as most of the travellers, now pass more swiftly along the banks of the stream over the railroads. Several important routes cross Connecticut river at different points; but the principal one is the railroad route from Boston to. Albany, through Springfield. ! house, an athenæum, and an almshouse. The population is about ten thousand. The Boston and Portland railroad passes through the town. The Athenæum, incorporated in 1817, has about five thousand volumes in its library, a cabinet of minerals, and collections in other branches of natural history. NATURAL CURIOSITIES.-The Notch, Flume, and several objects in the heart of the White mountains, may be termed CONCORD. This town, the capital of curiosities, and a remarkable rock in New Hampshire, is located upon the Franconia is noted as such. The pro- Merrimack river, with the principal vilfile, when viewed from a particular lage upon the western side. It is fortypoint, presents a considerable resem-five miles, west-northwest, from Portsblance to the human profile, whence it mouth, and seventy-four miles, northhas received the name of The Old Man north-west, from Boston by railroad, and of the Mountains. The peak rises about sixty-two by turnpike. It has communione thousand feet above the valley at its cation, also, with Boston by the Merribase. mac river and the Middlesex canal, and engrosses the chief trade from the north. Main street, its principal thoroughfare, on which are located most of the public buildings, and the stores and principal places of business, is about two miles in length. A fine intervale lies between the village and the river. Here are the statehouse, state prison, lunatic asylum, also a state institution, county courthouse, several banks, twelve churches, and several other public buildings. Concord has about eight hundred and fifty dwelling-houses, and a population of HISTORY.-The first settlements were made as stated on page 42, at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623; and the people voluntarily united themselves to Massachusetts in 1641. But in 1679 the country was constituted a separate colony by Charles II. For many years the frontier villages suffered severely from the hostile incursions of the Indians, usually led or sent against them by the French Jesuits in Canada. Many dwellings were burned in the wars of Philip and France, many lives were lost, and many captives taken to Canada. The people of New Hampshire bore an active part in the war of the revolution. On the 21st of June, 1788, the convention of the state adopted the constitution of the United States by a vote of fifty-seven to forty-six. PORTSMOUTH, the principal seaport in New Hampshire, is the capital of Rockingham county. It enjoys a pleasant situation at the mouth of Piscataqua, three miles from the ocean. The harbor, although perfectly shut in by land, is never obstructed by ice. It is fiftyfour miles from Boston, and four hundred and ninety-three from Washington. It is connected with the town of Kittery, in Maine, by two bridges, and a third extends to Great island, where is a lighthouse. The navy-yard is on Continental island, on the eastern side of the harbor. There are eight churches, seven banks, two markets, a custom about nine thousand. The Statehouse, a beautiful structure, appropriately built of granite, is one hundred and twenty-six feet in length, and forty-nine in breadth. It occupies a conspicuous situation, surrounded by a fine park. The view from the cupola is very extensive and picturesque. The halls of the house of representatives and the senate contain several works of art ; among which are a portrait of Count Rumford, the founder of the towr, after whom it was originally named, and a full-length likeness of Washington (after Stuart) by Walter Ingalls, a native-artist of the granite state, whose lifelike portraits have, both in his own country and abroad, given him a high rank in his profession. A few years since, but a single railroad extended to Concord; but several roads now radiate from this busy town, and the enterprise of the people, being once awakened to their true interests, will not rest till the iron bands, which | tural regions. The land varies from are drawing the extremes of our wide- valleys and level meadows, to swelling spread country nearer and nearer, shall extend to every section of the state, and even to the commercial metropolis of Canada. MANCHESTER.This city is one of the youngest but most flourishing manufacturing places in the state. It was commenced with activity, by a large Boston company, about ten years ago, at one of the best sites for water-power on the Merrimac, and has rapidly_increased in business. Pop. 20,000. The soil is sandy, and the situation favorable only for the objects for which the town has been built; but the prospects are flattering for permanent and increasing prosperity. The good regulations established in most of the other large manufacturing places in New England, have been, from the first, adopted here, and the results are highly favorable. Precautions are taken to secure comfortable, healthy, and respectable lodgings and accommodations for the work people, or operatives," of both sexes. Several churches, of different denominations, are erected; schools are abundant; and the agents of the manufactories are men of intelligence and public spirit, who favor all measures for moral and intellectual improvement. A railroad, as in most other instances in towns of this kind, affords its advantages. Several other towns might be mentioned, in this part of the state, of a similar character, though none of so recent a date, and such rapid and remarkable growth. The various and valuable products of manufacturing skill, constantly yielded by the thousands of industrious hands and busy wheels in these places, find their way to Boston, with but few exceptions; the grand route of transportation being the Lowell railroad, with its extension and branches. It is by this channel that the capital of that wealthy city extends its influence through this part of the country, and brings its profitable returns to the wharves, whence they are transported to distant ports. There are many agreeable interior towns in the midst of pleasant agricul and often elevated uplands; but the soil is generally well cultivated, situations healthful and agreeable, and the state of society, in different degrees, refined and intelligent. Considerable diversity is observable, in different parts of New Hampshire, in the character of the population. Portsmouth was, for a time, a seat of no little aristocratic pride, during the period of its existence as a royal colony; and some remains of the feelings of those days may still be found. Large bands of emigrants, of the agricultural classes, who came out from Great Britain and occupied large tracts in the interior, were for a long time found slow in conforming to the habits and institutions which have always characterized those of puritan origin, who constitute the third division of the population. CHARLESTOWN.-This is a beautiful village on the bank of Connecticut river, and one of the first places occupied, in early times, in the interior of the state. It was included within “ Township No. 4" (by which name it was long known), being one of a range of settlements first laid off above the present line of Massachusetts. For many years it was much exposed to Indian depredations, and was defended by a small fort, built of logs, in a spot now crossed by the street, in the southern part of the village. Insignificant as was this little place of defence, it was held by a few men, against a considerable body of savages, during a long and persevering attack. WALPOLE.-In full view of Connecticut river, this town occupies a fine, commanding situation, on a bold and beautiful hill, which rises abruptly from the shore, three or four miles south of Bellows' Falls. The country in the vicinity presents many striking scenes and beautifnl landscapes; the soil is strong and well cultivated, and the village very pleasant. Pop. 2,500. BELLOWS' FALLS.-Although the village which bears this name is on the western side of the Connecticut, the remarkable descent of the stream from which it has received its name is within the bounds of New Hampshire. There by at its base. An elevated bridge, which crosses it just below the falls, and affords a near and almost terrific view of the tumultuous scene, gives the place a double interest in the eye of the traveller. The effect of the whole is greatly heightened, by the contrast it forms with the rich and tranquil region which opens to the view above. One of the largest and most fertile tracts of alluvion there spreads out on the river's borders, through which its waters meander in long and graceful curves; and well-tilled and productive fields, covered with the deepest verdure, extend to the borders of the rising grounds, which swell to the wooded uplands. is no other spot along its course which bears so striking marks of the violent operations of nature. An immense mass of the hardest and most solid kind of gray granite has been burst through, and the masses have apparently been torn away in some long passage, while the smoothed surfaces of those which remain indicate the slow but considerable effects of rushing streams, unintermitted for ages. A little above the spot, the water flows in a smooth and gentle current, and spreads out to a considerable breadth; while broad meadows on both sides line its course, and show marks of successive elevations which it formerly maintained at different periods. HANOVER. This is a remarkably But just at the falls, the whole stream pleasant village, occupying a high level is confined between two rocks only a few on the top of a considerable ridge of feet apart; while only a portion of the land, in the midst of a wild and sterile intermediate space is filled by the water, tract, which has but few inhabitants. as large masses of granite lie between It presents a pleasing aspect; for beand divide the current into several sides having several streets with a numparts. The rapidity and force of the ber of neat houses, with court-yards and descent are extremely great, so that ex-gardens, there is a large, level public travagant reports have been made on the subject, especially by a singular writer of past days, Hugh Peters, who gravely published that the water was so much hardened by compression, that a crowbar could not be forced into it! Salmon, however, used to pass the spot in great numbers, so long as they abounded in the river, and this, like many other waterfalls, was the site of a great Indian fishing-place. The deep pools in the bed of the stream were crowded with them at that season in the spring, when they annually moved up toward the shallow water to deposite their spawn; and large encampments of savages were at that time made upon the banks. Marks still remain, especially in several figures engraved on a smooth, projecting piece of granite, a little below the cascade. A short canal was commenced, many years ago, to facilitate boat-navigation around the falls. The scenery at the spot is remarkably wild; a mountain rising abruptly from the eastern bank of the river, covered with rocky and forest trees, and casting a deep shadow upon the roaring stream which rushes | square in the centre, well shaded with trees, and ornamented with some of the finest buildings in the place, especially those connected with the principal literary institution of the state, viz.: Dartmouth College. This was originally a school, founded by the Rev. Mr. Wheelock, for the education of Indian youth for the ministry of the gospel. With a zeal and perseverance fitting the enlightened and noble object, that devoted man surmounted obstacles which it would be difficult to appreciate, to any one not intimately acquainted with the state of the country at the time. Like almost every other attempt made for the extensive and permanent benefit of that unfortunate race, it ultimately failed of success, so far as it related to them. In the course of years, however, it proved useful in an eminent degree; and Dartmouth college has long maintained a highly respectable rank among its kindred institutions. Among its alumni have been found many distinguished men; and its standing and usefulness are likely to rise with the advance of population. The principal academical buildings stand on the eastern site of the square, hile that of the medical department is a little further north. The houses of the president and professors are neat and handsome structures, and add much to the appearance of the village. Dartmouth college is supported by funds contributed by individuals at different periods, and lands granted by this state and Vermont. The library of the institution contains about 4,500 volumes, and those belonging to societies of students about 9,000. The corporation consists of the governor and chief justice of the state, the president, ten members elected for the purpose, the councillors of the state, the president of the senate, and the speaker of the house of representatives. Moore's charity school, a well-endowed institution, is connected with the college. course is southwest. ļ The next twenty miles, where it runs more southwest, it descends three hundred and fifty feet more. Below this point are two considerable falls, the first of which is at the mouth of White river, and the other is Bellows Falls, which has been described. The Passumpsic, a considerable branch of the Connecticut, enters it at the foot of Fifteen-mile falls. Nearly two hundred small lakes, or ponds, are formed in different parts of the valley of the Connecticut, two of the largest of which are in New Hampshire, viz., Mascony and Sunapee. The former is seven miles long, and the latter twelve. From the superior elevations in this state, it is not surprising that five of the principal rivers of New England should have their sources within its limits. merous attractions to every visiter of taste and science, and are the annual resort of numerous travellers. Winnipiseogee lake, as we have before remarked, lies on the route from the south, and at its outlet is situated one of the most flourishing villages in the state. The White mountains-those "Alps The following are the names and of New England," as they have been, dates of the presidents of Dartmouth | not inappropriately, calied-present nucollege: Rev. E. Wheelock, D. D., 1769 to 1779; Jno. Wheelock, LL. D., 1779 to 1815; Rev. Francis Brown, D. D., 1815 to 1820; Rev. Daniel Dana, D. D., 1820 to 1821; Rev. Bennet Tyler, D. D., 1822 to 1828; Rev. Nathan Lord 1828. The annual expense of tuition is twenty-seven dollars; rent, seven and a half dollars; board, from one dollar to one dollar and a half per week. The course of lectures in the medical college continues fourteen weeks. Four or five lectures are delivered daily. The fees are about fifty dollars. MEREDITH.-This place has the advantage of the water-power of Winnipiseogee river, and lies on the route of the railroad line from Concord northward, which is gradually extended as the stock is taken up, and is designed to extend to Canada. The town has some twenty stores, and its population HAVERHILL is a town extending along the Connecticut, opposite the Great Ox-is about 5,000. bow, one of the largest and most fertile tracts of meadow-land on this part of its course. The size of this stream is much smaller here than in the lower part of the state; yet its source is still quite distant; and there are a few points connected with it which may be adverted to in this place. Connecticut river in this state makes a considerable part of its descent from its headwaters to the ocean level. Lake Connecticut is one thousand six hundred feet higher than Long Island sound; but six hundred of this is reduced in the first twenty-five miles, in which the Red Mountain.-This is a conspicuous eminence, occupying a favorable position as a point of view, at the northwest corner of Lake Winnipiseogee, which is a favorite resort of travellers, being easy of access, and commanding a scene of the greatest variety and beauty. The following description was written on the spot: North, the eastern end of Squam lake, and part of a pond lying near it, with the range of the Sandwich mountains behind, stretching off toward the east, with numerous dark-brown peaks, partly cultivated about their bases, and |