Stockbridge, on the New York line, sixty-two miles further; and thence on to Albany. The Boston and Portsmouth or Eastern Railroad extends from East Boston through Lynn, Salem (where is a tunnel under part of the town), Ipswich, and Newburyport (forty miles), to Portsmouth, N. H., fifteen and a half miles. It is continued to Portland, Me., through Wells, Kennebunkport, and Saco; and thence to Bangor, one hundred and thirty-two miles further. millions of dollars per annum. The amount of money annually paid out to the operatives is one million, eight hundred thousand dollars. The operatives, both male and female, get higher wages than any other persons of their class in the United States, or perhaps in the world. Their intelligence is also greater, and their morals are better. They have two hundred and fifty thousand dollars' worth of stock in the various companies, which they have purchased with their earnings in the mills: thirty thousand dollars in railroad stock, a pretty large amount in bank stock, and two hundred thousand dollars deposited in the savings bank. This money they have made by their industry. Many of them have fine houses. A large num A large number of families are dependent on the earnings of their daughters in these factories. Two nieces of Daniel Webster, and two of Edward Everett, are graduates of these palaces of the poor. The by a strong and high fence, and the front girls publish a periodical of original matter, written entirely by the operatives. Over two hundred young ladies, who labored in these factories and thus earned the money with which they educated themselves, are now instructors of youth, and some of them in the high-guished phrenologist, Spurzheim, who est female seminaries. The Boston and Worcester Railroad, forty-four and a half miles, extends from the shore of Boston harbor, under Washington street, across the city by a viaduct; over Charles river, on an embankment six hundred and eighty feet long, and through a cut in granite five hundred feet long and thirty feet deep; along Charles river; through Brighton to Needham; and through Natick, Framingham, Westborough, and Grafton, to Worcester, five miles east of which is the summit, five hundred and fifty feet above tide. There is a cut through slate thirty-seven feet deep. Less than one third of a mile on this route is level; maximum grade, thirty feet; least radius, nine hundred and fifty-four feet. The Great Western Railroad (a continuation of the above road) leads from Worcester to Springfield, fifty-four miles, through Charlton, South Brookfield, Palmer, and Wilbraham, and on to West MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY.-This is the first of the large rural buryinggrounds which have since become so common in this country. It occupies a large extent of uneven land, well adapted in form, as well as in the nature of its soil and the abundant and varied growth of forest-trees which it bears, to the solemn and interesting object to which it is devoted. It is surrounded presents a high wall, with a fine gateway of granite. At the entrance, avenues lead off, on either side, through shady groves; and here several of the principal monuments are first presented to view, particularly that of the distin died at Boston on his visit to the United States. The first interment made at Mount Auburn was that of Hannah Adams, the celebrated writer of the history of the Jews. The grounds are laid out with great taste, and are gradually filling up with tombs and graves. Many private tombs are seen on every side, constructed in a great variety of styles; and the avenues, roads, and paths, which branch out in all directions, lead the visiter through scenes of great variety, among hills of various elevations, and by the borders of ponds, every step bringing to view some new and sad but appropriate object. Flowers are often mingled with the foliage and shade of funereal trees and shrubs; and many touching emblems and inscriptions are interspersed, on which the mind may dwell with affecting and profitable reflections. LEXINGTON, Worcester county, is remarkable as the place where the first The academical buildings are distinguished by the names of Phillips hall, Bartlett hall, and the chapel. In the upper part of the latter is a library. The professors' houses are opposite, with a spacious green intervening between the seminary and the street; and there is also a large inn. The academy is not connected with the seminary. blood was shed in the revolutionary war. | make a conspicuous figure from different On the 19th of April, 1776, General parts of the surrounding country, and Gage sent a body of troops from Bos- command a view of great extent, boundton to seize a powderhouse at Concord ed on the west by the Temple hills in belonging to the colony; and the inhab- New Hampshire, backed by the Moitants were warned of his design by an nadnoc about sixty miles off, and on the express despatched by the Hon. Joseph south by the Blue hills. A small elWarren. The militia were called out, evation near by affords a view of the but, the alarm subsiding, they were dis- Atlantic ocean, from about Newburymissed, with orders, however, to hold port to Cape Ann, with part of Salem; themselves in readiness. The enemy and in the northwest is a distant peak, unexpectedly made their appearance at which is supposed to be Ascutney, in half-past 4 o'clock, coming on at a quick Vermont. step, within a mile and a quarter of the church. The alarm-guns were fired, drums beat, and fifty or sixty militiamen assembled on the parade. The British brigade halted about one hundred and twenty yards from the church to load, and then passing the east end of the building, discovered the Americans, who were ordered at the moment by their commander, Captain Parker, to disperse Brookfield.-This was one of the and take care of themselves, but not to most early settled towns in this part of fire. As some of them loitered, the the country, dating as far back as NoBritish troops rushed toward them, huz-vember 10, 1665; and for several years zaing. Major Pitcairn fired a pistol at them when about thirty yards distant, after they had been called "rebels," and ordered them to lay down their arms and disperse. Another officer, who was within a few yards of them, then brandished his sword and ordered the troops to "fire," which was obeyed at the second order; and the fire being returned, it was kept up on the dispersing men until they had all disappeared. Eight were killed and ten wounded. (General Gage falsely stated that the British were first fired upon.) After the regulars had fired a volley from the green behind the church, and given three cheers, they proceeded to Concord. On their return, being hard pressed by sharpshooters, they burned three houses, a shop, and a barn, killed three more men and wounded one. ANDOVER is a small village, situated on high ground, twenty miles from Bos the only towns in the west were Hadley, Northampton, &c., while there was no white settlement between it and Canada. The stagecoach passes over a long hill in West Brookfield, which commands an extensive prospect, and this is the place where the settlement began. A few yards west of a white house on the north side of the road was a house built for defence, which, though of but little strength, was called the fort. In August, 1675, this place was suddenly beset by several hundred savages. The inhabitants had been imposed upon by the appearance of friendliness shown by the Hassenemesit Indians, and while on their way to their fort, a few miles distant, were ambushed and pursued, so that they barely escaped. The house in which they all assembled was besieged and several times in imminent danger. On one occasion a cart loaded with hemp, &c., and set on fire, was pushed up to the house with long poles, when a sudden shower of rain came up in time to extinguish the flames. The fortunate arrival of Captain Mosely with a small troop of horsemen delivered the inhabitants, and drove away the savages. All the houses having been burned, and the war soon beginning to rage with violence, the settlement was evacuated. The old well still remains which belonged to the fort or blockhouse; and there is a rock in a wall, on the opposite side of the road, from behind which an Indian shot one of the men who had come out to draw water during the siege. The present village is at the bottom of the hill, and is pleasantly situated, with several ponds in the neighborhood, which, with the fish and fowl they furnished, were the principal attraction of the savages, who were very numerous in this tract of country. These ponds give rise to the Quabaug river, which, after a course of some miles, takes the name of Chicopee, and joins the Connecticut at Springfield. WORCESTER is one of the pleasantest cities in New England. The country around it is rich and variegated, and the dwellings have an air of elegance which does great credit to the taste as well as the wealth of its inhabitants. Brick is extensively used in building. The courthouse, bank, &c., stand on the principal street, and east of it the countyhouse, and the building of the American Historical society; this institution was formed for the purpose of preserving everything relating to the history, traditions, &c., of the country. The state lunatic asylum, conducted on the humane system of moral treatment, is very successful, Watchusett hills, sixteen miles westnorthwest of Worcester, and fifty-two west by north of Boston, are estimated at nearly three thousand feet above the sea, and ascended by an easy path. The spectator looks down on a surrounding scene of wooded mountains, with ponds and farms below them, and a view over cultivated and inhabited regions. buildings containing the workshops for manufacturing small arms, the arsenal, the barracks, &c., are surrounded by a high wall. The number of workmen required, which is about two hundred and sixty, has a favorable effect on the business and prosperity of the place. About eighteen thousand muskets are made here annually, or sixty a day. The manufactories on Mill river, a little south of the armory, are various, and well worthy of observation. The town is ornamented with many fine elms and other trees; and there are two very handsome churches. It was originally considered within the limits of Connecticut colony, but at length incorporated with Massachusetts. A tribe of Indians lived for some years on Fort hill; but, being won over to King Philip's party, in 1675, they assumed a hostile air, fired upon some of the inhabitants who were going to their fort, and burned a part of the town. In 1786, during the rebellion of Shays, he attacked the armory, at the head of a strong party of undisciplined men. General Shepard, who had command at the place, attempted to dissuade them from the attempt, and finally drove them off by firing twice. The first shot over their heads dispersed the raw troops, and the second drove off the remainder (about two hundred revolutionary soldiers), who did not desist until they had lost a few of their men. This was the first check the insurrection received, which was put down without much subsequent trouble. Wilbraham, seven or eight miles west from Springfield, contains a Wesleyan academy. West Springfield has a fine street, shaded with large elms, and containing some handsome houses. It is twentysix miles from Hartford, and about seventeen from Northampton. There is a fine view from the road on the brow of a hill a little north of the town, near a church, which overlooks the river and an extent of country on each side, with Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke in front. SPRINGFIELD is a flourishing town, standing at the foot of a high hill, the side of which is ornamented with fine buildings, the residences of some of the wealthier inhabitants, and the top occupied by the United States armory. This establishment occupies a large space of South Hadley Falls.-The village and ground, and commands a fine view. The locks are on the east side of the river. |