The growth of Louisville has been the Ionic style, and makes a conspicuvery rapid. In 1800 the inhabitants ous appearance. It is built entirely of amounted to onlv 1,357; in 1830 they marble, and contains halls for the chamwere 10,196, and in 1850 about 44,000. bers of the legislature, the court of apMany kinds of manufactures are carried peals, and the federal court. The stairon here. The canal, leading round the case has a fine effect, being placed under falls, is one of the earliest and most im- the dome. portant works of improvement undertaken in this part of the country. The charter was granted in 1825, and the canal was opened for use in 1829. The stock was $600,000, of which congress took $100,000. The canal is nearly three miles in length, and in that distance overcomes a descent of twentytwo and a half feet, by five locks. The Medical Institute at Louisville is a very important institution, founded in 1837, with six professors, and about two hundred and fifty students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. The Kentucky Historical society has a considerable library with numerous manuscripts. The Merchants' library contains 8,500 volumes. The Agricultural and Horticultural society has been founded within a few years. Communication is daily had by steamboats with Cincinnati, Maysville, Guyandotte (Virginia), Wheeling, and Pittsburg, up the Ohio; and with St. Louis, New Orleans, and the intermediate places below. Stagecoaches go daily for Maysville via Frankfort and Lexington, for Cincinnati, for St. Louis through New Albany (Indiana), for Vincennes, for Nashville, &c. FRANKFORT, the capital of the state, is twenty-two miles west-northwest from Lexington, fifty-one east from Louisville, one hundred and two south-southwest from Cincinnati. It stands on the right bank of Kentucky river, sixty miles from the Ohio, on a level, elevated piece of ground, nearly two hundred feet above the neighboring surface. The river is subject to great and sudden floods; being comprised in a narrow channel, it sometimes swells in a short time to a height of sixty feet above its ordinary level. The river divides the town into two parts, one called Frankfort, and the other South Frankfort. The Statehouse has a fine portico, in A chain-bridge crosses the river near the middle of the town, where the banks are four or five hundred feet high. Among the public buildings are the courthouse, state-penitentiary, markethouse, bank, academy, theatre, and five churches. There are several manufactories of different kinds, and the population amounts to about two thousand. The Stateprison. The following extracts from a late report of the officers will afford the reader correct ideas of the condition and prospects of this important institution : "We have availed ourselves of every possible means in our power to carry out the wishes of the legislature, and of every true philanthropist, in regard to the moral and religious instruction of this unfortunate portion of our race; and we most heartily acknowledge that it is a source of much gratification to us, to see the manifest disposition on the part of nearly all the prisoners to conform to law and good morals, submitting to the laws of the prison with that character of submissiveness which ought to be gratifying to every true lover of man. "We look forward with pleasure to a day early in next season, when we will be prepared with a suitable schoolroom and chapel,, where we can carry on the work of moral and religious instruction more perfectly, and where those ministers of the different denominations who have labored with us can be rendered more comfortable than we have been able to make them heretofore, while they further aid us in the most pleasant part of our duties; and although a fair proportion of our best energies have been constantly engaged in endeavoring to promote the moral and religious interests of the prisoners, yet, for want of suitable buildings and other means, we have not been able to do what we would wish; but sufficient provision having been made, we most confidently promise to present to your honorable body, at the meeting of your next session, their condition in a much more favorable light. Ministers of the different denominations of our town and its vicinity, generally, have contributed to aid us in advising the prisoner for his good, to whom we feel thankful. fees, for safe-keeping of slaves, 195 00; by barter (manufactured articles given in exchange), 6,022 03: total, $51,114 81. "The number of prisoners in confinement on the first day of December, 1845, was 176; received into the prison from 1st December, 1845, to 1st December, 1846, 71: total, 247. Leaving in confinement, on 1st December, 1846, 187. Of this number, there were 166 white male, and 21 colored males. "The crimes for which they were convicted were as follows: for manslaughter, 13; burglary, 9; larceny, 72; horsestealing, 32; intent to kill 4; assisting slaves to run away, 8; felony, 12; passing counterfeit money, 13; forgery, 3; highway robbery, 4; arson, 3; counterfeiting, 3; perjury, 3; bigamy, 2; rape, 2; mail robbery, 1; poisoning, 1; slavestealing, 1; mayhem, 1. The number discharged during the The disbursements for the year past same time were: by expiration of senwere as follows: for hemp, iron, lum-tence, 32; by pardon of Governor (wsber, leather, &c., $29,375 02; victualing ley, 22; restoration to rights of citizenprisoners, 5,719 57; clothes and bed- ship by pardon of the governor, one day ding for prisoners, 1,281 63; wood and previous to expiration of sentence, 3; coal for engine, blacksmith shop, &c., by death, 2; escaping, 1: total, 60. 2,473 74; wagons, hauling hemp, stone, lumber, wood, &c., 1,800 56; pay of officers, physicians, and guards, 4,387 35; cash paid to prisoners ($5 each), as directed by law, 285 00; tools and implements of trade for workshops, 966 41; brick and lumber for new buildings, 388 24; cash paid town of Frankfort, water privilege for use of engine, and repairs of pipe, 68 70; travelling expenses to various points, including trip east, on business of the institution, 227 55; cash paid ferriage and turnpike for wagons, hauling stone, hemp, &c., 176 02; medicines and medical instruments for use of prison-hospital, 60 69; rewards and expenses incident to arrest and return of escaped convicts, 83 45; lot purchased for extension of prison-wall, as authorized by act of assembly, 2,400; cash paid stonemasons engaged in the erection of prison-wall, 836 63; moral and religious instruction, 237 38; stationery for use of office, 52 20; printing office-blanks, advertisements, &c., 44 37; postage, letters sent and received on business of institution, 9 05; tobacco for use of prisoners, as directed by law, 166 25; two yoke of oxen purchased for use of prison, 75 00: total, $51,114 81. The receipts were as follows: By Craig and Henry, advanced for institution, $2,311 20; cash received for the sale of bagging and baled hemp, and for the manufacture of bagging, 30,299 11;: cash received for the sale of articles at prison, 6,287 47; cash loaned by the state, per act approved February 23, 1846, 6,000; cash received for lock-up "The terms of their sentences were : for 40 years, 3; 22 years, 1; 15 years, 1; 12 years, 1.; 10 years, 15; 9 years, 2; 8 years, 7; 7 years, 10; 61⁄2 years, 1 ; 6 years, 10; 51⁄2 years, 1; 5 years, 1 4 years, 2; 4 years, 38; 31⁄2 years, 1; 3 years 4 months, 1; 3 years, 33; 21 years, 2; 2 years, 25; 1 year 10 months, 1; 1 year 6 months, 1 year 6 months, 1; 1 year 1 day, 1; 1 year, 19. "Education.-Superior, or those who have a classical or scientific education, 3; good, or those who have received a general English education, 20; common, or those who can read, write, and cipher, 49; poor, or those who can only spell and read, 53; none, or those who are entirely destitute of education, 62. Ages.-From 15 to 20 years, 20; 20 to 30, 87; 30 to 40, 44; 40 to 50, 19; 50 to 60, 14; 60 to 70, 2; 70 to 80, 1. Previous Habits.- Habitually intemperate, 62; occasionally intemperate, 95; temperate, 30. "Married, 75; single, 96; widowers, 11; separated, 5. Total, 187. south, are only the declivity of the broad table-land there broken down. The south slope before spoken of, properly belongs only to the valleys of the streams flowing in that direction into the Ohio. These streams are generally free from falls, except the Muskingum and a few others; but those which flow into Lake Erie, passing down a ridge about eight hundred feet high, are too much broken for navigation. Some of them make that descent within five miles. This ridge is visible to a person sailing up the coast, and is seen gradually receding inland until it disappears in the distance near Sandusky. The course of the Ohio forms nearly a perfect semicircle along the outline of the state. If one point of the dividers be placed on the map at Worthington, nine miles north of Columbus, and the other at the mouth of Big Sandy river, it will sweep round on or very near the course of the great river. Like its tributaries, it flows through a deep channel, cut down below the original plain. The breadth of this valley varies, above Louisville, from one to two miles, and its temperature is so much warmer than that of the neighboring high land, that vegetation is about six weeks earlier in the spring; but the cold is greater in winter. On account of its rapid increase in population, and the general extension of the improvements of civilization, as well as the intelligence, industry, and thrift, of its inhabitants, the state of Ohio is inferior to no other country of equal extent. Indeed, it may be safely asserted, that none has been equally distinguished in all the points we have enumerated. In consequence of a singular and peculiarly favorable concurrence of events and circumstances, the energy of our nation here found an opportunity to display itself, while in its early youth; and the results show something of the tendencies and power of the principles and habits implanted by our ancestors, when left at liberty to develop themselves. The surface, soil, and climate of Ohio are all highly favorable to agriculture; and her situation, with the natural facili ties offered to navigation, afford opportunities to many parts of it to communicate with markets. The soil of Ohio is in general very fertile; and the productions are afforded in immense quantities. These are wheat, rye, oats, Indian corn, live stock, and salted meat. Indian corn ripens in all parts, and apples and peaches flourish well, as do nectarines, cherries, plums, grapes, and berries of all kinds. Flint says Ohio "is the appropriate empire of Pomona.” The principal tributaries of the Ohio. flowing in this state are Muskingum, Hockhocking, Scioto, and Great and Little Miami. Their head streams interlock with those running into Lake Erie: the Ashtabula, Grand, Cuyahoga, Huron, Sandusky, and Maumee. merous smaller streams are omitted in this enumeration. Nu The Ohio canal extends from Cleveland, on Lake Erie, up the valley of the Cuyahoga south, about thirty miles, crosses Portage summit to the Muskingum or Tuscarawas river, whose valley it follows to Dresden, within fourteen miles of Zanesville, and then, in a southwestern direction, crosses the ridge to the Scioto, twelve miles south of Columbus, then south down the valley to Circleville, Chillicothe, Piketon, and Portsmouth, where it enters the Ohio, being three hundred and six miles long. The Miami canal extends from Cincinnati north through the Great Miami valley, through Hamilton, Middletown, Franklin, and Miamisburg, to Dayton, a distance of sixty-seven miles. The population, in 1800, was 45,365; in 1810, 230,760; in 1820, 581,434; in 1830, 935, 884; in 1840, 1,519,467; and in 1850, 1,977,031. The original constitution of Ohio was formed at Chillicothe, in 1802, and continued in operation until 1851, when a new constitution was framed at Columbus, by a convention, March 10th, and adopted by the people, June 17th, 1851. By this constitution, the senaters and representatives are elected biennially, and meet at Columbus on the first Monday of January following. The senate consists of thirty-five mem |
