university who may be called upon to do some teaching and to care for a highschool library, or a small public library. Two hours' credit, each semester, is aldwell for the work L. D. Arnett, librarian.

WISCONSIN.

Beloit College, Beloit.-Instruction in the use of the library, bibliography, etc., is given as two of the regular college courses. It is divided as follows: (1) General reference-The purpose of this course is to guide the student to an intelligent use of a modern library and to the pursuit of the various subjects in the college curriculum with greater facility. It is also recommended to those who contemplate graduate study or any form of research work. The course comprises lectures on the classification and arrangement of books in a library, bibliography, library catalogues, public documents, and groups of reference books. First semester, one hour; open to all classes. Given annually.

(2) Library methods-A systematic study of the resources of a library as outlined above in course 1, to which is added a comparative study of library methods in general, with especial attention to cataloguing, classification, and indexing. This course aims to qualify those expecting to teach to take charge of school libraries. Since library methods are so widely in use in the business world, the course should be of value also to those planning this career. Lectures, seminars, and practice work in the library. First semester, two hours; open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Given annually.-Iva M. Butler, associate librarian.

Milton College, Milton.-The only instruction in library work given in Milton College is special training given to student assistants in its own library. Employs one salaried librarian. The rest of the work is done by student assistants, who are paid a nominal fee per hour for their work. These receive personal instruction in the most essential parts of library work and often become very skillful; but no credit is given for this work.

Ripon College, Ripon.-The college has a trained and competent librarian, who employs two or three students each year as assistants in the library and gives them informal instruction. There is a probability that a formal course of this sort will be offered in the near future, but as yet there is nothing to report.-Frank M. Erickson, dean.

University of Wisconsin, Madison.-Maintains a school of library science. Course includes the fundamental principles of biographical, technical, and administrative library work that are necessary to meet the demands of the library world, developed along practical lines. Arranged as follows: (a) As an independent library course of one year, by all who meet the entrance requirements of the school. (b) As a joint course, by senior students in the college of letters and science who qualify for entrance. Students who take the joint course may not begin the work of the library school until they have obtained at least 96 credits in the college of letters and science and passed the entrance examinations of the library school. Of the 20 credits of library-school work accepted by the university, 4 may be counted toward an English major, if the candidate chooses that subject. This joint course leads to the degree of bachelor of arts from the university and to the certificate of the library school.

In cooperation with the legislative reference department of the Wisconsin Free Library Commission, the library school also offers a special course of training for legislative and municipal reference work and the various sociological phases of library service. This course covers a special summer session, beginning in August, and the two following university semesters.

WYOMING.

University of Wyoming, Laramie.-The university has a course in library methods, the library being used as a laboratory. A large part of the students' time is spent at actual work in the library. The course is intended for the librarians of the State and their assistants, and for those who are preparing for library work. This short course is not intended to graduate expert librarians, but seeks to introduce some of the most modern methods of library work. The course of instruction is regulated somewhat by the demands and qualifications of the students registering in this department. The following subjects are treated: Library handwriting; selecting and buying books, accessioning; shelf listing; classification; cataloguing; reference books; periodicals; reading lists; bookbinding; library furniture; bookplates; library labels; traveling libraries; art in the library; collecting and cataloguing State and local history. A knowledge of the use of the typewriter is an advantage, but not a necessity. The Dewey decimal classification is used. The textbooks are Dana's Library Primer and Dewey's Abridged Classification.-Grace R. Hebard, librarian.

II. NORMAL SCHOOLS.

ALABAMA.

State Normal School, Troy-Gives in connection with English courses a course in library methods for rural teachers. The course consists of lectures, cataloguing, use of books, knowledge of content, grading of books, and methods for creating and sustaining library interest in rural communities.-Sarah E. Luther, department of English.

The Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for the Training of Colored Young Men and Women, Tuskegee Institute.-Gives instruction in library work. During the regular term a class made up of students takes instruction in library management while the two upper classes have instruction in handling the card catalogue, the card references, etc.

During the summer-school period a regular course is offered in cataloguing and library management.-Booker T. Washington, principal.

CALIFORNIA.

State Normal School, San Diego.-Offers a library course dealing largely with the use of bibliographies, reference books, methods of research in libraries, with some study of the great libraries of the world and their development. The course is intended to be of practical use to teachers, not so much in handling the small libraries usually found in schools, although this is an incidental aim, but more particularly to enable them to secure information quickly and accurately for themselves in the city and town libraries which are so abundant in California.-W. F. Bliss, dean.

State Normal School, Los Angeles.-Gives instruction in library methods. This course is intended as an elementary introduction to the use of books and the library, also to the organization and management of school libraries. It consists as follows:

Part I. Use of the library.-The book, its structure and care; classification and arrangement of books; use of the card catalogue; use of reference books; periodicals and periodical indexes.

Part II. Library management.-Book selection and buying; preparation of books for the shelves; library records, accession book, shelf list; children's reading and books; charging systems.

Three periods or more a week, for a term of 12 weeks, is assigned each pupil. One period each week is given to lecture work and the other periods are devoted to practice work in the library under close supervision, where principles outlined in the lecture are demonstrated.

The first part of the course is the practical use of the library, arranged to meet the requirements of the average normal-school student.

The second part is intended to qualify the student to organize and administer intelligently a school library.

Each student is required to select, accession, classify, shelf list, and catalogue a small collection of books before the term closes. An extensive bibliography is also required. This is, in a measure, review work covering the entire term's work, as it requires considerable research and involves the use of much of the material studied and discussed.

COLORADO.

Normal School, Colorado Springs.-A class of about six to eight students is given instruction in general library management.-J. V. Breitwieser, professor of psychology and education.

State Normal School, Gunnison.—A course in library economy and children's reading is given in this school. The course is founded on the needs of the teacher and is technical only so far as is necessary in making of our young men and women intelligent users of libraries. The teacher's need lies in instruction concerning juvenile literature and our particular effort is to supply that need. June Linn, librarian.

State Teachers' College of Colorado, Greeley.-In the department of library work the purpose of the course is to give teachers and those who intend to teach an idea of the organization and management of a library in a general way; also instruction in reference work, which is supplemented by lectures on children's reading, story-telling, school libraries, traveling libraries, etc. Persons taking this course will have an opportunity to take bookbinding in the manual-training department, if they so wish. The courses in bookbinding are as follows: (1) Senior-college elementary bookbinding, five hours; fall term. (2) Junior or senior college intermediate bookbinding, five hours; winter and spring terms. (3) Junior or senior college advanced bookbinding, five hours; spring term.

CONNECTICUT.

State Normal-Training School, Willimantic.-Gives a very brief course in library economy as a part of the preparation of teachers for the common schools. It does not attempt to prepare librarians. The following is a brief summary of the subjects included in this course: Classification; make-up and use of a card catalogue; general use of reference books.-Henry T. Burr, principal.

State Normal Training School, Danbury.-The summer session of this school has a two weeks' course in library economy, given by the State public library committee. In addition to the instruction outlined there are numerous lectures by recognized authorities in this part of the country.

The attendance at this class has been from 15 to 25 in various summers.— J. R. Perkins, principal.

IDAHO.

Lewiston State Normal School, Lewiston.-For the past three years this school has offered a definite course in the cataloguing and use of school libraries. This course occupies a place on the regular curriculum under the title

of library science, and is a half-year course required of all students for graduation. The course may be taken by students in their junior or senior year, but it is listed as a regular junior-year subject. The course itself is a course in theory, with one hour a day in actual library practice required of all students.-George H. Black, principal.

State Normal School, Albion.-Gives a six-weeks' course in library economy, consisting of instruction in the management of libraries, the cataloguing of books, and general library science, supplemented by actual work in the library of the school, which contains some 3,000 volumes arranged according to the Dewey decimal system.-G. A. Axline, president.

ILLINOIS.

Illinois State Normal School, Normal.-Ten lessons in library organization are given to all entering students to enable them to use the library effectively. All members of the senior class who desire it are given a course of equal length on the organization' of school libraries, modes of purchasing material, managing the library, etc.-David Felmley, president.

Eastern Illinois State Normal School, Charleston.-All students are required to take lessons in the use of the library.—Mary J. Booth, librarian.

Western Illinois State Normal School, Macomb.-Instruction given in the organization, care, and use of libraries with problems based on the Western Illinois State Normal School library and suggestions for the adaptation of methods to schoolroom libraries.

The special certificate in library economy is based upon 35 hours a week for one school year of practical work in the library. A standing of not less than B in the prescribed course in library economy is a prerequisite to this course. The candidate for this certificate shall do work which is outlined as follows: (a) He shall have charge of some particular department of library worke. g., circulation, receiving of periodicals, binding-and be responsible for the phase of work assigned.

(b) He shall practice in all phases of the routine of library work-selecting of books, ordering, receiving, classifying, accessioning, cataloguing, including both classed and dictionary catalogues.

(c) He shall have practice in reference work through assigned problems involving use of general and special reference books, through finding material for practice teachers and other students in the school, through assisting in finding material for debates and other work of the literary societies of the school. (d) He shall have charge of and be responsible for the order in the reading room and for the general reference work during at least one busy study period each day.-W. P. Morgan, president.

INDIANA.

Teachers College of Indianapolis, Indianapolis.-The curriculum of this college includes a short series of lectures on library science. All graduates are required to attend these lectures.-Eliza A. Blaker, principal.

IOWA.

Iowa State Teachers' College, Cedar Falls.-The course in library methods is given in the winter term only, and is open to all students. It consists of 24 lecture periods and about 70 periods of practice work and reading. The object of the course is not to make trained librarians but to give such training to those taking the work as will enable them to use the library intelligently, to make wise selection of books for school libraries, and to care for such libraries when collected.

Considerable time is devoted to the study of the more important reference books; the school library and its possibilities are considered, and enough time is devoted to the study of classification and cataloguing as will make the care of a school library easy and businesslike.

The class is expected to become familiar with the best of children's literature in good editions, and much time is spent in reading such books.

KANSAS.

Kansas State Normal School, Emporia.-Offers work in library science. The courses are open to accredited high-school graduates, and may be completed in one year (September-June) if the student so chooses. Courses arranged as follows: (1) Library methods; 1 hour's credit; summer term and each semester. (2) Reference; 3 hours' credit; first semester. (3) Bibliography; 3 hours' credit; second semester. (4) Public documents; 2 hours' credit; first semester. (5) Children's literature; 3 hours' credit; summer term and first semester. (6) Story-telling; 3 hours' credit; summer term and second semester. (7) Bookmaking; 2 hours' credit; second semester. (8) Library history; 2 hours' credit; first semester. (9) Library economy; 2 hours' credit; first semester. (10) Classification of books; 3 hours' credit; first semester. (11) Cataloguing; 4 hours' credit; second semester. (12) Organization and administration; 2 hours' credit; second semester.

Western State Normal School, Hays.-There are few textbooks on library subjects, and instruction is given in the form of lectures and assigned readings, followed by practice work under supervision, with discussion of both theory and practice. Individual research is encouraged. Examinations take the form of problems wherever practicable.

Students who wish to select courses with reference to taking a library course later are advised to consider the following: Modern language, psychology, history, English literature, economics, sociology, science, education, and art. Typewriting is required.

Course 1, elementary reference.-Lectures, with practical work following, to make new students feel at home in the library and able to use it to advantage. Course 1', library methods.-Two hours. Methods of library instruction fitted to pupils in high school and grades; selection of books for school libraries; public school and public library interrelations; school library law.

Course 2, library economy.-Two hours. Instruction follows regular library routine order, accession, shelf listing, mechanical preparation for the shelves, binding.

Course 2', reference.-Two hours. Promotes familiarity with well-known reference works, with the use of indexes to periodicals and general literature, with general and special cyclopedias, dictionaries, annuals, and ready-reference manuals. Lists of questions to be answered by use of the works studied are given and methods of finding answers discussed.

KENTUCKY.

State Normal School (western district), Bowling Green.—A course in library economy has been offered in the summer term for the past three years. This course offers six weeks of systematic instruction in library science. It is not. however, a substitute for the extensive courses offered in library schools.

The following subjects are treated: (1) Relation between the library and the schools; (2) classification and arrangement of books; (3) book selection and book buying; (4) mechanism of books; (5) study of reference books; (6) in