The life of Thomas Jefferson - Henry Stephens Randall - Google Knjige

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CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

[A complete analytical Index will be found at the end of the third volume.]

Topography of Virginia-The Birth-place of Mr. Jefferson-Early Settlement of the State

-Large Estates acquired by the Lowland Proprietors-Their Style of Living, Manners,

Habits, and Character-Other Social Strata-Mr. Jefferson's Ancestors-His Grand-

father-Early History of his Father, Colonel Peter Jefferson-Colonel Jefferson's

Estate He marries Jane Randolph-Genealogy of the Randolph Family-Its Settle-

ment and Great Success in Virginia-Isham Randolph, the Father-in-law of Colonel

Jefferson-Colonel Jefferson's first Civil Offices-Birth of Thomas Jefferson-Colonel

Jefferson's Removal to Tuckahoe-Assists in surveying Boundary Line and construct-

ing Map of Virginia-His Return to Albemarle-Appointed Colónel of his County-

Elected a Member of the House of Burgesses-His Death and Character-His Training

of his Son, and Influence in forming his Character-Mr. Jefferson's Mother--Her Cha-

racter-Family Record-Childhood of Mr. Jefferson-His Religious Training-His

Early Education and Amusements-First meets Patrick Henry-Enters College-His

Relatives at Williamsburg-His Habits of Study-His Morals and Standard of Action-

Influence of Dr. Small-Second Year in College-Attainments and Favorite Branches-

Branches which were not Favorites-Mental Characteristics-Favorite Authors-

Studies Law with Mr. Wythe-Intimacy with Governor Fauquier-Habits as a Law

Student-First Love-Personal Appearance, Accomplishments, Conversational Powers,

Temper, etc.-Becomes of Age,

Mr. Jefferson's Earliest Political Opinions Opposition to the Views of his Relatives-

The Declaratory and Stamp Acts-Patrick Henry's Resolutions against the Stamp Act

-Jefferson present at the "Bloody Debate "-His Description of it-Mr. Trist's

Memoranda Death of Jefferson's Sister-Family Details-His Garden, Farm, and

Pocket Account-Books, etc.-His Precision and Fondness for Details-Examples-

Mental Characteristics indicated-A Peculiar Habit in Conversation-Journey North-

Meets Gerry-Admitted to practise Law in the General Court-His Taste for his Pro-

fession-Extent, Character, and Profits of his Practice Declines Colonel Nicholas's

XV

Business-His Erudition and Ability as a Lawyer-His Adaptation to the Profession—

His Qualifications for an Advocate-His Zeal in collecting Ancient Statutes-Letter

giving a Course of Reading and Study for a Lawyer-Appointed a Justice-Elected to

the House of Burgesses-Session of 1769-Dissolved by Lord Botetourt-Association

of the Members-Shadwell burnt-Jefferson takes up his Residence at Monticello-

British Imposts of 1767 repealed-Tea Tax retained-Virginia Politics from 1770 to

1773-Jefferson's Plans for embellishing his Estate-Extracts from his Early Writings

-His Marriage-Family, Character, and Appearance of his Wife-Anecdote of Rivals

-Annoying Adventures-Death of Jefferson's Father-in-law-His and his Wife's

Patrimony-Losses on British Debts-His Providence in Money Matters-His Esta-

blishment Taste for Horses-His Horsemanship-Old Wormley's Recollections

Specimens of the Garden-Book,

Meeting of the House of Burgesses, 1773-Causes of Irritation-Committee of Corres-

pondence appointed-House dissolved by Governor Dunmore-Claims of Virginia and

Massachusetts to the Honor of originating Committees of Correspondence-Claims of

Revolutionary Precedence between the Colonies-Unjust Imputations on some-Dabney

Carr's Character-His Intimacy with Mr. Jefferson, Marriage and Death-His Family—

Meeting of the Burgesses in 1774-Boston Port Bill-Fast Day Proclaimed-House

Dissolved-A Convention agreed on-Proceedings of Albemarle Freeholders-Their

Remarkable Resolutions drawn by Jefferson-Hanover Resolutions-Fairfax Resolu-

tions-Convention Meets-Delegates to Congress Jefferson's proposed Instructions—

Their Fate Their Novel Positions, and Extraordinary Character-Jefferson placed in

a Bill of Attainder-Instructions adopted by the Convention-Meeting of Congress-

The Virginia Committees of Safety-Jefferson Chairman of the Albemarle Committee

-The Second Convention of Virginia Henry's Proposition to arm the Colony-His

Eloquence-Richard H. Lee Jefferson chosen P. Randolph's Substitute to Congress-

Logan's Speech-Public Powder abstracted by the Governor's Orders-Albemarle

Volunteers ask Washington's Advice-Disturbances-Henry advances with a Military

Force on Williamsburg-The Governor succumbs-Lord North's Conciliatory Proposi-

tion Jefferson succeeds Randolph in Congress-Remains to draw up the Answer of

Virginia-Its Contents-Final Rupture between Lord Dunmore and the House-Over-

throw of Royal Government in Virginia,

Jefferson enters Congress Journey-Causes of distinguished Reception-J. Adams's

Statements J. Adams's Description of his Character as a Member-Address on Causes

of taking up Arms-Jefferson's Action in it-His Modesty and Suavity-Public and Pri-

vate Effects of these-The Address adopted-His Portion of it given-Chairman of

Committee on Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition "-Extracts from the Report-

Congress adjourns-Virginia Convention Jefferson re-chosen to Congress-Attorney.

General John Randolph-Jefferson's First Letter to him-Second Letter to him-Jeffer-

son's and John Adams's wishes for Reconciliation-When Independence was first aimed

at J. Adams's Statements-Judge Jay's and Mr. Jefferson's Statements-When first

openly advocated in Congress-Patriotism vindicated at Expense of Veracity-Wirt's

Error in regard to Henry-Not wonderful that Independence was not aimed at sooner

-Curious Entry in Jefferson's Account Book-An old Contract-Violin playing-Do-

mestic Memoranda-Jefferson returns to Congress-Proceedings of that Body-Jeffer

son goes Home-Death of his Mother-Action of Congress in his absence-King's

Speech-Parliament-The Prohibitory Act-England employs Mercenaries-Publica-

tion of "Common Sense "-Thomas Paine and John Adams-Proceedings in Congress

-The Colonial Legislatures-Their Movements towards Independence-Decisive Action

of Virginia Jefferson's supposed connection with it-He raises Powder Money and Re-

lief Money for Boston-Cause of his long Absence from Congress-Takes his Seat May

15th-R. H. Lee moves the Resolution for Independence-Action of Congress-Reasons

urged for Delay-Committee appointed to prepare Declaration Jefferson Chairman

instead of R. H. Lee-Marshall's, Lee's, and Tucker's Statement of Reasons-J. Adams

pronounces them Erroneous-His Three Statements Examined-Factions in Congress

-Virginia Members divided-The "Adamses and Lees" accused of Hostility to Wash-

ington-Knox, Hamilton, and Lafayette on the Subject-Extracts from J. Adams's

Writings-Adams's Treatment of Harrison and others. Quarrel between the Lees and

John Jay J. Adams's, Jay's, and Jefferson's Remarks thereon-Jay's Statement of the

Hostility to General Washington-Jefferson not considered an Enemy of Lee's-Proofs

of this-Mutual Friendship between Jefferson and Washington-Jefferson's Good Will

for Harrison-Treated Lee as a Friend-Charles F. Adams's Innuendoes-Jefferson's

Friends sustained Lee in Virginia Legislature-Voted for Lee to present the Indepen-

dence Resolution-Always considered Lee overrated-Afterwards alienated from him,

but never an Enemy-Jefferson befriended by all Factions-The Reasons-Explanations

of proceedings on Choice of Committee-Why this Subject is ripped up-A Division of

Talent and Labor in the Revolution-No Supernatural Men engaged in it-Benefits of

reducing Myths to Natural Proportions-A Biographer's Duty-How the Revolutionary

Leaders would have desired to be treated-Humanity more attractive than Myths-

Course that will be pursued toward Jefferson-Some Peculiarities-His Precision of

Deportment unfortunate for a Biographer,

Jefferson desired by Colleagues to draft Declaration-J. Adams's Statement of a Sub-

Committee Jefferson's Correction-His Contemporaneous Notes-Sustained by the

Original Draught-Adams's Inaccuracy as a Writer-Jefferson's Habitual Accuracy in

Facts-Authorship of Declaration undisputed-C. F. Adams's extraordinary Comments

-Proceedings in Congress on Independence Resolution-Proceedings on the Declara-

tion Jefferson's Remarks on the Amendments-Lord John Russell's The Declaration

adopted-Signing the Declaration-Fac-simile of the Draught The Draught and

Amendments Where the Declaration was written-The Writing Desk-Jefferson

during the Debate-John Thompson, the Hatter-The Entries in the Account Book-

Meteorological Register-J. Adams, the Champion of Declaration-Jefferson's Com-

memoration of it-J. Adams's great Speech-This not preserved-Webster's "Restora-

ration" of it-Webster's and Wirt's "Restorations" unequal to Originals-The Meagre

History of the Debates-The probable Speakers-Jefferson's Description of S. Adams

-Nelson, Harrison, and McKean-Gerry, Sherman, and others-Franklin's Influence

on the Question-Jefferson's-Declaration as a Literary and Political Production-Its

Originality examined-J. Adams's and R. H. Lee's Views J. Adams's Assertion that

it repeats a Report of his Unfortunateness of the Claim-How far it was borrowed

from Otis or Locke-Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence-Contemporaneous

Reception of National Declaration-Effects on the Public Mind-Effects on the Loyalists

-On the Whigs-Reception in Southern and Middle States-In New England-Jeffer-

son's Appointments in Congress after the 4th of July-Letters,

Jefferson drafts a Constitution for Virginia-What became of it-Virginia Delegates

in Congress chosen-Factions-Jefferson declines. but is chosen-Again declines-

His Double Reasons-Leaves Congress-Appointed a Commissioner to France-

Reasons for declining-Takes his Seat in the Virginia House of Delegates-Leader of

the Reform Party-Principal Coadjutors, Mason, Wythe, and Madison-Principal

Opponents, Pendleton and Nicholas-Bills introduced by Jefferson, and their Fate-

Bill to abolish Entails-Effect of this on Virginia considered-Creates a Party hostile

to Jefferson-His Bill to naturalize Foreigners-Bill to remove the Seat of Govern-

ment That to abolish Entails passed-Bill for a General Revision of the Laws-This

passes, and the Revisors appointed-Bill to define Treason-Bill to regulate the Laws

of Succession-Bills on other Subjects-The Committee on Religion-Their Proceed-

ings-The existing Church Establishment-Its results-Jefferson reports his Bills to

establish Courts-Obtains Leave of Absence-Summary of further Proceedings-Pro-

ject for creating a Dictator-Patrick Henry proposed for Dictator-Wirt's Exculpation

of him-How the Project was crushed-Jefferson's View of it-Meeting of the Law

Revisers-Their General Plan-Allotment of their Parts-Meeting of the General

Assembly in 1777-Parties-Jefferson's Legislative Dispatch-Brings in various Bills-

The Church Question-Called Home by Illness of his Wife-Contest of Parties-R. H.

Lee's Defeat-Subsequently vindicated-His Letter to Jefferson-Jefferson's Attitude

between the Parties-Adjournment-National Events-Fall Session of General Assem-

bly-Jefferson's Bills to establish Courts-Elections-Jefferson's Appointment on

Committees Contest between the two Houses-Final Struggle on Bills to establish

Courts Jefferson's Bill to sequester British Property-Report of the Law Revisers--

How and by whom the Work was executed-Anecdote of Mr. Wickham-Extent of

the Revision-How certain Principles in it were settled-A Sentimental Anecdote

exploded-Jefferson opposed to the Principle of Retaliation-His Bill for establishing

Religious Freedom-Original and amended Copy-His other Religious Bills-History

of Religious Bills continued-Washington's, Henry's, and R. H. Lee's opinions in favor

of Compulsory Church Levies-The Struggle completed-Jefferson's three Educational

Bills-Copy of Preamble of his Free School Bill-Analysis of its Provisions-Further

History of the three Bills-Slavery Laws Jefferson's Penal Code-General Analysis

of it-His View of the effects of the Revision-Ultimate Fate of the Revision-Letter to

Franklin-Chasms in Mr. Jefferson's Correspondence explained-His warm Appeal for

British Prisoners-Correspondence with English and German Officers-Philips, de

Riedesel, de Geismer, etc.-Letter to Philips and to de Unger-Courtesies to the

Prisoners The Baroness de Riedesel-How Jefferson was repaid by the English and

German Officers,

Jefferson chosen Governor of Virginia-John Page his Competitor-Gloomy Condition of

Affairs Particularly so in the South-Weakness of the three Southern States-Statis

tical and Natural Causes therefor-The British Plan-War transferred to the South-

War changes in its Spirit-British Commissioners to Bribe Americans-Their Strange

Manifesto-Condition of Virginia-Her Natural Exposure to the Enemy-No Fortifica-

tions Her Militia without Arms-A Nursery of Men and Provisions-How freely she

supplied these to the Cause-But wholly destitute of defensive Strength-Washington

Responsible for her Military Policy-Never was State so exposed to Invasion-General

Matthew's Invasion before Jefferson's Accession-Colonel Lawson's Account of it-

Dangers in the West-Hamilton, British Governor of Detroit-His Atrocities to Ame-

rican Prisoners-His projected Campaign of 1779-Colonel Clarke had taken Kaskas-

kias-His Winter March against Hamilton-Incredible Hardships-Takes St. Vincenne

and captures Hamilton-Randolph compares Clarke to Hannibal-Hamilton placed in

Irons--General Phillips interferes Jefferson consults Washington-Washington's

Reply-Retaliations menaced on both Sides-Was Retaliation by Americans expe-

dient?-Machinations in and out of Congress-Virginia ratifies French Treaties-Spain

declares War--Jefferson takes Possession of Western Country-Anecdote of Colonel

Clarke-Territorial Claims of Virginia opposed in Congress-State Rights-Count

d'Estaing arrives on the Coast-French and Americans attack Savannah-Webster

and other British Officers-Clinton takes Charleston-Losses of Virginia-Losses at

Monk's Corners-British Advance-Tarleton cuts Buford to Pieces-Description of

Tarleton and his Legion-Lee's Statements respecting British Cruelties-A theory on

the Subject-Campaign suspended-De Kalb sent South-Energetic Provisions of Vir

ginia-A Fatal Lack-Efforts of the Virginia Ladies-Governor Jefferson's Activity-

Letter to Washington-Impressment as a Substitute for Money--Jefferson's Unsec-

tional Spirit-His Letters to Washington, Gates and Stevens-He adheres to Washing-

ton-Battle of Camden-Shameful Conduct of Virginia Militia-Sumpter surprised by

Tarleton-Cornwallis kept inactive by Illness of his Troops-Gloomy Prospects of the

South-Jefferson's Letters to Washington, Stevens, and Gates-Virginia Militia desert

-Governor's Proceedings thereon-His further Letters-Gates requests no more Men

sent Jefferson's Reply-Operations in Western Virginia-Project against Detroit-

Governor consults Washington-Gives Clarke an Option-Clarke scourges the Hostile

Tribes-Border Heroism-Project against Detroit renewed-The Governor asks Aid of

General Washington-Survey of the Mouth of the James-Governor applies to have

the French Fleet Winter in the Chesapeake-An Error of Girardin-Proceedings of

Virginia Legislature-Cornwallis advances on North Carolina-Clinton's infamous

Proclamation-Fully carried out by Cornwallis-Cornwallis's intercepted Letter-His

Conduct considered-Consequences of it-Battle of King's Mountain-Tories hung

-Gates's Remarks thereon-Just Retaliation-Its Effect Good-Effect of the Battle of

King's Mountain-Gates superseded by Greene,
233

Sir H. Clinton's Plans in Fall of 1780-Sends Leslie to Portsmouth-Governor Jefferson's

Preparations-Convention Prisoners removed-Leslie Abandons Portsmouth-Unpre-

paredness of Virginia to resist Invasion-The State now Forewarned-Was it put in

Preparation?—Physical and Pecuniary Impossibility of this-Troops and Money raised

by the State Governor accused of doing too Much-But his Efforts expended out of

the State-Congress and General Washington urge this Policy-Was it sound?-Virginia

cedes Northwestern Territory-Expedition against Detroit resumed-Washington

notifies Jefferson of British Embarkation-He did not intend to specially alarm

Virginia Judge Marshall's Statements-Washington to Steuben-Why Virginia was

not alarmed-Washington foresaw this-Arnold enters Chesapeake December 30th-

Governor's Measures-Legislature adjourns-Arnold lands and advances on Rich-

mond-Governor's Measures and Personal Movements-Arnold enters Richmond-His

Proposals contemptuously rejected by the Governor-The most valuable Public

Stores saved-Amount of the Public Losses-Arnold retires-The Governor unaided

by other Public Functionaries-Militia assembled-Arnold's Fortuitous Escape-Harry

Lee's Misrepresentation of this Affair-Lee's Character as a Writer-Some of his

Statements examined-Arnold intrenches himself at Portsmouth-Arrangement of

Militia Jefferson's Views of Future Prospects-Sends Succors to save Greene-

Attempts to seize Arnold's Person-Strikes the Hostile Cherokees-Battle of Cowpens

-Cornwallis pursues Greene-Greene reaches Virginia-Correspondence between him

and Jefferson-Lee cuts off the Tories on Haw River-Battle of Guilford Court House-

View of Greene's Biographer of Jefferson's Services-Greene's Written Views of same

-A Virginia Party censure Jefferson's Policy-It was, in reality, Washington's Policy-

Washington's Declarations on the Subject-His Letters to Jefferson and Steuben-Not

surprised at Arnold's Success-Madison not surprised at same-Washington urges Jef-

ferson to persevere in his Policy-Cornwallis's and Clinton's View of that Policy-De

Tilley's Expedition to Portsmouth-Destouches sails for the Chesapeake-His Action

with Arbuthnot and Return-Movement of Virginia Militia to aid the French-Wash-

ington now seriously alarmed for the South,

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