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limits of his cantonment after they shall have been designated to him, such individual officer or other prisoner shall forfeit so much of the benefit of this article as provides for his enlargement on parole or cantonment. And it is declared, that neither the pretence, that war dissolves ail treaties, nor any other whatever shall be considered as annulling or suspending this and the next preceding article; but on the contrary that the state of war is precisely that for which they are provided, and during which they are to be as sacredly observed as the most acknowledged articles in the law of nature and nations.

ARTICLE XXV.

The two contracting parties have granted to each other the liberty of having each in the ports of the other, consuls, vice-consuls, agents and commissaries of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers, as those of the most favored nations. But if any such consul shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages, to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted in the same place.

ARTICLE XXVI.

If either party shall hereafter grant to any other nation, any particular favor in navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other nation, or on yielding the same compensation when the grant is conditional.

ARTICLE XXVII

His Majesty the king of Prussia and the United States of America agree, that this treaty shall be in force during the term of ten years from the exchange of the ratifications; and if the expiration of that teria should happen during the course of a war between them, then the ar ticles before provided for the regulation of their conduct during such a war, shall continue in force until the conclusion ofthe treaty, which shall restore peace.

This treaty shall be ratified on both sides, and the ratifications exa changed within one year from the day of its signature, or sooner if possible.

Done at Berlin the eleventh day of July in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine.

Convention

Between the FRENCH REPUBLIC and the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

THE

HE Premier Consul of the French republic in the name of the people of France, and the President of the United States of America, equally desirous to terminate the differences which have arisen Letween the two States, have respectively appointed their plenipotentiaries, and given them full powers to treat upon those differences, and to terminate the same; that is to say, the Premier Consul of the French Re public, in the name of the people of France, has appointed for the Plenipotentiaries of the said republic, the Citizens Joseph Bonaparte; ex-Ambassador at Rome and Counsellor of State; Charles Pierre Claret Fleurieu, member of the National Institute, and of the Board of

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Longitude, of France, and Counsellor of State, President of the Section of Marine; and Pierre Louis Ræderer, Member of the National Institute of France, and Counsellor of State, President of the Section of the Interior: And the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, has appointed fortheir Plenipotentiaries, Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the United States, William Richardson Davie, late Governor of the State of North Carolina, and William Vans Murray, Minister resident of the United States at the Hague; who, after having exchanged their full powers, and after full and mature discussion of the respective interests, have agreed on the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

There shall be a firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and a true and sincere friendship between the French Republic and the United States of America; and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of persons or places.

ARTICLE II.

The Ministers Plenipotentiary of the two parties not being able to agree at present respecting the treaty of alliance of 6th February 1778, the treaty of amity and commerce of the same date, and the convention of 14th of November 1783, nor upon the indemnities mutually due or claimed; the parties will negotiate further on these subjects at a convenient time, and until they may have agreed upon these points, the said treaties and conventions shall have no operation, and the relations of the two countries shall be regulated as follows.

ARTICLE III.

The public ships,which have been taken on one part and the other, or which may be taken before the exchange or ratifications, shall be restored.

ARTICLE IV.

Property captured, and not yet definitively condemned, or which may be captured before the exchange of ratifications (contraband goods destined to an enemy's port excepted) shall be mutually restored on the following proofs of ownership: viz. The proof on both sides with respect to merchant ships, whether armed or unarmed, shall be a passport in the form following:

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"To all who shall see these presents, GREETING:

"It is hereby made known that leave and permission has been givmaster and commander of the ship called burthen

of the town of tons, or thereabouts, lying at present in the port, and haven of and bound for and laden with after that his ship has been visited, and before sailing, he shall make oath before the officers who have the jurisdiction of maritime affairs, that the said ship belongs to one or more of the subjects of

the act whereof shall be put at the end of these presents, as likewise that he will keep, and 'cause to be kept by his crew on board, the marine ordinances and regulations, and enter in the proper office a list.

These treaties may be found in vol. 1, pages 366, 378, and the consular convention in vol. 2, page 378. They were all declared to be no longer obligstory upon the United States, by an act passed July 7, 1798, (vol. 4, p. 163.

signed and witnessed, containing the names and surnames, the places of birth and abode of the crew of his ship, and of all who shall embark on board her; whom he shall not take on board without the knowledge and permission of the officers of the marine, and in every port or haven where he shall enter with his ship, he shall shew this present leave to the officers and judges of the marine, and shall give a faithful account to them of what passed and was done during his voyage; and he shall carry the colours, arms and ensigns of the [French Republic or the United States] during his voyage. In witness whereof we have signed these presents, and put the seal of our arms thereunto, and caused the same to be countersigned by the

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And this passport will be sufficient without any other paper, any ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding: Which passport shall not be deemed requisite to have been renewed or recalled, whatever number of voyages the said ship may have made, unless she shall have returned home within the space of a year.-Proof with respect to the cargo shall be certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, the place whence the ship sailed and whither she is bound, so that the forbidden and contraband goods may be distinguished by the certificates; which certificates shall have been made out by the officers of the place whence the ship set sail, in the accustomed form of the country. And if such passport or certificates, or both shall have been destroyed by accident, or taken away by force, their deficiency may be supplied by such other proofs of ownership, as are admissible by the general usage of nations. Proof with respect to other than merchant ships shall be the commission they bear.

This article shall take effect from the date of the signature of the present convention. And if, from the date of the said signature, any property shall be condemned contrary to the intent of the said convention, before the knowledge of this stipulation shall be obtained, the property so condemned shall without delay be restored or paid for.

ARTICLE V.

The debts contracted by one of the two nations with individuals of the other, or by the individuals of one with the individuals of the other, shall be paid, or the payment may be prosecuted in the same manner as if there had been no misunderstanding between the two states. But this clause shall not extend to indemnities claimed on account of cap-. tures or confiscations.

ARTICLE VI.

Commerce between the parties shall be free. The vessels of the two, nations and their privateers, as well as their prizes, shall be treated in the respective ports as those of the nation the most favored; and, in general the two parties shall enjoy in the ports of each other, in regard to commerce and navigation, the privileges of the most favored nation. ARTICLE VII.

The citizens and inhabitants of the United States, shall be at liberty to dispose by testament, donation, or otherwise, of their goods, moveable and immoveable, holden in the territory of the French Republic in Europe, and the citizens of the French Republic shall have the same liberty with regard to goods, moveable and immoveable, holden in the

territory of the United States, in favor of such persons as they shall think proper. The citizens and inhabitants of either of the two countries, who shall be heirs of goods, moveable or immoveable, in the other, shall be able to succeed ab intestato, without being obliged to obtain letters of naturalization, and without having the effect of this provision contested or impeded, under any pretext whatever; and the said heirs, whether such by particular title, or ab intestato, shall be exempt from every duty whatever in both countries. It is agreed that this article shall in no manner derogate from the laws which either state may now have in force, or hereafter may enact, to prevent emigration; and also that in case the laws of either of the two states should restrain strangers from the exercise of the rights of property with respect to real estate, such real estate may be sold, or otherwise disposed of, to citizens or inhabitants of the country where it may be, and the other na, tion shall be at liberty to enact similar laws.

ARTICLE VIII.

To favor commerce on both sides, it is agreed, that, in case a war should break out between the two nations, which God forbid, the term of six months after the declaration of war shall be allowed to the merchants and other citizens and inhabitants respectively, on one side and the other, during which time they shall be at liberty, to withdraw them, selves with their effects and moveables, which they shall be at liberty to carry, send away or sell, as they please, without the least obstruction; nor shall their effects, much less their persons be seized, during such term of six months; on the contrary, passports, which shall be valid for a time necessary for their return, shall be given to them for their vessels and the effects which they shall be willing to send away, or car ry with them; and such passports shall be a safe conduct against all insults and prizes which privateers may attempt against their personā and effects. And if any thing be taken from them or any injury done to them or their effects, by one of the parties, their citizens or inhabitants, within the term above prescribed, full satisfaction shall be made to them on that account.

ARTICLE IX.

Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to individuals of the other, nor shares, nor monies, which they may have in public funds, or in the public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of was or of national difference, be sequestered or confiscated.

ARTICLE X.

It shall be free for the two contracting parties to appoint commercial agents for the protection of trade, to reside in France and the United States. Either party may except such place, as may be thought proper, from the residence of those agents. Before any agents shall exer. cise his functions, he shall be accepted in the usual forms by the party to whom he is sent; and when he shall have been accepted and fur nished with his exequatur, he shall enjoy the rights and prerogatives of the similar agents of the most favored nations.

ARTICLE XI.

The citizens of the French Republic shall pay in the ports, havens, roads, countries, islands, cities and towns of the United States, no other, or greater duties or imposts, of what nature soever they may be, or by

what name soever called, than those which the nations most favored are, or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, liberties, privileges, immunities and exemptions in trade, navigation and commerce, whether in passing from one port in the said states to another, or in going to and from the same from and to any part of the world, which the said nations do or shall enjoy. And the citizens of the United States shall reciprocally enjoy in the territories of the French Republic in Europe, the same privileges and immunities, as well for their property and persons, as for what concerns their trade, navigation and commerce.

ARTICLE XII.

It shall be lawful for the citizens of either country to sail with their ships and merchandise (contraband goods always excepted) from any port whatever, to any port of the enemy of the other, and to sail and trade with their ships and merchandise, with perfect security and liberty, from the countries, ports and places of those who are enemies of both, or of either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, and to pass not only directly from the places and ports of the enemy aforementioned, to neutral ports and places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same power, or under the several; unless such ports or places shall be actually blockaded, besieged or invested.

And whereas it frequently happens, that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is either bcsieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel, so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but she shall not be detained, nor any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after notice of such blockade or investment, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port or place before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender of such place, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof.

ARTICLE XIII.

In order to regulate what shall be deemed contraband of war, there shall be comprised under that denomination, gun-powder, salt-petre, petards, match, ball, bombs, grenades, carcasses, pikes, halberds, swords, belts, pistols, holsters, cavalry-saddles and furniture, cannon, mortars, their carriages and beds, and generally all kinds of arms, ammunition of war, and instruments fit for the use of troops; all the above articles, whenever they are destined to the port of an enemy, are hereby declared to be contraband, and just objects of confiscation; but the vessel in which they are laden, and the residue of the cargo, shall be considered free, and not in any manner infected by the prohibited goods, whether belonging to the same or a different owner.

ARTICLE XIV.

It is hereby stipulated that free ships shall give a freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt which shall

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