III. of the same chapter, but the law as to town auditors is in the first chapter in the parts on town elections and town officers. The lack of even an explanatory foot-note or cross reference is confusing. There is comment in the introduction to the chapter on Roads and Bridges on the alternative offices of highway surveyors and road commissioners, but no mention there of the third and modern method of handling the street department through a superintendent of streets. This last official is incorrectly included in page 5 among the officers chosen by election at Town Meeting, and again on page 28 the law as to his appointment is inserted under the incorrect heading "Appointment if not Elected."

A score or more of archaic or misleading provisions in Massachusetts municipal law have just been revised in pursuance of a bill reported by a Commission to Revise and Codify the Laws relating to Towns. It is to be hoped that as a result of the further recommendations of that Commission and as a result of the work of the Commission now sitting to consolidate the general laws of the Commonwealth, its municipal law may be brought to an orderly and comparatively modern condition. It is also to be hoped that the authors of the present work may then issue a second edition with an enlarged index and with text interpreting the statutes in the light of practice and decisions. In the

meantime, municipal officers and lawyers are indebted to them for much assistance in tracing the development of the law and in cornering it between the covers of one volume.

Boston, Mass.

CHARLES F. DUTCH.

A Source-Book of Military Law and War-Time Legislation. Prepared by the War Department Committee on Education and Special Training. St. Paul, West Publishing Co. 1919. pp. xviii, 858. $4.50.

This book was prepared for a special purpose-to supply, with the Manual of Courts-Martial, material for a course in Military Law and War-Time Legislation which formed part of the prescribed curriculum of law school units of the Student Army Training Corps. The termination of the war before the book came from press has deprived the publishers of that special class of readers to whom it was primarily addressed, and has rendered unnecessary any critical analysis of it as teaching material for the proposed course. But the book is not without interest to a broader public, for it collects in convenient form war legislation and judicial opinions on a number of topics which are of importance to practicing attorneys. Notably of this character is the section dealing with the effect of war on civil rights and liabilities. The collection of opinions of the Judge Advocate General is also useful because only digests of such opinions are published elsewhere.

T. W. S.

The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800. A Collection of Official Documents. Edited by James Brown Scott. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. xxxi, 697. $5.00.

Les Conventions et Declarations de la Haye de 1899 et 1907. Dotation Carnegie pour la Paix Internationale. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. xxxiii, 318. $2.50.

Federal Military Pensions in the United States. By William H. Glasson. Edited by David Kinley. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. xii, 305. $2.00.

Early Economic Effects of the European War upon Canada. By Adams Shortt. Early Effects of the European War upon the Finance, Commerce, and Industry of Chili. By L. S. Rowe. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. xvi, 101. $1.00.

Une Cour de Justice Internationale. By James Brown Scott. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. vi, 269.

The Treaties of 1785, 1799, and 1828 between the United States and Prussia. Edited by James Brown Scott. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. viii, 207. $2.00.

The Financial History of Great Britain, 1914-1918. By Frank L. McVey. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. v, 101. $1.00.

Economic Effects of the War upon Women and Children in Great Britain. By Irene Osgood Andrews. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. x, 190. $1.00.

German Legislation for the Occupied Territories of Belgium. Official Texts. Edited by Charles H. Huberich and A. Nicol-Speyer. The Hague, Martinus Nyhoff. 1918. 15th series, pp. 518, 16th series, pp. 649.

Reports of the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Bar Association. Vol. xliii. 1918. Charles A. Morrison, Official Reporter. Baltimore, The Lord Baltimore Press. 1918. pp. 867.

The Quit-Rent System in the American Colonies. By Beverley W. Bond, Jr. New Haven, Yale University Press. 1919. pp. 492. $3.00.

Constitutional Power and World Affairs. By George Sutherland. New York, Columbia University Press. 1918. pp. vii, 202. [To be reviewed.]

Problems of the War. Papers read before the Grotius Society in 1918. London, Sweet and Maxwell. pp. lvi, 293. [To be reviewed.]

Law as a Vocation. By Frederick J. Allen. With an introduction by William Howard Taft. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. 1919. pp. viii, 84. $1.00. [To be reviewed.]

A Practical Treatise on Title to Real Property. By George W. Thompson. Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill Company. 1919. pp. lxxxii, 1112. $7.50. [To be reviewed.]

American Labor and the War. By Samuel Gompers. New York, George H. Doran Company. 1919. pp. x, 377. [To be reviewed.]

A History of the United States. By Cecil Chesterton. New York, George H. Doran Company. 1919. pp. xix, 333.

American Business in World Markets. By James T. M. Moore. New York, George H. Doran Company. 1919. pp. xi, 320.

The Freedom of the Seas. By Louise Fargo Brown. New York, E. P. Dutton & Company. 1919. pp. xvi, 262. [To be reviewed.]

A Society of States. By W. T. S. Stallybrass. New York, E. P. Dutton & Company. 1919. pp. xvi, 243 [To be reviewed.]

A Manual of Maine Probate Law and Practice. By Ralph W. Leighton. Boston, Little, Brown & Company. 1919. pp. xxi, 499. $5.00. [To be reviewed.]

Clark on Interstate Commerce. Testimony given before the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce. By Edgar E. Clark. Washington, John Byrne & Company. 1919. pp. lxxix, 262. [To be reviewed.]

Legal and Political Status of Women in Iowa. By Ruth A. Gallaher. Iowa City, The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1918, pp. xii, 300. $2.50.

Effects of the War upon Insurance. By William F. Gephart. New York, Oxford University Press. 1918. pp. viii, 302. $1.00.

Traditions of British Statesmanship. By Hon. Arthur D. Elliot. New York, Dodd, Mead & Company. 1919. pp. x, 231. $3.50. [To be reviewed.]

A Treatise on Federal Taxes. By Henry Campbell Black. Fourth Edition. Kansas City, Vernon Law Book Company. 1919. pp. xxxi, 704. $6.00. [To be reviewed.]

The Army and The Law. By Garrard Glenn. New York, Columbia University Press. 1918. pp. iv, 197.