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EDUCATION FOR THE HOME-PART III.

I. TYPICAL COLLEGE CURRICULA IN EDUCATION FOR THE HOME.

Section 1. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.

The University of Chicago offers work related to the home at two points in the university: The department of household administration, in the faculties of arts, literature, and science; and the department of home economics and household arts in the school of education.

The department of household administration of the University of Chicago is significant as a university department of instruction which offers undergraduate and graduate instruction under the faculties of arts, literature, and science. Its courses particularly emphasize the administration of the home, and its sanitary, economic, legal, and community problems. Household administration is here given fullest academic recognition and placed coordinately with the long-established academic and scientific departments. The courses have been from the first in charge of Miss Marion Talbot, professor of household administration, and dean of women, with whom there is associated Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, assistant professor of social economy. The very statement of the purpose of the courses presents a liberal view appropriate to university relationships:

The courses in this department are planned to give students (1) a general view of the place of the household in society as a means of liberal culture; (2) training in the rational and scientific administration of the home as a social unit; (3) preparation to serve as teachers of home economics, domestic science, and household arts, or as social workers in institutions whose activity is largely expressed through household administration. The regular courses of the department are supplemented by courses offered by instructors in other departments, especially in the departments of sociology, chemistry, zoology, physiology and bacteriology, and of the school of education.

The department grants no special certificate; its work is applied, like that of other departments, toward the requirements for the various university degrees― bachelors of arts, science, and philosophy; the master of arts and of science and the doctor of philosophy and of science. Undergraduate students may take their "major or minor sequence" in this department or choose electives; college of

education students who are candidates for the bachelor's degree in education or the two-year certificate in home economics may elect work in the department of household administration; unclassified students who are 21 years of age and high-school graduates with training in either physics or chemistry may pursue courses independent of a degree; and instruction in certain courses is offered through the correspondence-study department of the university. The department affords opportunities for gaining practical experience in housekeeping, lunchroom management, marketing, household accounting, and similar activities. There are also frequent occasions for active participation in such philanthropic work as supplements the instruction of the classroom."

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The following courses of instruction are offered by the department of household administration:

The Organization of the Retail Markets. An elementary course intended to familiarize the student with the machinery of trade with which the householder comes into direct contact. Visits will be made to typical distributive establishments.

The Consumption of Wealth.-Standards of living; necessaries for life and for efficiency, comforts, luxury, and extravagance; a minimum wage and a living wage; saving and spending; organized efforts among consumers to coutrol production.

The Economic Basis of the Family.

Public Aspects of the Household.-A course intended to review the relations between the householder and the public, as represented by Federal, State, or municipal authority.

Legal and Economic Position of Women.-A study of the status of women with reference to their property, the effect of marriage, their share in the control of their children, their opportunities as wage earners and producers. (See p. 22.)

The Child and the State.

Problems in Household Administration.-This course will be conducted for students who have had special training and experience, preferably in teaching, social work, or scientific housekeeping.

House Sanitation.-This course deals with the house as a factor in health. Special attention will be given to modern conceptions of cleanliness and to the investigation of general sanitary conditions from a practical and scientific standpoint and with special reference to the needs of the community, the household, and the school.

Food Supplies and Dietaries.-The nutritive and money values of foodstuffs: the application of heat to food principles; adulterations; methods of preservation; sanitary and economic aspects of food; popular misconceptions as to foods. Administration of the House. This course will consider the order and administration of the house with a view to the proper apportionment of the income and the maintenance of suitable standards. It will include a discussion of the domestic-service problem.

Modern Problems in Household Administration.-The work will be conducted only for students capable of carrying on independent investigations. It will deal with new and unsettled problems whose solution will help place the subject of household administration on a more secure scientific basis.

Special Research.-Open only to students who have had special training and experience.

Department of home economics and household arts.-The school of education, University of Chicago, offers courses in this department

which are planned for those students who are preparing to become teachers or supervisors in elementary and secondary schools in home economics and household art, and for teachers of these subjects in normal schools and colleges; also, courses in institution economics. Students registering in this department must take physiology, chemistry, and economics in addition to the general requirements. This department offers two curricula, one leading to the bachelor's degree in education, and the other to a departmental certificate conferred on the completion of 18 major courses of required work. The courses offered include:

In Home Economics.-Food and its preparation (2 courses), application of heat to food materials (4 courses), study of foods (2 courses), dietary problems, dietetics and dietary standards, chemistry of foods (2 courses), home sanitation, institution economics (3 courses), theory of teaching home economics, and practice teaching.

In Household Art.-Economics of household art, house planning and construction, handwork of household art, textiles, sewing (3 courses), dressmaking, millinery, drafting, constructive design in costume, theory of teaching household art, practice teaching.

Institution economics.-Miss Cora C. Colburn, of the school of education of the University of Chicago, furnishes the following statement of the courses in institution economics:

The instruction is given in the senior college, and all students who wish to specialize in this particular field are expected to meet the full requirements of the department of home economics. The several dining halls of the university are used as working laboratories by the students in this department, and every possible opportunity is given for experience in this line of work.

An outline of the courses follows:

Course 1. A study of the organization and equipment of school lunch rooms, public and private institutions; the installation of equipment, with reference to the economy of time and energy; lecture and field work.

Course 2. Production, manufacture, and distribution of foods; their commercial and nutritive value; storage and care of supplies; lecture and laboratory; to accompany or precede course 1.

Course 3. The preparation and selection of food; a study of institution dietaries with special reference to the school lunch; quantity in relation to number to be served; methods of serving.

Section 2. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI.

The various departmental relations of a home economics department are well illustrated by the courses at the University of Missouri, where the department of home economics is a part of the school of education, but with other important affiliations:

For A. B. degree: Students may include in their elective requirements for the bachelor of arts degree, not to exceed 15 hours, from the following household science courses-Introduction to home economics, 5 hours; house sanitation, 3; house decoration, 2; foods, general course, 4; metabolism and diefetics, 3.

For the degree of bachelor of science in education, with home economics as a special subject, there are required (after two preliminary years in the college of arts and science where work is had in experimental psychology and educational psychology) courses in the history of education, theory of teaching, practice teaching, and school economy, with a minimum requirement of 17 hours in home economics, including a course in the teaching of home economics. For the degree of bachelor of science in agriculture: A four-year curriculum in agriculture for women is offered, with 58 hours required as below, 36 additional hours required in either the plant group, dairy husbandry group, or the home economics group of courses, and the balance of 26 in the total of 120 hours as free electives. The required subjects are as follows: Freshmen year-chemistry, inorganic (5) and analytical (5); English (5); horticultureplant propagation (2), introduction to home economics (5), general botany (5). Sophomore year-elementary organic chemistry (3), grain judging (3), landscape gardening (4), English (4), general bacteriology (3), elements of dairying (3). Junior year—house sanitation (3), general zoology (5).

For these three curricula the home economics department offers the following courses: Introduction to home economics (5 hours), dietetics for nurses (2), textiles and clothing (2), sewing (2), advanced sewing (2), millinery (2), house sanitation (3), house decoration (2), foods-general course (4), metabolism and dietetics (3), dressmaking (3), principles of nursing in the home (1), and research.

Section 3. ELMIRA COLLEGE.

Elmira College, established at Elmira, N. Y., in 1855, offers a program in domestic arts and science leading to the bachelor of science degree (vocational). Another "vocational" course is offered in secretarial work and social science. These "vocational" courses are in addition to the classical course leading to the A. B. degree, and a music course leading to the B. S. degree. Graduates of colleges may take a one-year course in secretarial or social work. The domestic arts course is intended to prepare teachers and fit for household management. Fifteen units of high-school work are required for admission, including two units in natural science, chemistry, and physics. The following courses are offered: Household economics, six courses in foods and cookery, including a course in the theory of teaching domestic science, two courses in hygiene (one in laundering), five courses in clothing, including one in the theory of teaching domestic art. Of these courses those in nutrition, food chemistry, and theory of teaching may be taken with credit by candidates for the nonvocational degrees. The college offers also 12 courses in business as part of its vocational curricula, which include standards of living and administration of the income, commercial and household accounts, and other commercial and philanthropic studies. As Elmira College was among the earliest of the women's colleges, so it is the first of the eastern women's colleges to provide vocational curricula both for undergraduates and graduates.

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