The college or university community is a peculiar and interesting social unit. This is largely true because it is a transitional period of community living. A large proportion of the members of the college and university community come to it with experience only of community living under conditions of considerable control of their activities and interests. Parents, school, and the home community have in large part guided and limited their lives; even under modern conditions of youthful freedom the degree of responsibility placed upon the student prior to his entrance to college is relatively slight. During the period of college and university life he must develop attitudes, interests, and abilities, which will enable him to reenter the community from which he came in very different capacities from those he occupied when he first went to college.

It is a function of the university or college to assist the student in making these changes of attitudes, interests, and abilities. This is done in part only by the academic and curricular activities provided by the institution. Of equal or even greater importance in the process are the material conditions of living, the social atmosphere, and the opportunities for self-expression provided by the institution during the period of college life. The transformation from living under control to living independently can not be accomplished effectively when "institutionalism" prescribes rigidly and imposes by authority conditions comparable to those of the nursery or the penitentiary. On the other hand, the institution that assumes no responsibility whatsoever outside the academic program but throws the immature young man or woman entirely upon his or her own resources, is failing to function in the fullest sense as an educational agency.

One purpose of the college experience is to prepare for participation in the life of a community, whether community is interpreted in strictly local or in national terms. The creation and utilization of self-directed effort on the part of the student must operate in an atmosphere of institutional interest in these matters. Data provided for the survey of student relations and welfare in the land-grant

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institutions may be regarded, therefore, somewhat artificially, from the standpoints first, of those activities and services that are furnished by the institution and that are controlled administratively by the institution in the interest of the student's college life, and secondly, those activities that are controlled and operated by the students independently or in conjunction with institutional authority. In many instances the primary interest of the institution in the individual student's human welfare is dictated by considerations of contribution to the academic and curricular welfare of the student. In other cases institutional interest is merely an expression of common social responsibility for the welfare of the individual or is directed to make definite provision to encourage individual initiative in relationships other than those of class work. The first section of this report will deal with the institutional welfare and advisory staff designed to accomplish these ends. It is concerned with the housing and feeding of students; with personnel systems; with the health service; with the means used to introduce and orient new students into the college community; with provisions for physical education and athletic activities; with religious interests and institutional convocations; with the aids provided to enable students to meet their academic and financial responsibility; and with the assistance given when the student leaves the institution to take up his work in the outside community. The second portion of the report will deal with the student organizations intended for the personal benefit of their members, for the benefit of the college community, and for the benefit of larger phases of community life.

Chapter II.-Welfare and Advisory Staff

The student personnel work in all the land-grant institutions centers in two offices, those of the dean of men and of the dean of women. Even though many of the activities that concern student welfare are directed by other persons and though several institutions have a separate department of personnel under a director who is supposed to centralize all of the personnel work of the institution, the dean of men and the dean of women maintain the closest direct contact with the entire student body. It is through their offices that the work of the student organizations is conducted. The measure of the success of these two administrators in any institution may well be judged by the amount of voluntary cooperation requested from them by the various organizations of the campus. A study of the organization of the offices of the dean of men and the dean of women is essential.

Office of the Dean of Women

Since the office of the dean of men is a more recent organization than that of the dean of women, it may be well to take up the latter first. Reports concerning student relations were received from 44 institutions. Of these, two have no women registered and three have so few as to be negligible. Thirty-nine of the land-grant institutions maintain the office of the dean of women and give this title to the woman who has general supervision of women students. The earliest date of establishment of this office in the land-grant institutions was 1897. Two institutions report the establishment of the office in that year. It was established before 1913 in half of the institutions reporting.

The salaries of the deans of women range from $2,000 to $6,000, with the median at $3,600. In all but three of the land-grant institutions this salary is paid entirely from State funds; in three, it is paid partly from student fees.

The qualifications for this office are stated in general terms and with little definiteness. A more significant picture is obtained by studying the actual preparation of women who held the office in 1927. The data furnished by the land-grand college survey has been supplemented by valuable material gathered by Miss Madge McGlade, of Iowa State College, who made a study of the office of dean of women in the land-grant institutions in 1927. The age 111490°-30—VOL 1- -28

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