ANNUAL CYCLOPÆDIA

41264

AND REGISTER OF IMPORTANT EVENTS
OF THE YEAR

1902

EMBRACING POLITICAL, MILITARY, AND ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS;
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS; BIOGRAPHY, STATISTICS, COMMERCE,

FINANCE, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE,

AND MECHANICAL INDUSTRY

PREFACE.

THE rapid growth of our country, which within a few years has definitely taken its place as one of the great powers of the earth, and is now universally recognized as such, presents every year a new and interesting chapter of history; and the most gratifying feature of it is the fact that so little of it is war history and so much is industrial and intellectual development. The American citizen who wishes to make himself familiar with these successive chapters, and realize to what a great republic he belongs, must read something that sums up, in a clear and concise form, the results of the various forces whose workings are seen only in a fragmentary way through the daily press.

To learn what our country accomplished in the year just closed, one should first read the article "United States," then look over the article "Congress," reading such portions as to him are most significant; then a careful reading of the "Financial Review" will enlighten him as to the great business movements, with their causes and consequences. Then, if he is inclined to ask "What is the use of all this wealth?" let him run through the article "Gifts and Bequests," and learn to what noble uses tens of millions of American dollars are devoted every year. The articles on the "Farmers' Congress" and the "National Grange," together with the paragraphs on the agricultural colleges in the State articles, will show what is done for the advancement of the business of agriculture. And a special article this year on "Ship-Building" gives much hope of the revival of that important industry, which has been almost a lost art with us for forty years. The progress in jurisprudence is shown in the passages recording decisions in the Supreme Court of the United States and in those of the several States. The growth of religious life, and the efforts to spread the Gospel in missionary fields, may be seen in the articles on the various religious denominations, which are full of significant facts and statistics.

For the year's movement in the progressive sciences, the reader may consult the articles "Astronomy," "Chemistry," "Medicine," "Metallurgy," "Physics," and "Physiology," all of which are subdivided and subheaded, so that any specific subject may be turned to at once. If he is interested in the work of the artists, he will find their record for the year under the title of "Fine Arts."

In the domain of invention and experiment, the most interesting results are set forth, with illustrations, in the articles "Aerial Navigation," "Submarine Boats," and "Wireless Telegraphy." To know what has been accomplished in exploration, the reader should turn to the articles "Archeology" and "Geographical Progress." The former has some very curious illustrations.

There is always something problematical and interesting in a country that has recently been the seat of war, and few readers will fail to be interested in the account of present conditions in Cuba, South Africa, and the Philippines. Of the agencies that make for peace among the nations, are the Bureau of American Republics, the International Conference, the Sanitary Conference, and the various international

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treaties, all of which are duly recorded. The troublesome question of the Alaska boundary is on the way to a peaceful and satisfactory solution, as may be seen by a glance at the article "Alaska." The great cables that underlie the oceans and connect continent with continent, and with the isles of the sea, serve still further to prevent international misunderstandings and bring about speedy agreements. This volume contains an article on the projected American cable across the Pacific, and one on the completion of British cable connection all round the world, illustrated with a map. Still another agency of peace and good-fellowship is the international exposition. We present an account of that which closed recently in Charleston, beautifully illustrated, and a forecast of the Louisiana-Purchase Exposition.

The Carnegie Institution, just founded, which is the largest single transaction for advancement of education this year, is described; and the reader who wishes to trace the whole story of education in our country can do so by turning to the article "Libraries" and the various articles on the States.

Narratives of the great misfortunes of the year may be read under "Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions" and "Strike of the Coal-Miners."

The Canadian articles have been carefully prepared by an eminent Canadian author, and one of them, "Manitoba," includes the strange story of the Doukhobors. The list of eminent persons, in various professions, who passed away in the year, and whose careers are recorded in the pages devoted to "Obituaries," is large. In our country it includes the actors Neil Bryant, Annie Clarke, Harry Eytinge, Ada Gray, Daniel H. Harkins, Edwin Knowles, Sol Smith Russell, William Henry West, and Eliza Young, with the musicians Camilla Urso and George William Warren; the artists Albert Bierstadt, Thomas Nast, and Lily Martin Spencer; the authors Charles Kendall Adams, Elbridge S. Brooks, Junius Henri Browne, William Allen Butler, Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Edward Eggleston, Thomas Dunn English, Paul Leicester Ford, Alfred Hudson Guernsey, Bret Harte, Frank Norris, Thomas E. Osmun, and Francis Richard Stockton; the clergymen Michael Augustine Corrigan and Eugene Augustus Hoffman; the educators John Henry Barrows, Thomas Gallaudet, Alice Freeman Palmer, and Henry A. P. Torrey; the journalists Edwin Lawrence Godkin and George Hughes Hepworth; the jurists Noah Davis, David Ayres Depue, Horace Gray, and George Hoadly; the naval officers James Edward Jouett, Lewis A. Kimberly, William Thomas Sampson, and Thomas Oliver Selfridge; the physicians William Tod Helmuth and James Patterson Kimball; the scientists Alpheus Hyatt, Henry Morton, John Wesley Powell, and Ogden Nicholas Rood; the soldiers Wade Hampton, Francis J. Herron, Franz Sigel, and David Sloane Stanley; and the statesman Thomas Brackett Reed. The death losses of foreign countries included the artists Benjamin Constant, Thomas Sidney Cooper, Jules Dalou, and James Tissot; the authors Philip James Bailey, Aubrey De Vere, Alice Durand, Samuel Rawson Gardiner, Annie Hector, and Émile Zola; the clergymen Newman Hall, Joseph Parker, and Archbishop Temple; the scientists Frederick A. Abel, Alfred Cornu, Pierre Filhol, John Hall Gladstone, and Rudolph Virchow; the soldiers Christian Botha, Mariano Escobedo, and Lucas Meyer; the statesmen Marquis of Dufferin, Earl of Kimberley, Liu-Kun-Yi, Prince Münster, Lord Pauncefote, and Koloman Tisza; Emil Holub, the explorer; Fred Krupp, the industrialist; George Rawlinson, the Orientalist; and Cecil Rhodes, the politician and promoter.

The volume is illustrated somewhat more fully than usual, and it closes with a topical index.

NEW YORK, February 18, 1903.