cavity in the rocks, about a quarter of a mile from the hotel; it has been curiously worn out by the waves. There are several other caverns of a similar character, produced in the course of ages by the constant attrition of the water. The Spouting Horn is a hole in the rocks, on the opposite side, where the water is thrown up in the air at particular times of tide. The rocks are of granite, porphyry, epidote, &c., and furnish pebbles of jasper. Pulpit rock, on the south, is a singular object; its top is almost inaccessible. The rude shores and the smooth beach can be best examined at lowtide; but those who are fond of sublime scenes should omit no opportunity to visit them when the wind is high, particularly in a moonlight night. PLYMOUTH.-This place is thirty-six miles south-southeast from Boston. It is highly interesting on account of its history, being the site of the first settlement made by the New England pilgrims, on the 22d December, 1620. A mass of granite rock is still shown, on which those who first landed stepped; it has been divided, and a part of it remains buried near the shore in its natural location, while the upper part is removed into the centre of the village.

A handsome building was erected here in 1820, in which the New England society hold their annual celebrations of that interesting era in the history of the country. Burying hill, which rises near at hand, is the spot where a small fort was erected by the settlers, and where the graves of several of them are still to be found. The banks of the brook south of the hill were the scene of the first conference with Massasoit, a friendly and faithful Indian chief, from whom the name of the bay, and subsequently that of the state, was derived. Manumet point is a promontory on the south side of the harbor; and a small island on the opposite side of it was the spot where the pilgrims first placed their feet on shore in this vicinity, after having previously landed on Cape Cod.

The young and feeble colony suffered extreme distresses here from the severity of the climate (against which they were unprepared, as they had sailed for a

more southern region) and the want of provisions. Nothing but the assistance of Massasoit, under the providence of God, preserved them from: extinction.

The Boston and Lowell Railroad, is twenty-six and a half miles in length. The cars start from North Boston, and pass in view of the ruins of the Charlestown nunnery, on Mount Benedict, which was burned by a mob some years ago on a charge of the ill treatment of some of the nuns. Summit of the road, one hundred and twenty-five feet; maximum grade, ten feet per mile; least radius, three thousand feet. More than one half is straight. It was opened in June, 1835.

This road extends to Concord, from which place, also, several roads, now in process of construction, are to extend to Portsmouth and north into Canada.

LOWELL.- Like many other towns in this vicinity, this place has grown from a very small beginning. Thousands of persons now living in the city and surrounding country, well remember when there were not ten men in it. The main canal, which supplies water for turning the machinery of numerous mills on the banks of the Merrimack, was constructed in 1793, simply as a boat and raft channel around the falls. The finest timber in New England was then brought down the Concord and Merrimack, the junction of which rivers takes place at Lowell; and thence, to the ocean, they go by the name of the Merrimack. The construction of this canal soon attracted the attention of capitalists, the result of which was, that one mill after another was erected; and from a little, meager village, Lowell has grown into a powerful city, with vast ranges of magnificent granite and brick factories stretching from river to river, and from street to street, resembling huge towers, and striking the stranger with wonder, surprise, and admiration. The population is about forty thousand.

The value of raw cotton used up here annually is about four hundred thousand dollars; wool, about one hundred thousand dollars. The value of the articles manufactured in all the factories, large and small, is about thirteen