city, enclosing about thirty acres; of which twenty belong to the public, and the remainder to individuals. A fine greenhouse is connected with it. In the neighborhood of Bangor, several small manufacturing villages have been founded by capitalists, where large quantities of timber are sawn. North Bangor.-Here are the mills of the Penobscot Milldam company. It is four miles from Bangor, on the road to Orono, and three miles from Lower Stillwater Village, another of these industrious settlements, situated, like the preceding, on the Kenduskeag. The ample water-power at these places admits of a large amount of business. The population of Bangor experienced a very rapid increase in the course of a few years. In 1793, there were In 1793, there were but forty-five rateable polls in the town. In 1800, the population was 277; in 1810, 850; in 1820, 1,221; in 1830, 2,868; in 1840, 8,627; in 1850, 14,441. BATH, thirty-four miles northeast from Portland, and one hundred and fifty-three northeast from Boston, is situated on the western side of the Kennebec, and occupies a considerable eminence, on a piece of land almost isolated by several arms of the sea, from which it is distant about twelve miles. It is a considerable town, of 8,500 inhabitants, extends along the river a mile and a half, and back from it about three fourths of a mile. The harbor is excellent, and freely admits to its wharves ships of the largest size. There are in the town two banks and five academies. Steamboats communicate daily with Portland and Boston during nearly the whole year. CASTINE, the capital of Hancock county, occupies a promontory on the east side of Penobscot bay, and has a good harbor, always open, and accessible to large vessels. It is in latitude forty-four degrees and twenty-four minutes, seventy-eight miles from Augusta, and a hundred and twenty-two east-northeast from Portland. Pop. 2,000. HOULTON is a military post on a small branch of St. John's river, near the line of New Brunswick. It is one hundred and twenty miles north-northeast from Bangor. FRYEBURG, sixty miles northwest of Portland, is remarkable both for its situation and its history. The township, in its extent of six square miles, embraces a rich and beautiful valley, secluded on every side by a wild and mountainous range of country. The Saco river, taking its rise on Mount Washington, and flowing through the notch in the White hills, passes down the valley to Conway, where it finds the termination of the southern range; and then turning abruptly to the east, soon enters the charming meadows of Fryeburg, and performs a serpentine course of no less than thirty-six miles within the limits' of the township. The Indian fort was on a gentle hill at the western side of the village, which commands a view of the Saco valley six miles up its course, and six miles down. Lovel's Pond is on an isthmus, about one mile southeast from the village, and is memorable as the scene of one of the most severe and disastrous battles in the old partisan warfare against the Indians. The Portland road passes along the western side of the pond, and affords a view of its north end. This was the place of the action. Another road runs very near the north shore; and it is a pleasant ride to the place. Lovel's Expedition.-In 1725, Captain Lovel undertook a secret expedition through the wilderness against the Pickwaket tribe of Indians. Instigated by the French, they had committed many depredations on the frontier, so that the general court of Massachusetts had of fered one hundred pounds each for their scalps. His company consisted of thirty or forty men, many of them accustomed to the life of hardy hunters and settlers, with young Mr. Frye for their chaplain, whose history was somewhat romantic, and from whom this town received its name. They passed up Winnipiseogee lake, Ossipee pond, the Saco, and encamped at the mouth of Mill brook, at the northwest corner of Lovel's pond. It happened that the Indians had gone down the Saco river, and on their return, discovering tracks, pursued them toward Lovel's pond, and, having discovered the encampment, and the way they had gone, removed their packs, and, forming an ambush around the place, fired upon them, on their return, and killed eight men. The white men retreated to the northeast corner of the pond, where is a narrow strip of land, and defended themselves till night; and the remains of the unfortunate expedition returned through the forest, suffering from hunger and fatigue, and some of them from wounds. Sebago Lake.-This is one of the numerous bodies of water, of different forms and sizes, which spot the surface of Mane, and cover so large a part of it. It has been estimated that, including lakes and rivers, one sixth part of the surface of the state is water. Sebago lake is in Cumberland county, and thirteen miles by twenty in extent, nearly divided by a long cape, which extends from the eastern side, in Raymond, in a southwest direction. No less than five townships lie upon its shores. It receives Crooked river from the north, with the waters of Long lake, which flow into that stream through its outlet. Presumpscut river, which drains Sebago lake from the south, falls into Casco bay, and affords a channel of navigation in boats to Portland. Moosehead Lake, in Kennebec county, and the source of the east branch of Kennebec river, is sixty miles in length, of an irregular form, and surrounded by a tract of country but little inhabited. Mount Desert Lighthouse.-Off a part of the coast remarkable for its desolate and forbidding character, and upon a small barren rock, is erected the tall and fine lighthouse depicted in the vignette at the head of this description. One of the spots most dangerous to passing ships, and most destitute of the means of subsistence for shipwrecked strangers, is thus provided with one of those marks for navigators which now occupy every important point along our seaboard, from one extremity of the country to the other. Mount Desert island, which lies between Union river and Desert sound, is fifteen miles in length, and twelve in breadth. It is in latitude forty-four degrees twelve minutes, and comprises a township of the same name. With so large a surface as Maine comprehends, such supplies of timber, and such remarkable facilities for pro curing, sawing, and transporting it; with so much valuable land cleared and clearing as the forests are removed; together with a population of such energetic character and intelligence, a more. rapid increase of numbers, wealth, and power, might be anticipated, if more genial climates and more luxuriant soils did not attract the great masses of emigrants in other directions. In spite, however, of the richness of the western and southern lands, and the softness of the climates in the new states and territories, Maine will probably continue to improve, and to experience a more solid and substantial growth than could be produced by the introduction of a less educated and hardy population. According to the censuses, taken successively, Maine contained 96,540 inhabitants in 1790; 151,719 in 1800 ; 228,705 in 1810; 298,335 in 1820; 399,955 in 1830; 501,793 in 1810; and 583,088 in 1850. Maine has a stringent law for the suppression of traffic in intoxicating li quors. It allows the seizure and confiscation of liquor wherever found, with the exception of places designated by proper authority, where it may be sold for mechanical or medicinal purposes. Those who are discovered with this illicit article of traffic in their possession, are allowed no redress for the loss by the confiscation of their property; and the attempt to try the matter judicially is ineffectual, as the courts are forbidden to entertain suits of this description. The contrast presented in this state, by a comparison between the present and several past periods of its history, is striking indeed. The most favorable effects resulted from its separation from Massachusetts and erection into a state. Legislation, with the energies of the people, has effected wonders; while commerce, agriculture, manufactures, and education, are annually making advances, which bid fair to continue. The Allegany range, which crosses this state near the middle, though here far distant from its broadest ranges, has its highest peaks in the White hills, whose principal eminences tower above all other peaks this side of the Rocky mountains. In that region are the sources of the principal rivers of the state. The Merrimack rises from the outlet of Winnipiseogee lake, a broad and beautiful sheet of water lying at the foot of the southern eminences of that Alpine region; while the Ammonoosuc, pouring down the steep declivity of Mourt Washington, finds its way to the Connecticut; and the Saco, a direct tributary to the Atlantic, after rising within a few yards of the Ammonoosuc, is soon diverted in an opposite channel, and, flowing through the celebrated Notch in the mountains, waters the most Alpine region of New England, before it reaches the manufactories at its mouth, which are moved by its power. The impediments offered to navigation are not only, in a great measure, counterbalanced by the abundance of valuable water-power afforded by nature, but are obviated by science and art, in the construction of railroads as well as canals, which have been multiplied within a few years, in proportion to the increasing demands created by the numerous manufactories. In all these branches of improvement, New Hampshire has displayed a degree of intelligence and enterprise unsurpassed by any other state, in proportion to her extent and resources, and promises to reap from them long-continued benefits. Lowell, in Massachusetts, occupies the most advantageous point on the Merri mac, on the south side, by which it is supplied with abundant water-power. LAKES.-Winnipiseogee lake is remarkable for its picturesque shores, and A large part of her territory is ren- numerous and beautiful islands, as well dered useless by lofty, wild, barren, and as for the fine scenery which here bealmost inaccessible mountains. The gins to display itself, offering, to the surface, soil, and climate there discour- traveller from the south, the first and age almost any attempt at cultivation, distant introduction to the noble feaand in many places entirely refuse a tures of the White mountains. It is spot for the habitation of man. Im-twenty-three miles in length and ten in mense masses of stone, however, which breadth, measured in the widest part. have been brought down from those re- The water is remarkably clear, and gions, by some ancient cause not easily abounds in fish. explained, are spread over the surface for seventy or eighty miles south, and have supplied the state with one of the chief sources of its 'wealth. Blocks of granite and sienite have been cut up for building, and transported to near and many distant places, often at great profit. The New Hampshire stones of these kinds, like those from some of the adjacent states, are known, used, and highly valued, and form the materials in constructing many of the finest edifices in our cities, even to the southern extremities of our country. Squam Lake, situated north of it, is six miles long and three wide, and lies at the bottom of a deep and narrow valley, surrounded by several mountainous elevations, except on the side where it sends an inlet into Winnipiseogee. Fine trout abound here, which are taken in considerable numbers, and salted for market. Above these lie Ossipee and Sunapee lakes, which are of inferior size. CONNECTICUT RIVER.-This is the principal stream of New England, both for size, the rich and populous country through which it passes, and the large meadows which it annually overflows and fertilizes. It rises in the elevated region between this state and Canada, in a pond called Lake Connecticut; and its eastern branch marks the boundary between the two countries, to a point at the distance of one mile from the forty-fifth degree of north latitude. The course of the river is nearly south, and, after separating New Hampshire and Vermont, it flows on through Massachusetts and Connecticut, and falls into Long Island sound at Saybrook. is navigable in sloops to Hartford, in steamboats a few miles further, and in flat-bottomed boats through Massachusetts to the middle of this state. The northern extremity of this state is in latitude forty-five degrees eleven minutes, and the southern in forty-two degrees forty-one minutes. The area is 9,280 square miles; and the population in 1850 was 317,864. New Hampshire has the smallest extent of seacoast of all the Atlantic states-only eighteen miles. There is but one good harbor in the state—viz., Portsmouth where is a navy-yard of the United States. Lying at the mouth of the Piscataqua river, and having a great depth of water, this port is deficient in one very important respect. That river is navigable but a short distance, when it is broken by a fall. The Merrimac has a succession of rapids, which have been canalled and locked all along its course, and render Short canals, with locks, are formed it useful for boat navigation. But its round the falls at Enfield, Connecticut, principal value is for manufacturing, in and South Hadley, Massachusetts; but which respect, however, it is one of the the Farmington canal, with its extension most valuable streams in the United to Northampton in the last-mentioned States. The largest and most flourish-state, takes off a portion of the trade to ing manufacturing town in the Union, New Haven; and much freight, as well It |
