and its population about 13-5 million. The State capital is in Chandigarh (a city which is now a Union Territory). The Congress Party form the State Government. Governor: D. C. Pavate Chief Minister: Giani Zail Singh RAJASTHAN The State of Rajasthan was formed by the union of 18 minor and four major Princely States, including Jaipur, Bikaner, Jodhpur and Udaipur. It was enlarged in 1956 by the addition of Ajmer. Its principal language is Hindi. Its area is about 132,000 square miles and its population about 25.7 million. The State capital is Jaipur. The Congress Party form the State Government. Governor: Sardar Hukam Singh TAMIL NADU The State of Madras was re-named Tamil Nadu in 1968 and comprises the large Tamil-speaking remnant of the former Province of Madras. In 1953 it lost its northern areas to Andhra and in 1956 some of its western districts to Mysore and Kerala. It acquired, however, in 1956 a small Tamil-speaking portion of Travancore-Cochin. Its area is about 50,000 square miles and its population about 41 million. The State capital is Madras. The Dravida Munnetre Kazhagam form the State Government. Governor: K. K. Shah Chief Minister: Karunanidhi UTTAR PRADESH The State of Uttar Pradesh comprises the former United Provinces and the Princely States of Benares, Tehri-Garhwal and Rampur. Its boundaries were unaffected by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Its principal language is Hindi. Its area is about 113,000 square miles and its population is about 88.3 million. The State capital is Lucknow. The Congress Party form the State Government. Governor: B. Gopala Reddy Chief Minister: Kamlapati Tripathi WEST BENGAL The State of West Bengal comprises the western part of the former Bengal Province and the Princely State of Cooch Behar. Under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, it was enlarged to include certain contiguous areas of Bihar. Its principal language is Bengali. Its area is about 34,000 square miles and its population about 44-4 million. The State capital is Calcutta. The Congress Party form the State Government. Governor: Al L. Dias Siddhartha Shankar Ray Chief Minister: Ajoy Mukerjee MANIPUR Manipur was formerly a Princely State and then a Part C State of the same name. It was granted full statehood in January 1972. Its area is about 8,600 square miles and its population is about 1 million. Its capital is Imphal. The State Government is formed by the United Legislative Party which is supported by the CPI and opposed by the Congress Party. Governor: B. K. Nehru TRIPURA Tripura was formerly a Princely State and then a Part C State of the same name. It was granted full Statehood in January 1972. Its area is about 4,000 square miles and its population about 1.5 million. Its capital its Agartala. The Congress Party form the State Government. Governor: B. K. Nehru DELHI The Territory of Delhi (formerly a Part C State) comprises the cities of Old and New Delhi and the area immediately surrounding them. Its area is 573 square miles and its population about 4 million. lieutenant-Governor: Baleshwar Prasad Chief Executive Counsellor: Radha Raman ARUNACHAL PRADESH In January 1972 the North East Frontier Agency (part of Assam but administered by the Union Government) was made into a Union Territory called Arunachal Pradesh. The Territory's administration is currently run from Shillong. Its area is over 32,000 square miles and its population about 450,000. Chief Commissioner: K. A. A. Raja MIZORAM In January 1972 the Mizo Hills area of Assam was made into a Union Territory called Mizoram. Its capital is Aijal. Its area is about 8,000 square miles and its population about 329,000. The administration is run by the Mizo Union party. Lieutenant Governor: S. P. Mukherjee Chief Minister: Ch. Chhanga THE ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS This chain of islands, with an area of 3,215 square miles, lies in the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal about 800 miles to the east and south-east of Madras. The total population is about 115,000 of whom two thirds are to be found in the Andamans, where the majority live within a radius of 15 miles of Port Blair, the capital. Chief Commissioner: H. S. Bhutalia THE LACCADIVE, MINICOY AND AMINDIVI ISLANDS This group of very small islands lies between 100 and 200 miles off the southwest coast of India. The islands were, prior to 1956, administered by the State of Madras. The total area of the group is 11 square miles and the population about 31,800. The Administrative Headquarters is at Kozhikode (formerly known as Calicut) in Kerala. Administrator: K. D. Menon DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI The area became a Union Territory, under the terms of the Constitution (Tenth) Amendment Act, 1961, on the 11th August 1961. It has an area of 189 square miles, and a population of 74,000. Administrator: K. R. Damle GOA, DAMAN AND DIU Goa, Daman and Diu became a Territory of the Indian Union according to the provisions of the Constitution (Twelfth) Amendment Act, 1962. The Maharashtrawadi Gomantak party form the Government. The territory has a total area of 1,431 square miles (Goa 1,394 square miles) and the population is 857,000 of which some 750,000 live in Goa. Lieutenant-Governor: Nakul Sen PONDICHERRY The Government of India, in agreement with the Government of France, took over the administration of the French Establishments in India (Pondicherry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mahe) in 1954, and a Treaty ceding these territories to India was signed in 1956 and ratified by the French Assembly in 1962. The total area is 186 square miles and the population 471,000. The former French settlements now form one Territory of the Union under the collective name of Pondicherry. The Administration is run by the DMK supported by the CPI. Lieutenant-Governor: B. D. Jatti SIKKIM SIKKIM AND BHUTAN The area of the Himalayan State of Sikkim is 2,745 square miles and its population, enumerated in the 1961 census of India, 161,080. Its capital is Gangtok. The State is a protectorate of India. The Government of India is responsible for its external relations, defence and communications, while as regards internal government the State enjoys autonomy, subject to the ultimate responsibility of the Government of India for the maintenance of good administration and law and order. BHUTAN The State of Bhutan, near the eastern end of India's Himalayan frontier, is in treaty relations with the Government of India, under which, while the Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of the State, the Government of Bhutan agree to be guided by the Government of India's advice in regard to external affairs. Its area is about 18,000 square miles and its population about 300,000. The capital is Thimpu. Bhutan became a member of the United Nations on 21st September 1971. Prefixes to Indian names TITLES IN INDIA Indian prefixes (to be used instead of, and not in addition to, Mr, Mrs, and Miss) are for men, Shri; for married women .Shrimati; and for unmarried women, Kumari. In the case of Sikhs the prefixes are Sardar, Sardarni and Biba respectively. In Tamil Nadu for men it is Thiru, for married women Thirumathi and unmarried women Selvi. The suffix 'ji' is frequently added to Indian names as a term of respect. This can either be to the first name (Indíraji) or to the last name (Gandhiji). Indian Honours There are four awards given for eminent public service: Titles 1 Bharat Ratna 2 Padma Vibhushan 3 Padma Bhushan 4 Padma Shri Under the Indian Constitution, 'no title, not being a military or academic distinction shall be conferred by the State'. Titles received before Independence, or hereditary titles, may be retained, but they are not used in official communications. JAMAICA AMAICA lies between longitudes 76° 11′ W. and 78° 21′ W. and between latitudes 17° 43′ N. and 18° 32′ N. The name is derived from the aboriginal Cuba, 445 miles north of Cartagena and 540 miles from Colon. The island's greatest length is 146 miles and its greatest width about 51 miles, and with an area of more than 4,400 square miles it is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea. The capital is Kingston. Jamaica is mountainous; the main range runs from east to west, with numerous subsidiary ranges, some parallel to the main range, others spreading out north-west and south-east from it. The highest point is Blue Mountain Peak (7,402 feet), in the east of the island. From these mountains a number of streams flow to the north and south shores, but none is navigable except the Black River, and that only for small craft. The island is indented with many bays and harbours, notable among which are Port Antonio at the eastern end, Montego Bay at the western end of the north coast, and Kingston on the south side of the island. Jamaica has a tropical climate of considerable variety. On the coast, high daytime temperatures (maximum 94° F., minimum 70° F.) are usually mitigated by sea breezes, while in the uplands of the interior the altitude brings a refreshing drop in humidity and temperature, particularly at night (maximum 81° F., minimum 43°F.). The island lies in the hurricane zone, and although the last hurricane to hit the island severely was in 1951 a number have threatened Jamaica since then. Lying close to the course of 'Flora', the hurricane of 1963, the island suffered great damage from floods and heavy rains. Most of Jamaica has a good rainfall, Kingston 60-35 inches, Port Antonio 153.83 inches representing respectively low and high rainfall areas, and although rain occurs at all times of the year, it is heaviest in May and from August to November. The preliminary estimate of the population at the census of 7th April 1970 was 1,861,300. The preliminary estimate of the population of the main towns on 7th April 1970 was: Kingston and St Andrew (Metropolitan Area) 506,200; Montego Bay 42,800; Spanish Town 41,600; May Pen 26,200. The birth-rate in 1969 was 33·1 per 1,000 and the death-rate 7·2 per 1,000. In 1963 76.3 per cent of the population were of African descent, 15.1 per cent of Afro-European, 1.7 per cent of Indian (mainly from South India), 0.8 per cent of European and 0.6 per cent of Chinese descent. The main language is English and religion is mainly Christian with 317,600 Anglicans, 306,000 Baptists, 191,200 Church of God, 115,300 Roman Catholics, 107,900 Methodists and 82,700 Presbyterians. Primary education is free but not yet compulsory. About 10 per cent of the total school population receive secondary education. The literacy figure is approximatley 59 per cent. For administrative purposes the island is divided into fourteen parishes. In 1971 a total of 554,807 tons of cargo were landed through Kingston Wharves Ltd (607,450 tons in 1970); and 60,132 tons of cargo (61,062 tons in 1970) were exported through Kingston Wharves Ltd. The only other major port facility in Kingston, Western Terminals Ltd, had 350,029 tons of deadweight cargo imported from October 1969 to September 1970 and during the same period 36,504 tons were exported over their wharves. Both these sets of figures excluded petroleum products. Jamaica has international airports at Palisadoes, 11 miles from Kingston (length of runway 7,600 feet), and at Montego Bay (length of runway 8,500 feet), three miles from the town. The principal airline is Air Jamaica Ltd. The principal shipping lines are Elders and Fyffe's Line, Harrison Line and Jamaica Banana Producers Steamship Company Limited. There are 205 miles of standard gauge railway and road mileage is 2,682. There are two broadcasting companies in the country: the Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation and Radio Jamaica Limited. The Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation provides television facilities. The main agricultural products are sugar, rum and molasses, bananas and citrus fruit. Jamaica is the largest exporter of bauxite in the world. The bauxite industry is controlled by 5 American companies and one Canadian company, Total investment in bauxite as at 31st December 1970 was £240 million, of which the US investment was £168 million (69.8%) and the Canadian investment £72 million (30.2%). The total bauxite production in 1971 was 12.2 million long dry tons compared with 11.8 million in 1970. In 1971 bauxite exports amounted to 7.5 milllion tons and in addition 1.7 million tons of alumina were shipped. The total export earnings from the bauxite industry in 1971 were £90 million. Gypsum is also mined. Cement is manufactured locally. The main exports in 1970 were: bauxite and alumina £93.4 million (£90 million in 1971); sugar, rum and molasses £16.9 million; bananas £5.9 million; H |